A total solar eclipse occurred on September 22, 1968. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from the Soviet Union (today's Russia and Kazakhstan) and Xinjiang in Northwestern China.
A company named Opton proposed to the Sternberg Astronomical Institute to observe this solar eclipse in Sary Shagan on the west bank of Lake Balkhash, and also wrote to the Soviet Ministry of Railways for help to get to the destination faster. The observation team obtained spectrum of the corona. Students also assisted in taking pictures of the corona with MTO-1000 lens.[1]
Chinaedit
This is the first total solar eclipse visible in the country since the founding of the People's Republic of China. It occurred during the Cultural Revolution, when astronomers including Zhang Yuzhe who organized observations of the total solar eclipse of June 19, 1936 and September 21, 1941 were excluded from key positions. The Chinese Academy of Sciences sent a team of 200 including Zhang Kuisan (张魁三), the then deputy director of the Geophysics Bureau to Xinjiang. The observation was code-named "532", named after the time February 1953 when Mao Zedong visited the Purple Mountain Observatory in Nanjing. The travel to Ürümqi by train first took 3 days, and another 7 days by car to the optical observation site Zhaosu Town (Mongolküre Town), Zhaosu County and the radio observation site Kashgar. Gravity measurements were also conducted in mountain caves. In order to avoid the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, Zhou Enlai sent Liu Xiyao to lead the army to the local area and provide the whole team with meals and accommodation. The observation team completed the first monochromatic light observation and high-resolution radio observation of the sun in China. This was also the first time in China that a solar eclipse was observed by plane. Shanghai Scientific and Educational Film Studio also produced a science and education film of the total solar eclipse.[2][3]
The Soviet Union and China were the only two countries the path of this total solar eclipse passed. Due to the Sino-Soviet split, the two countries did not conduct any joint observations. About half a year after the eclipse, on January 23, 1969, the People's Daily published an article claiming that the observation of this eclipse "achieved brilliant results", repeatedly criticized the Soviet Union of "obstructing" it, and also mentioned that the Soviet Union "plundered data" of the annular solar eclipse of April 19, 1958.[4][5]
Related eclipsesedit
Solar eclipses of 1968–1971edit
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]
Solar saros 124, repeating every about 18 years and 11 days, contains 73 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on March 6, 1049. It contains total eclipses from June 12, 1211, to September 22, 1968, and a hybrid solar eclipse on October 3, 1986. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on May 11, 2347. The longest total eclipse occurred on May 3, 1734, at 5 minutes and 46 seconds.[7]
This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
^van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
^Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses NASA Eclipse Web Site.
External linksedit
Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
Google interactive map
Besselian elements
(Russian)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solar eclipse of 1968 September 22.
December 18, 2023
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A total solar eclipse occurred on September 22 1968 A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon s apparent diameter is larger than the Sun s blocking all direct sunlight turning day into darkness Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth s surface with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide Totality was visible from the Soviet Union today s Russia and Kazakhstan and Xinjiang in Northwestern China Solar eclipse of September 22 1968MapType of eclipseNatureTotalGamma0 9451Magnitude1 0099Maximum eclipseDuration40 sec 0 m 40 s Coordinates56 12 N 64 00 E 56 2 N 64 E 56 2 64Max width of band104 km 65 mi Times UTC Greatest eclipse11 18 46ReferencesSaros124 52 of 73 Catalog SE5000 9439 Contents 1 Observation 1 1 Soviet Union 1 2 China 2 Related eclipses 2 1 Solar eclipses of 1968 1971 2 2 Saros 124 2 3 Tritos series 3 References 4 External linksObservation editSoviet Union edit A company named Opton proposed to the Sternberg Astronomical Institute to observe this solar eclipse in Sary Shagan on the west bank of Lake Balkhash and also wrote to the Soviet Ministry of Railways for help to get to the destination faster The observation team obtained spectrum of the corona Students also assisted in taking pictures of the corona with MTO 1000 lens 1 China edit This is the first total solar eclipse visible in the country since the founding of the People s Republic of China It occurred during the Cultural Revolution when astronomers including Zhang Yuzhe who organized observations of the total solar eclipse of June 19 1936 and September 21 1941 were excluded from key positions The Chinese Academy of Sciences sent a team of 200 including Zhang Kuisan 张魁三 the then deputy director of the Geophysics Bureau to Xinjiang The observation was code named 532 named after the time February 1953 when Mao Zedong visited the Purple Mountain Observatory in Nanjing The travel to Urumqi by train first took 3 days and another 7 days by car to the optical observation site Zhaosu Town Mongolkure Town Zhaosu County and the radio observation site Kashgar Gravity measurements were also conducted in mountain caves In order to avoid the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution Zhou Enlai sent Liu Xiyao to lead the army to the local area and provide the whole team with meals and accommodation The observation team completed the first monochromatic light observation and high resolution radio observation of the sun in China This was also the first time in China that a solar eclipse was observed by plane Shanghai Scientific and Educational Film Studio also produced a science and education film of the total solar eclipse 2 3 The Soviet Union and China were the only two countries the path of this total solar eclipse passed Due to the Sino Soviet split the two countries did not conduct any joint observations About half a year after the eclipse on January 23 1969 the People s Daily published an article claiming that the observation of this eclipse achieved brilliant results repeatedly criticized the Soviet Union of obstructing it and also mentioned that the Soviet Union plundered data of the annular solar eclipse of April 19 1958 4 5 Related eclipses editSolar eclipses of 1968 1971 edit This eclipse is a member of a semester series An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours a semester at alternating nodes of the Moon s orbit 6 Solar eclipse series sets from 1968 1971Ascending node Descending nodeSaros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma119 nbsp 1968 March 28Partial 1 03704 124 nbsp 1968 September 22Total 0 94507129 nbsp 1969 March 18Annular 0 27037 134 nbsp 1969 September 11Annular 0 22014139 nbsp 1970 March 7Total 0 44728 144 nbsp 1970 August 31Annular 0 53640149 nbsp 1971 February 25Partial 1 11876 154 nbsp 1971 August 20Partial 1 26591A partial solar eclipse of July 22 1971 occurs in the next lunar year set Saros 124 edit Solar saros 124 repeating every about 18 years and 11 days contains 73 events The series started with partial solar eclipse on March 6 1049 It contains total eclipses from June 12 1211 to September 22 1968 and a hybrid solar eclipse on October 3 1986 The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on May 11 2347 The longest total eclipse occurred on May 3 1734 at 5 minutes and 46 seconds 7 Series members 43 59 occur between 1801 and 2100 43 44 45 nbsp June 16 1806 nbsp June 26 1824 nbsp July 8 184246 47 48 nbsp July 18 1860 nbsp July 29 1878 nbsp August 9 189649 50 51 nbsp August 21 1914 nbsp August 31 1932 nbsp September 12 195052 53 54 nbsp September 22 1968 nbsp October 3 1986 nbsp October 14 200455 56 57 nbsp October 25 2022 nbsp November 4 2040 nbsp November 16 205858 59 nbsp November 26 2076 nbsp December 7 2094Tritos series edit This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months 3986 63 days or 11 years minus 1 month Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month period of perigee but groupings of 3 tritos cycles 33 years minus 3 months come close 434 044 anomalistic months so eclipses are similar in these groupings Series members between 1901 and 2100 nbsp March 29 1903 Saros 118 nbsp February 25 1914 Saros 119 nbsp January 24 1925 Saros 120 nbsp December 25 1935 Saros 121 nbsp November 23 1946 Saros 122 nbsp October 23 1957 Saros 123 nbsp September 22 1968 Saros 124 nbsp August 22 1979 Saros 125 nbsp July 22 1990 Saros 126 nbsp June 21 2001 Saros 127 nbsp May 20 2012 Saros 128 nbsp April 20 2023 Saros 129 nbsp March 20 2034 Saros 130 nbsp February 16 2045 Saros 131 nbsp January 16 2056 Saros 132 nbsp December 17 2066 Saros 133 nbsp November 15 2077 Saros 134 nbsp October 14 2088 Saros 135 nbsp September 14 2099 Saros 136 References edit Polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie 22 sentyabrya 1968 g Archived from the original on 3 January 2010 20世纪中国日全食观测小史 16 July 2009 Archived from the original on 17 October 2020 新闻调查 19970314 寻踪日全食 China Network Television Archived from the original on 10 July 2015 用毛泽东思想探索太阳的奥秘 记我国首次大规模日全食综合观测队 People s Daily 23 January 1969 一九五八年苏修打着 中苏日环食联合观测 的幌子 来我国掠取日环食资料 观测结束后 把一台破烂不堪的射电望远镜天线留在中国 还美其名曰 帮助中国发展射电天文学 后来 赫鲁晓夫修正主义集团把这个破烂的射电望远镜天线也要了回去 我国大规模日全食综合观测取得辉煌成果 People s Daily 23 January 1969 van Gent R H Solar and Lunar Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles Utrecht University Retrieved 6 October 2018 Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses NASA Eclipse Web Site External links editEarth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak NASA GSFC Google interactive map Besselian elements Photos from solar eclipse of September 22 1968 in USSR Russian nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solar eclipse of 1968 September 22 Retrieved from https en 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