The spiny chromis (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) is a species of damselfish from the western Pacific.[2] It is the only member of the genusAcanthochromis.
The spiny chromis was first formally described in 1855 as Dascyllus polyacanthus by the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker with the type locality given as Batman in the Moluccas. It is the only species in the genusAcanthochromis.[3] The genus name is a compound of acanthus meaning "spine", probably a reference to the 17 dorsal-fin spines, and Chromis, presumably referring to a relationship to that genus. The specific namepolyacanthus means "many-spined".[4]
Distribution and habitatedit
The spiny chromis is found in the western Pacific Ocean.[2] It is found in western and central Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, northern Australia, and all the islands in the Philippines except Luzon.[2] They are also found in Melanesia. This fish usually lives in coral reefs. This fish is found at a depth range of 1 to 65 metres (3.3 to 213.3 ft) but is usually found at a depth range of 4 to 20 metres (13 to 66 ft).[2]
Descriptionedit
Spiny chromis individuals can grow up to a maximum size of 14 centimetres (5.5 in) as adults.[2] Its fins have 17 dorsal spines, 14 to 16 dorsal rays, 2 anal spines, and 14 to 16 anal rays.[2] This fish is gray on the front and white on the back. The ratio of grey to white varies by specific reef, as there is little interbreeding between reefs due to lack of pelagic larval period. Grey color can range from a blue-grey to brown as the fish matures. The top of its dorsal fin and the bottom of its anal fin is black. Some individuals are gray with a yellow horizontal line in the middle.
Ecologyedit
Dietedit
This fish is planktonivorous and algivorous, and steals algae from algae-farming species of damselfish. Younger individuals have been known to eat mucus off the adults.[5][6]
Life Cycleedit
The spiny chromis, unlike many other coral reef fishes, has direct development of their larvae, which means that the parents protect their brood from the egg stage (which are laid on the reef), through hatching and onto the fully developed juvenile stage.[7] There is no pelagic larval stage unlike the vast majority of coral reef fishes. This form of direct development means that the offspring often take up residence on the reef not far from where they were hatched. Consequently, high levels of local adaptation to their local environment has been recorded in this species.[8]
Referencesedit
^Jenkins, A.; Carpenter, K.E.; Allen, G. & Yeeting, B. (2017). "Acanthochromis polyacanthus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T188464A1878808. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T188464A1878808.en.
^ abcdefFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2008). "Acanthochromis polyacanthus" in FishBase. December 2008 version.
^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (27 February 2021). "Series OVALENTARIA (Incertae sedis): Family POMACENTRIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
^"Acanthochromis polyacanthus on Australian Museum" Australian Museum Retrieved on January 3, 2014
^Kavanagh K (2000) Larval brooding in the marine damselfish Acanthochromis polyacanthus (Pomacentridae) is correlated with highly divergent morphology, ontogeny and life-history traits. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:321–337.
^Fulton CJ, Binning SA, Wainwright PC, Bellwood DR (2013) Wave-induced abiotic stress shapes phenotypic diversity within a coral reef fish across a geographical cline. Coral Reefs 32:685-689.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acanthochromis polyacanthus.
Wikispecies has information related to Spiny chromis.
Photos of Spiny chromis on Sealife Collection
January 01, 1970
spiny, chromis, spiny, chromis, acanthochromis, polyacanthus, species, damselfish, from, western, pacific, only, member, genus, acanthochromis, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, phylum. The spiny chromis Acanthochromis polyacanthus is a species of damselfish from the western Pacific 2 It is the only member of the genus Acanthochromis Spiny chromis Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Family Pomacentridae Subfamily Pomacentrinae Genus AcanthochromisGill 1863 Species A polyacanthus Binomial name Acanthochromis polyacanthus Bleeker 1855 Synonyms ListDascyllus polyacanthus Bleeker 1855 Homalogrystes guntheri Alleyne amp Macleay 1877 Heptadecanthus longicaudis Alleyne amp Macleay 1877 Heptadecanthus brevipinnis De Vis 1885 Heptadecanthus maculosus De Vis 1885 Abudefduf jordani Seale 1906 Chromis desmostigma Fowler amp Bean 1928 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Description 4 Ecology 4 1 Diet 5 Life Cycle 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy editThe spiny chromis was first formally described in 1855 as Dascyllus polyacanthus by the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker with the type locality given as Batman in the Moluccas It is the only species in the genus Acanthochromis 3 The genus name is a compound of acanthus meaning spine probably a reference to the 17 dorsal fin spines and Chromis presumably referring to a relationship to that genus The specific name polyacanthus means many spined 4 Distribution and habitat editThe spiny chromis is found in the western Pacific Ocean 2 It is found in western and central Indonesia Papua New Guinea northern Australia and all the islands in the Philippines except Luzon 2 They are also found in Melanesia This fish usually lives in coral reefs This fish is found at a depth range of 1 to 65 metres 3 3 to 213 3 ft but is usually found at a depth range of 4 to 20 metres 13 to 66 ft 2 Description editSpiny chromis individuals can grow up to a maximum size of 14 centimetres 5 5 in as adults 2 Its fins have 17 dorsal spines 14 to 16 dorsal rays 2 anal spines and 14 to 16 anal rays 2 This fish is gray on the front and white on the back The ratio of grey to white varies by specific reef as there is little interbreeding between reefs due to lack of pelagic larval period Grey color can range from a blue grey to brown as the fish matures The top of its dorsal fin and the bottom of its anal fin is black Some individuals are gray with a yellow horizontal line in the middle Ecology editDiet edit This fish is planktonivorous and algivorous and steals algae from algae farming species of damselfish Younger individuals have been known to eat mucus off the adults 5 6 Life Cycle editThe spiny chromis unlike many other coral reef fishes has direct development of their larvae which means that the parents protect their brood from the egg stage which are laid on the reef through hatching and onto the fully developed juvenile stage 7 There is no pelagic larval stage unlike the vast majority of coral reef fishes This form of direct development means that the offspring often take up residence on the reef not far from where they were hatched Consequently high levels of local adaptation to their local environment has been recorded in this species 8 References edit Jenkins A Carpenter K E Allen G amp Yeeting B 2017 Acanthochromis polyacanthus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T188464A1878808 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 2 RLTS T188464A1878808 en a b c d e f Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2008 Acanthochromis polyacanthus in FishBase December 2008 version Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Species in the genus Acanthochromis Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 12 July 2021 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 27 February 2021 Series OVALENTARIA Incertae sedis Family POMACENTRIDAE The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 12 July 2021 Acanthochromis polyacanthus on Australian Museum Australian Museum Retrieved on January 3 2014 https fishesofaustralia net au home species 311 summary Bleeker 1855 retrieved October 23 2023 Kavanagh K 2000 Larval brooding in the marine damselfish Acanthochromis polyacanthus Pomacentridae is correlated with highly divergent morphology ontogeny and life history traits Bulletin of Marine Science 66 321 337 Fulton CJ Binning SA Wainwright PC Bellwood DR 2013 Wave induced abiotic stress shapes phenotypic diversity within a coral reef fish across a geographical cline Coral Reefs 32 685 689 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acanthochromis polyacanthus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Spiny chromis Photos of Spiny chromis on Sealife Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spiny chromis amp oldid 1181766368, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
