Irtysh (Russian: Иртыш),[2] also named Soyuz-5 (Russian: Союз-5), formerly codenamed Fenix in Russian and Sunkar (Kazakh: Сұңқар, lit. 'falcon') in Kazakh, is a planned Russian rocket that is being developed by JSC SRC Progress within the "Project Feniks" (Russian: Феникс, lit. 'phoenix'). Initially it will replace the capability of Zenit-2 and Proton Medium, and in the future will serve as the base of a super heavy-lift launch vehicle rocket (Yenisei) to match the Energia/Buran capabilities. As of August 2023[update], Irtysh is expected to launch from the BaikonurBaiterek, the ex Zenit-2 launch site, in a partnership with the government of Kazakhstan, with a planned debut in December 2025.[1][3]
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The current proposal is led by JSC SRC Progress, with support by Khrunichev and Makeyev, additionally, RSC Energia would handle the launch site, and supply the Blok DM-03, while Roscosmos would finance the development through the Project Fenicks under the 2016–2025 Russian space master plan. KazCosmos would also be a partner since the initial launch pad would be at Baikonur CosmodromeSite 45 in Kazakhstan, within the framework of the Baiterek bi-national joint venture, and International Launch Services (ILS) would commercialize its services for the international market.[4][5]
The initial application of the launch vehicle would be to cover the under 5 t (5.5 tons) to GTO commercial launch segment. With the loss of the Zenit-3SLB due to Russian conflicts with Ukraine, both the decision not to develop Angara A3 and launch Angara A5 from Vostochny, the Baiterek project was without a launch vehicle. The 2016 announcement of the Proton Medium and Light meant that ILS could enter the medium GTO launch market, but since the Kazakh government desired to deprecate the use of highly toxic hypergolic propellants used by Proton, they would need a replacement.[4][5]
For this commercial application, JSC SRC Progress proposed the Soyuz-5 in early 2016. It would start with this commercial application with the prospect of also enabling a super heavy launcher with a 80 t (88 tons) payload capability to low Earth orbit.[4][5] The Kazakh side agreed on the general terms, but the investment share was left to decide. As part of the 2016 arrangements, the Kazakh government would get ownership of one of the Proton launch pads, and participate in the operations of Proton-Medium and Proton-Light.[6] Then, they would get to participate in the Irtysh launchers since its expected debut in 2024.[3] As of August 2023 further delays in the construction of the launch site and in the development of the rocket pushed the date of the maiden flight to December 2025.[1]
Four test launches are planned before the development is considered complete.[7]
Development of the Irtysh is expected to face delays, as the necessary modification of the launch pad at Site 45 for launching the Irtysh has been delayed, starting only in late 2021.[8] Western Sanctions following the Russian Invasion of Ukraine further slowed operations. In July 2022, Dmitry Rogozin, then CEO of Roscosmos, admitted that construction would be postponed by six months to one year.[8]
In March 2023, it became public that the Baiterek Kazakh-Russian joint venture in charge of the site had seized the facility after filing a claim of about 2 billion rubles (30.3 million US-Dollar) to TsENKI, a Roscosmos subsidiary in charge of handling ground-based infrastructure, as Roscosmos had failed its obligation to conduct an environmental impact assessment of Site 45, causing additional delays.[9]
VehicleEdit
Soyuz-5, as proposed in 2016, leverages existing propulsion and tooling, while enabling a platform that would replace the lost capabilities of the Zenit family, replace the Proton Light/Medium, and could serve as the boosters of a new super heavy rocket. It will initially be a two-stage rocket, but could be enhanced with an optional Blok DM-03 for geostationary missions. It would be compatible with most of the Zenit's ground infrastructure, and even use the Site 45 at Baikonur.[5]
Its tanks would be 4.1 m (13 ft) in diameter, which would enable the re use of Proton tooling. Since they would be wider than Zenit, (3.9 m (13 ft)) it would enable a higher propellant load for the same height. While this diameter enables a heavier rocket and is already compatible with train transport to Baikonur, it would prevent that cheap method for Vostochny Cosmodrome. It would use the relatively environmental friendly RP-1/LOX propellant, which would be an improvement over the highly toxic hypergolics of Proton. This has been a requirement from the Kazakh government for new projects.[4][5]
The first stage would be powered by an RD-171MV, very similar to the RD-171M used in Zenit 2 and 3. With a height of 37.14 m (121.9 ft) it would be higher than Zenit's first stage (32.94 m (108.1 ft)) and wider, and thus it could carry 363 t (400 tons) of propellant versus 290 t (320 tons). Its base would still feature a 3.68 m (12.1 ft) aft section for compatibility with Zenit's pad and support infrastructure.[4][5][10]
Its second stage would measure 7.77 m (25.5 ft) by 4.1 m (13 ft) in diameter, with a dry mass of 5.9 t (6.5 tons) and an RG-1/LOX load of 59 t (65 tons). It would be powered by two RD-0124MS engines, each having four nozzles arranged in a semicircle. So, two engines would feature eight total nozzles close to the rocket perimeter, forming a circle. This arrangement would minimize the stage length, while keeping the engines' excellent specific impulse.[4][5][10][11]
With a gross mass of 484 t (534 tons) against Zenit 430 t (470 tons), and the improved efficiency of its second stage, it could launch 16 t (18 tons) to a 200 km circular orbit with an inclination of 51.6° to the Equator from Baikonur. This is a significant improvement over Zenit, which could only place roughly 12 t (13 tons) to the same orbit.[4][5][10][12]
For geostationary launch missions, it could optionally be equipped with a Blok DM-03 third stage. Since it would use the same propellant and is already used on the Zenit-3SL and Angara A5, it would be a low risk option.[4][5] The expected performance of 4.5 t (5.0 tons) to GTO and 2.3 t (2.5 tons) to GSO, it would improve over Zenit-3SLB 3.6 t (4.0 tons) and 1.59 t (1.75 tons).[5][13][10]
The Irtysh first stage could be used as the boosters (and even core) of the super heavy rocket Yenisei capable of launching 73 t (80 tons) to low Earth orbit from Baikonur or Vostochny. Improving the performance to 120 t (130 tons) and even 160 t (180 tons) was considered possible with this architecture. While the current 2016-2025 plan for deep space exploration calls for the use of the heavy Angara 5V, it would just enable 36 t (40 tons), requiring up to four launches for a single Moon mission, and would also require the use of expensive hydrogen as fuel. The Yenisei would simplify the mission while using readily available Irtysh first stages.[14][5][10][12]
See alsoEdit
Proton-M – Russian heavy lift launcher which uses hypergolic fuel
Zenit rocket family – Soviet (now Ukrainian) RP-1/LOX fueled rocket, for satellite launch
Soyuz-7 rocket family – Proposed reusable Russian rocket designPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Rus-M – Canceled Russian proposal for a crewed launch vehicle
ReferencesEdit
^ abc"First launch of Soyuz-5 rocket due Dec 24, 2025". TASS. 17 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^"В Роскосмосе подтвердили информацию о новом названии ракеты "Союз-5"". РИА Новости (in Russian). 4 December 2018.
^ ab"Рогозин сообщил, что работы по реконструкции стартового стола под "Союз-5" начнутся летом" [Rogozin states that reconstruction work on the launch pad for Soyuz-5 will begin in the summer]. TASS (in Russian). 7 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
^ abcdefgh [Russian-Kazakh launcher "Sunkar" will be built in Samara in 2024]. Izvestia. 2016-08-25. Archived from the original on 2016-09-15. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
^ abcdefghijkZak, Anatoly (2017-11-13). "Russia charts new path to super rocket". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
^ [Russia will give Kazakhstan launch facility for the "Proton" rocket]. Izvestia. 2016-08-22. Archived from the original on 2016-09-15. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
^"Роскосмос запустит четыре ракеты "Иртыш" в рамках летных испытаний" [Roscosmos to perform four test launches of Irtysh rockets] (in Russian). TASS. 7 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
^ abAnatoly Zak. "Zenit launch facility in Baikonur". russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
^Williams, Matt (27 March 2023). "Kazakhstan Seizes Russia's Launch Facility at Baikonur". universetoday.com.
^"РОСКОСМОС. КОМИССИЯ ПРИНЯЛА ЭСКИЗНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ РН «СОЮЗ-5»" [Roscosmos commission has approved preliminary design of Soyuz-5] (in Russian). 11 April 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
^ abZak, Anatoly (2018-02-16). "Preliminary design for Soyuz-5 races to completion". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
^(PDF). Space International Services. 2014-10-01. p. 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
^""Роскосмос" создаст новую сверхтяжелую ракету" [Roscosmos to create a new super-heavy launcher]. Izvestia. 2016-08-22. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
External linksEdit
Anatoly Zak's page on the Sunkar
October 19, 2023
irtysh, rocket, irtysh, russian, Иртыш, also, named, soyuz, russian, Союз, formerly, codenamed, fenix, russian, sunkar, kazakh, Сұңқар, falcon, kazakh, planned, russian, rocket, that, being, developed, progress, within, project, feniks, russian, Феникс, phoeni. Irtysh Russian Irtysh 2 also named Soyuz 5 Russian Soyuz 5 formerly codenamed Fenix in Russian and Sunkar Kazakh Sunkar lit falcon in Kazakh is a planned Russian rocket that is being developed by JSC SRC Progress within the Project Feniks Russian Feniks lit phoenix Initially it will replace the capability of Zenit 2 and Proton Medium and in the future will serve as the base of a super heavy lift launch vehicle rocket Yenisei to match the Energia Buran capabilities As of August 2023 update Irtysh is expected to launch from the Baikonur Baiterek the ex Zenit 2 launch site in a partnership with the government of Kazakhstan with a planned debut in December 2025 1 3 IrtyshSoyuz 5 on the right FunctionOrbital Launch VehicleManufacturerJSC SRC Progress RKK EnergiaCountry of originRussiaProject cost61 2 billionSizeHeight61 9 m 203 ft uncrewed 65 9 m 216 ft crewed Diameter4 1 m 13 ft Mass530 000 kg 1 170 000 lb Stages3CapacityPayload to LEOMass18 000 kg uncrewed 15 500 kg crewed Payload to GTOMass5 000 kg 11 000 lb Associated rocketsComparableZenit 2 Proton M Falcon 9 Falcon Heavy Atlas V 541 Ariane 5 ES H IIB Long March 5Launch historyStatusIn developmentLaunch sitesBaikonur BaiterekFirst flight2025 planned 1 First stageHeight37 14 m 121 9 ft Diameter4 1 m 13 ft Empty mass27 700 kg 61 100 lb Propellant mass363 000 kg 800 000 lb Powered byRD 171MVMaximum thrust7 257 kN 1 631 000 lbf Specific impulse309 seconds 3 03 km s PropellantRP 1 LOXSecond stageHeight7 77 m 25 5 ft Diameter4 1 m 13 ft Empty mass5 900 kg 13 000 lb Propellant mass59 000 kg 130 000 lb Powered by2 RD 0124MSMaximum thrust294 3 kN 66 200 lbf Specific impulse359 seconds 3 52 km s PropellantRP 1 LOXThird stage Blok DM 03 optional Height6 28 m 20 6 ft Diameter3 7 m 12 ft Propellant mass18 700 kg 41 200 lb Powered byRD 58MFMaximum thrust49 03 kN 11 020 lbf Specific impulse353 seconds 3 46 km s PropellantRP 1 LOX edit on Wikidata You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 2 905 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Irtysh raketa nositel see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ru Irtysh raketa nositel to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Contents 1 Project organization 2 Vehicle 3 Soyuz 5 Super Heavy Yenisei 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksProject organization EditThe current proposal is led by JSC SRC Progress with support by Khrunichev and Makeyev additionally RSC Energia would handle the launch site and supply the Blok DM 03 while Roscosmos would finance the development through the Project Fenicks under the 2016 2025 Russian space master plan KazCosmos would also be a partner since the initial launch pad would be at Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 45 in Kazakhstan within the framework of the Baiterek bi national joint venture and International Launch Services ILS would commercialize its services for the international market 4 5 The initial application of the launch vehicle would be to cover the under 5 t 5 5 tons to GTO commercial launch segment With the loss of the Zenit 3SLB due to Russian conflicts with Ukraine both the decision not to develop Angara A3 and launch Angara A5 from Vostochny the Baiterek project was without a launch vehicle The 2016 announcement of the Proton Medium and Light meant that ILS could enter the medium GTO launch market but since the Kazakh government desired to deprecate the use of highly toxic hypergolic propellants used by Proton they would need a replacement 4 5 For this commercial application JSC SRC Progress proposed the Soyuz 5 in early 2016 It would start with this commercial application with the prospect of also enabling a super heavy launcher with a 80 t 88 tons payload capability to low Earth orbit 4 5 The Kazakh side agreed on the general terms but the investment share was left to decide As part of the 2016 arrangements the Kazakh government would get ownership of one of the Proton launch pads and participate in the operations of Proton Medium and Proton Light 6 Then they would get to participate in the Irtysh launchers since its expected debut in 2024 3 As of August 2023 further delays in the construction of the launch site and in the development of the rocket pushed the date of the maiden flight to December 2025 1 Four test launches are planned before the development is considered complete 7 Development of the Irtysh is expected to face delays as the necessary modification of the launch pad at Site 45 for launching the Irtysh has been delayed starting only in late 2021 8 Western Sanctions following the Russian Invasion of Ukraine further slowed operations In July 2022 Dmitry Rogozin then CEO of Roscosmos admitted that construction would be postponed by six months to one year 8 In March 2023 it became public that the Baiterek Kazakh Russian joint venture in charge of the site had seized the facility after filing a claim of about 2 billion rubles 30 3 million US Dollar to TsENKI a Roscosmos subsidiary in charge of handling ground based infrastructure as Roscosmos had failed its obligation to conduct an environmental impact assessment of Site 45 causing additional delays 9 Vehicle EditSoyuz 5 as proposed in 2016 leverages existing propulsion and tooling while enabling a platform that would replace the lost capabilities of the Zenit family replace the Proton Light Medium and could serve as the boosters of a new super heavy rocket It will initially be a two stage rocket but could be enhanced with an optional Blok DM 03 for geostationary missions It would be compatible with most of the Zenit s ground infrastructure and even use the Site 45 at Baikonur 5 Its tanks would be 4 1 m 13 ft in diameter which would enable the re use of Proton tooling Since they would be wider than Zenit 3 9 m 13 ft it would enable a higher propellant load for the same height While this diameter enables a heavier rocket and is already compatible with train transport to Baikonur it would prevent that cheap method for Vostochny Cosmodrome It would use the relatively environmental friendly RP 1 LOX propellant which would be an improvement over the highly toxic hypergolics of Proton This has been a requirement from the Kazakh government for new projects 4 5 The first stage would be powered by an RD 171MV very similar to the RD 171M used in Zenit 2 and 3 With a height of 37 14 m 121 9 ft it would be higher than Zenit s first stage 32 94 m 108 1 ft and wider and thus it could carry 363 t 400 tons of propellant versus 290 t 320 tons Its base would still feature a 3 68 m 12 1 ft aft section for compatibility with Zenit s pad and support infrastructure 4 5 10 Its second stage would measure 7 77 m 25 5 ft by 4 1 m 13 ft in diameter with a dry mass of 5 9 t 6 5 tons and an RG 1 LOX load of 59 t 65 tons It would be powered by two RD 0124MS engines each having four nozzles arranged in a semicircle So two engines would feature eight total nozzles close to the rocket perimeter forming a circle This arrangement would minimize the stage length while keeping the engines excellent specific impulse 4 5 10 11 With a gross mass of 484 t 534 tons against Zenit 430 t 470 tons and the improved efficiency of its second stage it could launch 16 t 18 tons to a 200 km circular orbit with an inclination of 51 6 to the Equator from Baikonur This is a significant improvement over Zenit which could only place roughly 12 t 13 tons to the same orbit 4 5 10 12 For geostationary launch missions it could optionally be equipped with a Blok DM 03 third stage Since it would use the same propellant and is already used on the Zenit 3SL and Angara A5 it would be a low risk option 4 5 The expected performance of 4 5 t 5 0 tons to GTO and 2 3 t 2 5 tons to GSO it would improve over Zenit 3SLB 3 6 t 4 0 tons and 1 59 t 1 75 tons 5 13 10 Soyuz 5 Super Heavy Yenisei EditMain article Yenisei rocket The Irtysh first stage could be used as the boosters and even core of the super heavy rocket Yenisei capable of launching 73 t 80 tons to low Earth orbit from Baikonur or Vostochny Improving the performance to 120 t 130 tons and even 160 t 180 tons was considered possible with this architecture While the current 2016 2025 plan for deep space exploration calls for the use of the heavy Angara 5V it would just enable 36 t 40 tons requiring up to four launches for a single Moon mission and would also require the use of expensive hydrogen as fuel The Yenisei would simplify the mission while using readily available Irtysh first stages 14 5 10 12 See also EditProton M Russian heavy lift launcher which uses hypergolic fuel Zenit rocket family Soviet now Ukrainian RP 1 LOX fueled rocket for satellite launch Soyuz 7 rocket family Proposed reusable Russian rocket designPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Angara Russian family of space launch vehicles Rus M Canceled Russian proposal for a crewed launch vehicleReferences Edit a b c First launch of Soyuz 5 rocket due Dec 24 2025 TASS 17 August 2023 Retrieved 18 August 2023 V Roskosmose podtverdili informaciyu o novom nazvanii rakety Soyuz 5 RIA Novosti in Russian 4 December 2018 a b Rogozin soobshil chto raboty po rekonstrukcii startovogo stola pod Soyuz 5 nachnutsya letom Rogozin states that reconstruction work on the launch pad for Soyuz 5 will begin in the summer TASS in Russian 7 February 2021 Retrieved 9 February 2021 a b c d e f g h Rossijsko kazahstanskuyu raketu Sunkar postroyat v Samare k 2024 godu Russian Kazakh launcher Sunkar will be built in Samara in 2024 Izvestia 2016 08 25 Archived from the original on 2016 09 15 Retrieved 2016 09 16 a b c d e f g h i j k Zak Anatoly 2017 11 13 Russia charts new path to super rocket RussianSpaceWeb Retrieved 2018 02 26 Rossiya peredast Kazahstanu puskovoj kompleks dlya raket Proton Russia will give Kazakhstan launch facility for the Proton rocket Izvestia 2016 08 22 Archived from the original on 2016 09 15 Retrieved 2016 09 16 Roskosmos zapustit chetyre rakety Irtysh v ramkah letnyh ispytanij Roscosmos to perform four test launches of Irtysh rockets in Russian TASS 7 March 2019 Retrieved 17 March 2019 a b Anatoly Zak Zenit launch facility in Baikonur russianspaceweb com Retrieved 5 April 2023 Williams Matt 27 March 2023 Kazakhstan Seizes Russia s Launch Facility at Baikonur universetoday com a b c d e Zak Anatoly 2018 02 16 Russia s new next manned rocket detailed RussianSpaceWeb Retrieved 2018 02 26 ROSKOSMOS KOMISSIYa PRINYaLA ESKIZNYJ PROEKT RN SOYuZ 5 Roscosmos commission has approved preliminary design of Soyuz 5 in Russian 11 April 2018 Retrieved 17 March 2019 a b Zak Anatoly 2018 02 16 Preliminary design for Soyuz 5 races to completion RussianSpaceWeb Retrieved 2018 02 26 Land Launch User s Guide PDF Space International Services 2014 10 01 p 43 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 06 25 Retrieved 2016 09 16 Roskosmos sozdast novuyu sverhtyazheluyu raketu Roscosmos to create a new super heavy launcher Izvestia 2016 08 22 Retrieved 2016 09 16 External links EditAnatoly Zak s page on the Sunkar Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Irtysh rocket amp oldid 1171072228, 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