This article is about one of two different South African locomotive types to be designated "Class 16DA". For the other, see South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 1928.
The South African Railways Class 16DA 4-6-2 of 1930 is a class of steam locomotives.
South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 1930
No. 876 taking water at Thaba Nchu, 4 July 1999
Type and origin
♠ With 60 inch (1,524 mm) coupled wheels ♥ With 63 inch (1,600 mm) coupled wheels
In 1930, the South African Railways placed six redesigned Class 16DA steam locomotives with a 4-6-2 Pacific type wheel arrangement in passenger train service.[1][2][3][4]
An order for six locomotives for the South African Railways (SAR), similar to the Class 16DA Pacific type locomotives of 1928 and 1929 but built to an improved design, was placed with Henschel and Son of Kassel in Germany in 1930.[1][2]
CharacteristicsEdit
In an attempt to improve the steaming properties of further orders of Class 16DA locomotives, A.G. Watson, who had succeeded Colonel Collins as CME in 1929, designed a boiler of the Wootten type. It had a very wide firebox with a grate area of 60 square feet (5.574 square metres). Watson was a firm believer in large firegrates with enlarged blast pipe caps to give a reasonably low burning rate of fuel per unit of grate area, which improved boiler efficiency and reduced the emission of sparks and partially burnt fuel.[1][2][5]
The boiler itself was of the same dimensions as that of the earlier locomotives in terms of girth and length between tube plates, the only difference being in the tube arrangement. The enlarged firebox, however, had a firegrate area which was 33⅓% larger than the 45 square feet (4.181 square metres) of the earlier Hohenzollern- and Baldwin-built locomotives. It was of comparable proportions to those which would later be installed on the Class 15E and Class 23.[1][3][4]
This boiler and firebox was installed on these final six Class 16DA locomotives, numbered in the range from 874 to 879, which were built by Henschel and delivered in 1930. Compared to the earlier Hohenzollern- and Baldwin-built locomotives, the steaming ability of the six Henschel-built locomotives was phenomenal and led to the adoption of wide fireboxes without combustion chambers as the standard on all subsequent SAR mainline steam locomotives.[1][3][4][5][6]
The Henschel-built Class 16DA locomotives with their much wider fireboxes, their correspondingly larger grate areas and slightly larger diameter trailing wheels were sufficiently different from the Baldwin- and Hohenzollern-builts to justify a separate classification such as Class 16DB, but this did not happen and the locomotives ended up being known as the Wide Firebox or Boepens Class 16DA.[7]
ModificationsEdit
Five of these locomotives were delivered with Walschaerts valve gear. The last engine, no. 879, was built with Caprotti valve gear for experimental purposes. This rotary poppet valve gear was driven from a single gearbox on the centre of the driving axle. The valve gear was given a fair trial, but was eventually replaced with the standard Walschaerts valve gear in 1940.[1][2][8]
They were all delivered with 60 inches (1,520 millimetres) diameter coupled wheels and with their boiler operating pressure set at 195 pounds per square inch (1,340 kilopascals). Four of them were later retyred with 63 inches (1,600 millimetres) diameter tyres on their coupled wheels. At the same time, their operating boiler pressure was raised to 205 pounds per square inch (1,410 kilopascals) to not have their tractive effort reduced by the larger coupled wheels.[3][4]
When the larger tyres were fitted, the old tyres were left in position and turned down on the wheel centres to serve as liners and the new tyres were then shrunk on over the liners. The practice of increasing the diameter of coupled wheels, wheel spacing and other considerations permitting, was begun by A.G. Watson during his term in office and was continued by his successors. The reduction of tractive effort caused by the larger wheels was made up by increasing boiler pressures or by fitting larger cylinders or both, as required. This policy resulted in more mileage between heavy repairs, less cost-per-mile on repairs and locomotives capable of higher speeds.[2]
ServiceEdit
The locomotives were placed in service at Kimberley and took over the working of the Union Limited and Union Express between there and Johannesburg from the narrow firebox Class 16DA. They were never stationed at Braamfontein Loco in Johannesburg, but were serviced there in the process of working between Kimberley and Johannesburg. They also worked south from Kimberley to Beaufort West.[9][10]
When the Class 16E arrived in 1935, these Class 16DAs remained in service on the express trains in company with the new locomotives which were also stationed at Kimberley and also worked north to Johannesburg and south to Beaufort West.[9]
When new air-conditioned rolling stock was placed in service on the Union Limited and Union Express services between Cape Town and Johannesburg in 1939 to 1940, all the Class 16DA and Class 16E locomotives were transferred to Bloemfontein in the Free State. From here, they continued to work passenger trains north and south, including the Orange Express which was the premier passenger train passing through Bloemfontein. During the 1950s the Orange Express was worked almost exclusively by wide firebox Class 16DA and Class 16E locomotives between Bloemfontein and Kimberley. When the Class 15F replaced them, they were relegated to suburban and local passenger train work. The wide firebox Class 16DA were withdrawn from service in 1973.[5][8]
PreservationEdit
Number
Works number
THF / Private
Leaselend / Owner
Current Location
848
BALDWIN 60255
Private
Wanki Collery
Main Road
850
BALDWIN 60827
Private
Theunissen Municipality
Main Street
870
HOHENZOLLERN 4655
THF
Krugersdorp Locomotive Depot
876
HENSC 21752
THF
Transnet Heritage Foundation (Museum)
Bloemfontein Locomotive Depot
878
HENSC 21754
THF
Transnet Engineering
Bloemfontein Locomotive Depot
879
HENSC 21755
THF
Ceres Railway Company
Cape Town Station
Works numbersEdit
The table lists the Class 16DA engine numbers, works numbers and variations in coupled wheel sizes.[3][4]
No. 879 in dark blue Union Limited livery, c. 2002
ReferencesEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 1930.
^ abcdefHolland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 67–68. ISBN978-0-7153-5427-8.
^ abcdeEspitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1946). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, May 1946. pp. 375-376.
^ abcdeSouth African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 23-24.
^ abPaxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 67. ISBN0869772112.
^ abInformation supplied by Les Pivnic, retired Assistant Curator, South African Railway Museum
^Soul of A Railway, System 7, Western Transvaal, based in Johannesburg, Part 26: Braamfontein West to Klerksdorp (home signal) by Les Pivnic, Part 1. Caption 18. (Accessed on 6 May 2017)
October 24, 2023
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This article is about one of two different South African locomotive types to be designated Class 16DA For the other see South African Class 16DA 4 6 2 1928 The South African Railways Class 16DA 4 6 2 of 1930 is a class of steam locomotives South African Class 16DA 4 6 2 1930No 876 taking water at Thaba Nchu 4 July 1999Type and origin With 60 inch 1 524 mm coupled wheels With 63 inch 1 600 mm coupled wheelsPower typeSteamDesignerSouth African Railways A G Watson BuilderHenschel and SonSerial number21749 21754ModelClass 16DABuild date1930Total produced6SpecificationsConfiguration Whyte4 6 2 Pacific UIC2 C1 h2Driver2nd coupled axleGauge3 ft 6 in 1 067 mm Cape gaugeLeading dia 30 in 762 mm Coupled dia 60 in 1 524 mm 63 in 1 600 mm Trailing dia 34 in 864 mm Tender wheels34 in 864 mm Wheelbase60 ft 3 1 4 in 18 371 mm Engine30 ft 8 in 9 347 mm Leading6 ft 10 in 2 083 mm Coupled11 ft 3 353 mm Tender20 ft 5 in 6 223 mm Tender bogie6 ft 2 in 1 880 mm Length Over couplers68 ft 4 1 8 in 20 831 mm Height 12 ft 10 in 3 912 mm 12 ft 11 1 2 in 3 950 mm Frame typeBarAxle load 19 LT 10 cwt 19 810 kg 19 LT 15 cwt 1 qtr 20 080 kg Leading 17 LT 7 cwt 17 630 kg 1st coupled 19 LT 10 cwt 19 810 kg 19 LT 15 cwt 1 qtr 20 080 kg 2nd coupled 19 LT 7 cwt 3 qtr 19 700 kg 19 LT 13 cwt 19 970 kg 3rd coupled 19 LT 2 cwt 19 410 kg 19 LT 7 cwt 1 qtr 19 670 kg Trailing 15 LT 18 cwt 16 160 kg Tender bogieBogie 1 33 LT 18 cwt 34 440 kg Bogie 2 35 LT 10 cwt 36 070 kg Tender axle17 LT 15 cwt 18 030 kg Adhesive weight 57 LT 19 cwt 3 qtr 58 920 kg 58 LT 15 cwt 2 qtr 59 720 kg Loco weight 91 LT 4 cwt 3 qtr 92 700 kg 92 LT 0 cwt 2 qtr 93 500 kg Tender weight69 LT 8 cwt 70 510 kg Total weight 160 LT 12 cwt 3 qtr 163 200 kg 161 LT 8 cwt 2 qtr 164 000 kg Tender typeKT 2 axle bogies Fuel typeCoalFuel capacity14 LT 14 2 t Water cap 6 000 imp gal 27 300 L Firebox typeRound top Firegrate area60 sq ft 5 6 m2 Boiler Pitch 8 ft 6 in 2 591 mm 8 ft 7 1 2 in 2 629 mm Diameter5 ft 10 1 4 in 1 784 mm Tube plates17 ft 10 5 8 in 5 451 mm Small tubes142 2 1 4 in 57 mm Large tubes34 5 1 2 in 140 mm Boiler pressure 195 psi 1 344 kPa 205 psi 1 413 kPa Safety valvePopHeating surface2 565 sq ft 238 3 m2 Tubes2 371 sq ft 220 3 m2 Arch tubes22 sq ft 2 0 m2 Firebox172 sq ft 16 0 m2 Superheater Heating area620 sq ft 58 m2 CylindersTwoCylinder size23 in 584 mm bore26 in 660 mm strokeValve gearWalschaertsCaprotti No 879 as built Valve typePistonPoppet No 879 as built CouplersAAR knucklePerformance figuresTractive effort 33 530 lbf 149 1 kN 75 33 570 lbf 149 3 kN 75 CareerOperatorsSouth African RailwaysClassClass 16DANumber in class6Numbers874 879NicknamesBoepens Wide fireboxDelivered1930First run1930Withdrawn1973Disposition6 preserved remainder scrappedIn 1930 the South African Railways placed six redesigned Class 16DA steam locomotives with a 4 6 2 Pacific type wheel arrangement in passenger train service 1 2 3 4 Contents 1 Manufacturer 2 Characteristics 3 Modifications 4 Service 5 Preservation 6 Works numbers 7 Illustration 8 ReferencesManufacturer Edit nbsp 16Da 876 Builders PlateAn order for six locomotives for the South African Railways SAR similar to the Class 16DA Pacific type locomotives of 1928 and 1929 but built to an improved design was placed with Henschel and Son of Kassel in Germany in 1930 1 2 Characteristics Edit nbsp A G WatsonIn an attempt to improve the steaming properties of further orders of Class 16DA locomotives A G Watson who had succeeded Colonel Collins as CME in 1929 designed a boiler of the Wootten type It had a very wide firebox with a grate area of 60 square feet 5 574 square metres Watson was a firm believer in large firegrates with enlarged blast pipe caps to give a reasonably low burning rate of fuel per unit of grate area which improved boiler efficiency and reduced the emission of sparks and partially burnt fuel 1 2 5 The boiler itself was of the same dimensions as that of the earlier locomotives in terms of girth and length between tube plates the only difference being in the tube arrangement The enlarged firebox however had a firegrate area which was 33 larger than the 45 square feet 4 181 square metres of the earlier Hohenzollern and Baldwin built locomotives It was of comparable proportions to those which would later be installed on the Class 15E and Class 23 1 3 4 This boiler and firebox was installed on these final six Class 16DA locomotives numbered in the range from 874 to 879 which were built by Henschel and delivered in 1930 Compared to the earlier Hohenzollern and Baldwin built locomotives the steaming ability of the six Henschel built locomotives was phenomenal and led to the adoption of wide fireboxes without combustion chambers as the standard on all subsequent SAR mainline steam locomotives 1 3 4 5 6 The Henschel built Class 16DA locomotives with their much wider fireboxes their correspondingly larger grate areas and slightly larger diameter trailing wheels were sufficiently different from the Baldwin and Hohenzollern builts to justify a separate classification such as Class 16DB but this did not happen and the locomotives ended up being known as the Wide Firebox or Boepens Class 16DA 7 Modifications EditFive of these locomotives were delivered with Walschaerts valve gear The last engine no 879 was built with Caprotti valve gear for experimental purposes This rotary poppet valve gear was driven from a single gearbox on the centre of the driving axle The valve gear was given a fair trial but was eventually replaced with the standard Walschaerts valve gear in 1940 1 2 8 They were all delivered with 60 inches 1 520 millimetres diameter coupled wheels and with their boiler operating pressure set at 195 pounds per square inch 1 340 kilopascals Four of them were later retyred with 63 inches 1 600 millimetres diameter tyres on their coupled wheels At the same time their operating boiler pressure was raised to 205 pounds per square inch 1 410 kilopascals to not have their tractive effort reduced by the larger coupled wheels 3 4 When the larger tyres were fitted the old tyres were left in position and turned down on the wheel centres to serve as liners and the new tyres were then shrunk on over the liners The practice of increasing the diameter of coupled wheels wheel spacing and other considerations permitting was begun by A G Watson during his term in office and was continued by his successors The reduction of tractive effort caused by the larger wheels was made up by increasing boiler pressures or by fitting larger cylinders or both as required This policy resulted in more mileage between heavy repairs less cost per mile on repairs and locomotives capable of higher speeds 2 Service EditThe locomotives were placed in service at Kimberley and took over the working of the Union Limited and Union Express between there and Johannesburg from the narrow firebox Class 16DA They were never stationed at Braamfontein Loco in Johannesburg but were serviced there in the process of working between Kimberley and Johannesburg They also worked south from Kimberley to Beaufort West 9 10 nbsp When the Class 16E arrived in 1935 these Class 16DAs remained in service on the express trains in company with the new locomotives which were also stationed at Kimberley and also worked north to Johannesburg and south to Beaufort West 9 When new air conditioned rolling stock was placed in service on the Union Limited and Union Express services between Cape Town and Johannesburg in 1939 to 1940 all the Class 16DA and Class 16E locomotives were transferred to Bloemfontein in the Free State From here they continued to work passenger trains north and south including the Orange Express which was the premier passenger train passing through Bloemfontein During the 1950s the Orange Express was worked almost exclusively by wide firebox Class 16DA and Class 16E locomotives between Bloemfontein and Kimberley When the Class 15F replaced them they were relegated to suburban and local passenger train work The wide firebox Class 16DA were withdrawn from service in 1973 5 8 Preservation EditNumber Works number THF Private Leaselend Owner Current Location848 BALDWIN 60255 Private Wanki Collery Main Road850 BALDWIN 60827 Private Theunissen Municipality Main Street870 HOHENZOLLERN 4655 THF Krugersdorp Locomotive Depot876 HENSC 21752 THF Transnet Heritage Foundation Museum Bloemfontein Locomotive Depot878 HENSC 21754 THF Transnet Engineering Bloemfontein Locomotive Depot879 HENSC 21755 THF Ceres Railway Company Cape Town StationWorks numbers EditThe table lists the Class 16DA engine numbers works numbers and variations in coupled wheel sizes 3 4 Class 16DA 4 6 2Works Numbers amp Variations SAR No WorksNo Coupledwheel dia 874 21749 63 1600mm875 21750 63 1600mm876 21751 60 1524mm877 21752 60 1524mm878 21753 63 1600mm879 21754 63 1600mmIllustration Edit nbsp No 879 as built with Caprotti valve gear nbsp No 876 Lettie Uys at Springfontein c 1991 nbsp No 878 at the Bloemfontein shops 7 April 2006 nbsp No 879 at Oranjerivier 13 April 1979 nbsp No 879 in dark blue Union Limited livery c 2002References Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 16DA 4 6 2 1930 a b c d e f Holland D F 1972 Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways Vol 2 1910 1955 1st ed Newton Abbott England David amp Charles pp 67 68 ISBN 978 0 7153 5427 8 a b c d e Espitalier T J Day W A J 1946 The Locomotive in South Africa A Brief History of Railway Development Chapter VII South African Railways Continued South African Railways and Harbours Magazine May 1946 pp 375 376 a b c d e South African Railways amp Harbours Suid Afrikaanse Spoorwee en Hawens 15 Aug 1941 Locomotive Diagram Book Lokomotiefdiagramboek 3 6 Gauge Spoorwydte SAR SAS Mechanical Department Werktuigkundige Dept Drawing Office Tekenkantoor Pretoria pp 23 24 a b c d e South African Railways amp Harbours Suid Afrikaanse Spoorwee en Hawens 15 Aug 1941 Locomotive Diagram Book Lokomotiefdiagramboek 2 0 amp 3 6 Gauge Spoorwydte Steam Locomotives Stoomlokomotiewe SAR SAS Mechanical Department Werktuigkundige Dept Drawing Office Tekenkantoor Pretoria pp 6a 7a 23 24 a b c Soul of A Railway System 5 Part 1 Bloemfontein Captions 1 19 Accessed on 1 March 2017 Henschel Lieferliste Henschel amp Son works list compiled by Dietmar Stresow Durrant AE 1989 Twilight of South African Steam 1st ed Newton Abbott David amp Charles p 94 ISBN 0715386387 a b Paxton Leith Bourne David 1985 Locomotives of the South African Railways 1st ed Cape Town Struik pp 10 11 67 ISBN 0869772112 a b Information supplied by Les Pivnic retired Assistant Curator South African Railway Museum Soul of A Railway System 7 Western Transvaal based in Johannesburg Part 26 Braamfontein West to Klerksdorp home signal by Les Pivnic Part 1 Caption 18 Accessed on 6 May 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title South African Class 16DA 4 6 2 1930 amp oldid 1147031007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,