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Southern Scots

October 27, 2023

Southern Scots is the dialect (or group of dialects) of Scots spoken in the Scottish Borders counties of mid and east Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire,[1][2] with the notable exception of Berwickshire and Peeblesshire, which are, like Edinburgh, part of the SE Central Scots dialect area.[3][4] It may also be known as Border Scots, the Border tongue or by the names of the towns inside the South Scots area,[citation needed] for example Teri in Hawick from the phrase Teribus ye teri odin. Towns where South Scots dialects are spoken include Earlston, Galashiels (Gala or Galae), Hawick, Jedburgh (Jethart), Kelso (Kelsae), Langholm, Lockerbie, Newcastleton (Copshaw or Copshawholm), St. Boswells (Bosells) and Selkirk.

Phonology edit

Southern Scots phonology is generally similar to that of the neighbouring Central Scots varieties; however, some vowel realisations may differ markedly.

  • ch may be realised /xw/ after back vowels,[5] for example lauch (laugh) and sauch (willow). The cluster och is often realised /ɔux/,[5] for example bocht (bought), coch (cough), dochter (daughter), focht (fought), socht (sought)and troch (trough) often written bowcht, cowch, dowchter, fowcht, sowcht and trowch in dialect writing. After front vowels the realisation is /ç/, occasionally with a yod-glide before it.[5]
  • ld and nd are usually elided to /l/ and /n/ in East Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire.[6]
  • a (vowel 17) is often /æ/.[7] Note final a (vowel 12) in awa (away), twa (two) and wha (who) is often realised /eː/, often written awae, twae and whae in dialect writing.
  • aw and au (vowel 12) may be realised /ɒː/ rather than /ɑː/ or /ɔː/ as in Central Scots dialects, for example aw (all), cauld (cold), braw (handsome), faw (fall) and snaw (snow), often written using a(a) in dialect writing.
  • In some areas ai or a(consonant)e (vowel 4 or 8) may be realised /ɪə/[8] rather that /e(ː)/, for example baith (both), braid (broad), cake, claes (clothes), grape (grope), kail (cole), laid (load), laif (loaf), made, raip (rope), saip (soap) often written beeath, breead, keeak, cleeaz, greeap, keeal, leead, leeaf, meead, reeap, seeap in dialect writing. When the vowel occurs initially the realisation is often /jɪ/ for example acre, aik (oak), aits, (oats), ale, ane (one) and ance (once) often written yicker, yick, yits, yill, yin and yince in dialect writing. Similarly after /h/ in hale (whole), hame (home) and hairse (hoarse) often written hyil, hyim and hyirs(c)h) in dialect writing. The realisation /ɪə/ may also occur for final ae in for example spae (foretell).
  • In some varieties e (vowel 16) may be realised /æ/[7] rather than /ɛ/, for example bed, het (heated), yett (gate), etc.
  • Final ee (vowel 11) is usually realised /ei/,[7] for example dree (endure), flee (fly), lee (lie, fib), see, thee (thigh) and tree, often written drei or drey, flei or fley, lei or ley, sei, sey, thei or theye and trei or trey in dialect writing.
  • eu (vowel 7 before /k/ and /x/ see ui) is often realised /iu/,[8] for example beuk (book), eneuch (enough), ceuk (cook), leuk (look) and teuk (took).
  • ou, also oo (vowel 6) when final is realised /ʌu/,[8] for example brou (brow), cou (cow), dou (dove), hou (how), nou (now), fou (full), pou (pull), sou (sow), allou (allow), throu (through) and you often represented by ow(e) in dialect writing.
  • ow,[9] owe (root final) (vowel 13) may be /ɔu/ rather than /ʌu/ in bowe (bow), howe (hollow), knowe (knoll), cowp (overturn), yowe (ewe), etc.[10]
  • ui (vowel 7) is often realised /ø/ or /y/,[8] however an unrounded realisation as in Central Scots is now widespread, for example, abuin (above), cuit (ankle) and guid (good). Unrounding to [eː] is now common in adae (ado), buird (board), dae (do), fluir (floor), fuird (ford), shae (shoe) and tae (to~too).

Grammar edit

The present participle and gerund in may be differentiated /ən/ and /in/,[5] for example, He wis aye gutteran aboot. and He's fond o guttereen aboot.

Literature edit

Sample text edit

From Mang Howes an Knowes by Elliot Cowan Smith (1891–1917)

Yet, yince in a day, thir braes hed seen unco sichts. Thonder was the moniment A jaloozed ti be the Lilliard's Edge Memorial, so that A was stannin on bluiddy Ancrum Muir. Nae cannie daffin bull- reel splore that fearfih fecht, whan the Dooglas an the Scott wrait off a wheen auld scores an saw day-aboot wui the auld-enemy.

Threh the mids o thir verra busses wad stert the huirn oo read aboot in oor bulks: ilk sheuch an heidie-hole i thir verra rigs was den for fairce sodgers in fechtin-graith-Scots an Ingleesh in a fraineeshin, fidgin mad-keen ti teer the harrigals oot o other; ilk lirk o thir knowes wad heide the gear o war. Hei'd little need be hen-herteet that hed ti beer the ramstam onfaa threh whan the slogan waekent the waller an sterteet the fray i the gray-daylicht,-eendon throwe aa the grewsome mowlie-; whan billies fell seide-be- seide till the brae-face was traisselt an the gress ran reid wui bluid; whan naigs an troopers-the deed- ruckle glutherin i-ther weizants-war cowpeet inti ilka seike, heeds an thraws,-on till the derkeneen rowed its hap roond deed an dei-in, an garrd the hyill yins devall an take a barley. Oor forebears an ther Southron neebers coodna sit soft ava i thae days: they war everly natterin an fechtin. An-sic veeshyis fechteen as it was, tui! Folk are muckle ti mean that beide on aether seide o the Mairches atween twae prood an towty countries 'at canna grei an are aye cuissen-oot. The Borderers lang syne geh thersels an awfih leife o'd. Theirs was nae canty doon-sitteen!

Duist a hip-step-an-a-lowp, an A cam on o an- other kenspeckle landmerk-Peinelheuch. This eez the saicant sic column, A've haar'tell; for, yeh gowsty nicht (wui a wund fit ti blaw doors oot wundihs) a turbleent woare as the ordnar dang doon the firsst Peinelheuch moniment (the whulk, A unk, maun heh been buggen keinda jingle-jointeet, or maim heh cowblt on ov a gey coaggly foond ; ony o the ways, it geh a steiter, an yownt-owre it tirlt!) Bit Border folk are no that easy bett ; they juist paat up a moniment fer better an brawer be what the auld yin was. An now, aabody stravaigin the Borderland-gangers an reiders-sood ken Peinelheuch.

A'd breesteet the brae now, an the road swaipeet doon afore iz. Ay! doon ti ma caav-grund o Teviot- dale-an A lilteet a sang an whewed an yuooted, leike as A'd gane wuth, an laap an flaang as yauld-as a wuddie—boondin bleithely on wui ma' airms shuggiein lowce threh ma oxters. A was abuin-the- woarlt! A was naether ti haud nor ti binnd! If onybody hed eyed iz, hei'd heh thocht A was shuir ready for Bowden!!

References edit

  1. ^ . Dsl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  2. ^ "Wir Ain Leed dialect map".
  3. ^ . Dsl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  4. ^ . Dsl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 12 June 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d . Dsl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  6. ^ . Dsl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  7. ^ a b c . Dsl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  8. ^ a b c d "SND Introduction – Dialect Districts. p.xxix". Dsl.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  9. ^ "SND:O 3 (4)(ii)". Dsl.ac.uk. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  10. ^ . Dsl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

External links edit

  • Southern Scots

October 27, 2023
southern, scots, this, article, section, should, specify, language, english, content, using, lang, transliteration, transliterated, languages, phonetic, transcriptions, with, appropriate, code, wikipedia, multilingual, support, templates, also, used, june, 202. This article or section should specify the language of its non English content using lang transliteration for transliterated languages and IPA for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate ISO 639 code Wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used See why June 2020 Southern Scots is the dialect or group of dialects of Scots spoken in the Scottish Borders counties of mid and east Dumfriesshire Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire 1 2 with the notable exception of Berwickshire and Peeblesshire which are like Edinburgh part of the SE Central Scots dialect area 3 4 It may also be known as Border Scots the Border tongue or by the names of the towns inside the South Scots area citation needed for example Teri in Hawick from the phrase Teribus ye teri odin Towns where South Scots dialects are spoken include Earlston Galashiels Gala or Galae Hawick Jedburgh Jethart Kelso Kelsae Langholm Lockerbie Newcastleton Copshaw or Copshawholm St Boswells Bosells and Selkirk Contents 1 Phonology 2 Grammar 3 Literature 3 1 Sample text 4 References 5 External linksPhonology editSouthern Scots phonology is generally similar to that of the neighbouring Central Scots varieties however some vowel realisations may differ markedly ch may be realised xw after back vowels 5 for example lauch laugh and sauch willow The cluster och is often realised ɔux 5 for example bocht bought coch cough dochter daughter focht fought socht sought and troch trough often written bowcht cowch dowchter fowcht sowcht and trowch in dialect writing After front vowels the realisation is c occasionally with a yod glide before it 5 ld and nd are usually elided to l and n in East Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire 6 a vowel 17 is often ae 7 Note final a vowel 12 in awa away twa two and wha who is often realised eː often written awae twae and whae in dialect writing aw and au vowel 12 may be realised ɒː rather than ɑː or ɔː as in Central Scots dialects for example aw all cauld cold braw handsome faw fall and snaw snow often written using a a in dialect writing In some areas ai or a consonant e vowel 4 or 8 may be realised ɪe 8 rather that e ː for example baith both braid broad cake claes clothes grape grope kail cole laid load laif loaf made raip rope saip soap often written beeath breead keeak cleeaz greeap keeal leead leeaf meead reeap seeap in dialect writing When the vowel occurs initially the realisation is often jɪ for example acre aik oak aits oats ale ane one and ance once often written yicker yick yits yill yin and yince in dialect writing Similarly after h in hale whole hame home and hairse hoarse often written hyil hyim and hyirs c h in dialect writing The realisation ɪe may also occur for final ae in for example spae foretell In some varieties e vowel 16 may be realised ae 7 rather than ɛ for example bed het heated yett gate etc Final ee vowel 11 is usually realised ei 7 for example dree endure flee fly lee lie fib see thee thigh and tree often written drei or drey flei or fley lei or ley sei sey thei or theye and trei or trey in dialect writing eu vowel 7 before k and x see ui is often realised iu 8 for example beuk book eneuch enough ceuk cook leuk look and teuk took ou also oo vowel 6 when final is realised ʌu 8 for example brou brow cou cow dou dove hou how nou now fou full pou pull sou sow allou allow throu through and you often represented by ow e in dialect writing ow 9 owe root final vowel 13 may be ɔu rather than ʌu in bowe bow howe hollow knowe knoll cowp overturn yowe ewe etc 10 ui vowel 7 is often realised o or y 8 however an unrounded realisation as in Central Scots is now widespread for example abuin above cuit ankle and guid good Unrounding to eː is now common in adae ado buird board dae do fluir floor fuird ford shae shoe and tae to too Grammar editThe present participle and gerund in may be differentiated en and in 5 for example He wis aye gutteran aboot and He s fond o guttereen aboot Literature editSample text edit From Mang Howes an Knowes by Elliot Cowan Smith 1891 1917 Yet yince in a day thir braes hed seen unco sichts Thonder was the moniment A jaloozed ti be the Lilliard s Edge Memorial so that A was stannin on bluiddy Ancrum Muir Nae cannie daffin bull reel splore that fearfih fecht whan the Dooglas an the Scott wrait off a wheen auld scores an saw day aboot wui the auld enemy Threh the mids o thir verra busses wad stert the huirn oo read aboot in oor bulks ilk sheuch an heidie hole i thir verra rigs was den for fairce sodgers in fechtin graith Scots an Ingleesh in a fraineeshin fidgin mad keen ti teer the harrigals oot o other ilk lirk o thir knowes wad heide the gear o war Hei d little need be hen herteet that hed ti beer the ramstam onfaa threh whan the slogan waekent the waller an sterteet the fray i the gray daylicht eendon throwe aa the grewsome mowlie whan billies fell seide be seide till the brae face was traisselt an the gress ran reid wui bluid whan naigs an troopers the deed ruckle glutherin i ther weizants war cowpeet inti ilka seike heeds an thraws on till the derkeneen rowed its hap roond deed an dei in an garrd the hyill yins devall an take a barley Oor forebears an ther Southron neebers coodna sit soft ava i thae days they war everly natterin an fechtin An sic veeshyis fechteen as it was tui Folk are muckle ti mean that beide on aether seide o the Mairches atween twae prood an towty countries at canna grei an are aye cuissen oot The Borderers lang syne geh thersels an awfih leife o d Theirs was nae canty doon sitteen Duist a hip step an a lowp an A cam on o an other kenspeckle landmerk Peinelheuch This eez the saicant sic column A ve haar tell for yeh gowsty nicht wui a wund fit ti blaw doors oot wundihs a turbleent woare as the ordnar dang doon the firsst Peinelheuch moniment the whulk A unk maun heh been buggen keinda jingle jointeet or maim heh cowblt on ov a gey coaggly foond ony o the ways it geh a steiter an yownt owre it tirlt Bit Border folk are no that easy bett they juist paat up a moniment fer better an brawer be what the auld yin was An now aabody stravaigin the Borderland gangers an reiders sood ken Peinelheuch A d breesteet the brae now an the road swaipeet doon afore iz Ay doon ti ma caav grund o Teviot dale an A lilteet a sang an whewed an yuooted leike as A d gane wuth an laap an flaang as yauld as a wuddie boondin bleithely on wui ma airms shuggiein lowce threh ma oxters A was abuin the woarlt A was naether ti haud nor ti binnd If onybody hed eyed iz hei d heh thocht A was shuir ready for Bowden References edit SND Introduction Dsl ac uk Archived from the original on 21 March 2012 Retrieved 9 February 2013 Wir Ain Leed dialect map Snd Maps Dsl ac uk Archived from the original on 24 May 2012 Retrieved 9 February 2013 Snd Introduction Dsl ac uk Archived from the original on 12 June 2012 Retrieved 9 February 2013 a b c d SND Introduction Dialect Districts p xxxi Dsl ac uk Archived from the original on 21 January 2012 Retrieved 21 May 2009 Introduction Dialect Districts Dsl ac uk Archived from the original on 21 January 2012 Retrieved 9 February 2013 a b c SND Introduction Dialect Districts p xxx Dsl ac uk Archived from the original on 19 August 2014 Retrieved 21 May 2009 a b c d SND Introduction Dialect Districts p xxix Dsl ac uk Retrieved 21 May 2009 SND O 3 4 ii Dsl ac uk Retrieved 9 February 2013 SND Introduction Dialect Districts Dsl ac uk Archived from the original on 19 August 2014 Retrieved 9 February 2013 External links editHawick News Lifestyle section containing a few articles in Southern Scots Southern Scots Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Southern Scots amp oldid 1086719943, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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