Solar eclipse of August 30, 1905

A total solar eclipse occurred on August 30, 1905.^[1][2][3] A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from Canada, Newfoundland Colony (now belonging to Canada), Spain, French Algeria (now Algeria), French Tunisia (now Tunisia), Ottoman Tripolitania (now Libya) include the capital Tripoli, Egypt, Ottoman Empire (the parts now belonging to Saudi Arabia) including Mecca, Emirate of Jabal Shammar (now belonging to Saudi Arabia), Aden Protectorate (now belonging to Yemen), and Muscat and Oman (now Oman).

Solar eclipse of August 30, 1905
Map
Type of eclipse
Nature	Total
Gamma	0.5708
Magnitude	1.0477
Maximum eclipse
Duration	226 s (3 min 46 s)
Coordinates	42°30′N 4°18′W / 42.5°N 4.3°W / 42.5; -4.3
Max. width of band	192 km (119 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse	13:07:26
References
Saros	143 (17 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000)	9293

This eclipse was observed from Alcalà de Xivert in Spain.^[4] It was also observed by members of the British Astronomical Association from various locations.^[5][6]

Observations

Teams of the United States Naval Observatory observed the eclipse from three different locations. Two were near the centerline of the path of totality: Daroca, Spain at an altitude of 2,500 feet (760 m) and Guelma, French Algeria at an altitude of 1,500 feet (460 m). The third was near the southern edge of the path of totality, at Porta Coeli Charterhouse, Valencia, Spain at an altitude of 1,000 feet (300 m). The leader and some team members departed from New York City by ship on July 3 and arrived at Grado, Asturias, a Spanish port on the northern coast on July 20, while other team members had already arrived there in advance. In the end, the weather was clear in all three locations, and the observations were successful. The team took images of the corona and observed the spectrum^[7].

Related eclipses

 

An eclipse-viewing party at Daroca

 

Painting by Enrique Simonet

Solar eclipses of 1902–1907

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.^[8]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1902 to 1907
Descending node			Ascending node
108	April 8, 1902   Partial		113	October 1, 1902
118	March 29, 1903   Annular		123	September 21, 1903   Total
128	March 17, 1904   Annular		133	September 9, 1904   Total
138	March 6, 1905   Annular		143	August 30, 1905   Total
148	February 23, 1906   Partial		153	August 20, 1906   Partial

Solar 143

It is a part of Saros cycle 143, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 72 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on March 7, 1617 and total event from June 24, 1797 through October 24, 1995. It has hybrid eclipses from November 3, 2013 through December 6, 2067, and annular eclipses from December 16, 2085 through September 16, 2536. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on April 23, 2873. The longest duration of totality was 3 minutes, 50 seconds on August 19, 1887. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon’s ascending node.

Series members 17–28 occur between 1741 and 2100
8	9	10
May 23, 1743	June 3, 1761	June 14, 1779
11	12	13
June 24, 1797	July 6, 1815	July 17, 1833
14	15	16
July 28, 1851	August 7, 1869	August 19, 1887
17	18	19
August 30, 1905	September 10, 1923	September 21, 1941
20	21	22
October 2, 1959	October 12, 1977	October 24, 1995
23	24	25
November 3, 2013	November 14, 2031	November 25, 2049
26	27	28
December 6, 2067	December 16, 2085

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings. In the 19th century:

• Solar saros 140: total solar eclipse of October 29, 1818
• Solar saros 141: annular solar eclipse of October 9, 1847
• Solar saros 142: total solar eclipse of September 17, 1876

Inex series members between 1901 and 2100:
August 30, 1905 (Saros 143)	August 10, 1934 (Saros 144)	July 20, 1963 (Saros 145)
June 30, 1992 (Saros 146)	June 10, 2021 (Saros 147)	May 20, 2050 (Saros 148)
May 1, 2079 (Saros 139)

In the 22nd century:

• Solar saros 150: partial solar eclipse of April 11, 2108
• Solar saros 151: annular solar eclipse of March 21, 2137
• Solar saros 152: total solar eclipse of March 2, 2166
• Solar saros 153: annular solar eclipse of February 10, 2195

Notes

1. "The Coming Total Solar Eclipse Of Sun". The Brantford Weekly Expositor. Brantford, Ontario, Canada. August 31, 1905. p. 12. Retrieved October 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
2. "OBSERVERS' SUCCESS. DETAILS OF THE ECLIPSE FROM SOUTHERN STATIONS". Evening Standard. London, Greater London, England. August 31, 1905. p. 12. Retrieved October 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
3. "OLD SOL'S TOTAL ECLIPSE". The Sabetha Republican-Herald. Sabetha, Kansas. August 31, 1905. p. 6. Retrieved October 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
4. Fabricio Cardenas, Vieux papiers des Pyrénées-Orientales, Eclipse solaire de 1905 à Perpignan, 20 March 2015
5. British Astronomical Association; Levander, Frederick William (1906). The total solar eclipse 1905 : Reports of observations made by members of the British Astronomical Association of the total solar eclipse of 1905, August 30. University of California Libraries. London : British Astronomical Association.
6. "Page 8". The Guardian. London, Greater London, England. August 31, 1905. p. 8. Retrieved October 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
7. Colby M. Chester. . Publications of the U.S. Naval Observatory Second Series. 10: B.11–B.13. Archived from the original on March 27, 2017.
8. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved October 6, 2018.

References

• Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
  • Google interactive map
  • Besselian elements
• The total solar eclipse 1905: Reports of observations made by members of the ... By British Astronomical Association, Frederick William Levander
• Report of the solar eclipse expedition to Palma, Majorca, August 30, 1905 ... By Solar Physics Committee, Norman Lockyer
• Sketchs of Solar Corona August 30, 1905
• Sketchs from Russia expedition for solar Corona August 30, 1905 (2) August 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

 

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