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Soil type

A soil type is a taxonomic unit in soil science. All soils that share a certain set of well-defined properties form a distinctive soil type.[1] Soil type is a technical term of soil classification, the science that deals with the systematic categorization of soils. Every soil of the world belongs to a certain soil type. Soil type is an abstract term. In nature, you will not find soil types. You will find soils that belong to a certain soil type.

In hierarchical soil classification systems, soil types mostly belong to the higher or intermediate level. A soil type can normally be subdivided into subtypes, and in many systems several soil types can be combined to entities of higher category. However, in the first classification system of the United States (Whitney, 1909),[2] the soil type was the lowest level and the mapping unit.

For the definition of soil types, some systems use primarily such characteristics that are the result of soil-forming processes (pedogenesis). An example is the German soil systematics.[3] Other systems combine characteristics resulting from soil-forming processes and characteristics inherited from the parent material. Examples are the World Reference Base for Soil Resources[4] (WRB) and the USDA soil taxonomy.[5] Other systems do not ask whether the properties are the result of soil formation or not. An example is the Australian Soil Classification.[6]

A convenient way to define a soil type is referring to soil horizons. However, this is not always possible because some very initial soils may not even have a clear development of horizons. For other soils, it may be more convenient to define the soil type just referring to some properties common to the whole soil profile. For example, WRB defines the Arenosols by their sand content. Many soils are more or less strongly influenced by human activities. This is reflected by the definition of many soil types in various classification systems.

Because soil type is a very general and widely used term, many soil classification systems do not use it for their definitions. The USDA soil taxonomy has six hierarchical levels that are named order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and series. The WRB calls the first level Reference Soil Group. The second level in WRB is constructed by adding qualifiers, and for the result (the Reference Soil Group plus the qualifiers), no taxonomic term is used.

See also

References

  1. ^ W.E.H. Blum, P. Schad, S. Nortcliff (2018). Essentials of soil science. Borntraeger Science Publishers, Stuttgart.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ M. Whitney (1909). Soils of the United States. US Dept. Agric. Bur. Soil Bull. 55. Washington, D.C.
  3. ^ Ad-hoc-AG Boden (2005). Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung, 5. Auflage. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.
  4. ^ IUSS Working Group WRB (2022). "World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 4th edition". IUSS, Vienna.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2018-11-28. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
  6. ^ R.F. Isbell and the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (2016). "Australian Soil Classification, second edition (as Online Interactive Key)". CSIRO.

External links

soil, type, soil, type, taxonomic, unit, soil, science, soils, that, share, certain, well, defined, properties, form, distinctive, soil, type, technical, term, soil, classification, science, that, deals, with, systematic, categorization, soils, every, soil, wo. A soil type is a taxonomic unit in soil science All soils that share a certain set of well defined properties form a distinctive soil type 1 Soil type is a technical term of soil classification the science that deals with the systematic categorization of soils Every soil of the world belongs to a certain soil type Soil type is an abstract term In nature you will not find soil types You will find soils that belong to a certain soil type In hierarchical soil classification systems soil types mostly belong to the higher or intermediate level A soil type can normally be subdivided into subtypes and in many systems several soil types can be combined to entities of higher category However in the first classification system of the United States Whitney 1909 2 the soil type was the lowest level and the mapping unit For the definition of soil types some systems use primarily such characteristics that are the result of soil forming processes pedogenesis An example is the German soil systematics 3 Other systems combine characteristics resulting from soil forming processes and characteristics inherited from the parent material Examples are the World Reference Base for Soil Resources 4 WRB and the USDA soil taxonomy 5 Other systems do not ask whether the properties are the result of soil formation or not An example is the Australian Soil Classification 6 A convenient way to define a soil type is referring to soil horizons However this is not always possible because some very initial soils may not even have a clear development of horizons For other soils it may be more convenient to define the soil type just referring to some properties common to the whole soil profile For example WRB defines the Arenosols by their sand content Many soils are more or less strongly influenced by human activities This is reflected by the definition of many soil types in various classification systems Because soil type is a very general and widely used term many soil classification systems do not use it for their definitions The USDA soil taxonomy has six hierarchical levels that are named order suborder great group subgroup family and series The WRB calls the first level Reference Soil Group The second level in WRB is constructed by adding qualifiers and for the result the Reference Soil Group plus the qualifiers no taxonomic term is used See also EditList of vineyard soil typesReferences Edit W E H Blum P Schad S Nortcliff 2018 Essentials of soil science Borntraeger Science Publishers Stuttgart a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link M Whitney 1909 Soils of the United States US Dept Agric Bur Soil Bull 55 Washington D C Ad hoc AG Boden 2005 Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung 5 Auflage Schweizerbart Stuttgart IUSS Working Group WRB 2022 World Reference Base for Soil Resources 4th edition IUSS Vienna Keys to Soil Taxonomy 2014 Archived from the original on 2018 11 28 Retrieved 2018 12 03 R F Isbell and the National Committee on Soil and Terrain 2016 Australian Soil Classification second edition as Online Interactive Key CSIRO External links EditSoil classification systems A Compendium of On Line Soil Survey Information Soil Classification for Soil Survey Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Soil type amp oldid 1163706602, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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