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Socotra cormorant

The Socotra cormorant (Phalacrocorax nigrogularis) is a threatened species of cormorant that is endemic to the Persian Gulf and the south-east coast of the Arabian Peninsula.[2] It is also sometimes known as the Socotran cormorant or, more rarely, as the Socotra shag. Individuals occasionally migrate as far west as the Red Sea coast. Despite its name, it was only confirmed in 2005 that it breeds on the Socotra islands in the Indian Ocean.[3]

Socotra cormorant
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Suliformes
Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Genus: Phalacrocorax
Species:
P. nigrogularis
Binomial name
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis
Synonyms

Anacarbo nigrogularis

The Socotra cormorant is an almost entirely blackish bird with a total length of about 80 centimetres (31 in).[3] In breeding condition, its forecrown has a purplish gloss and its upperparts have a slaty-green tinge, there are a few white plumes around the eye and neck and a few white streaks at the rump. Its legs and feet are black and its gular skin blackish. All these deviations from pure black are less marked outside the breeding season.

There is little information on this species' foraging or diet. Like all cormorants its dives for its food. Older reports suggest that it can stay submerged for up to 3 minutes, which is high for a cormorant and suggests that it would be capable of deep diving. However, there are also reports of foraging in flocks, and this is more usually seen in cormorants that feed in mid-water.

The birds are highly gregarious, with roosting flocks of 250,000 having been reported, and flocks of up to 25,000 at sea.

Some authors, such as Paul Johnsgard, place this species, along with a number of other related cormorants, in a genus Leucocarbo.

Since 2000, this species has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, on the grounds of its small number of breeding localities and ongoing rapid decline.[1] The decline is caused by coastal development, disturbance and marine pollution near its nesting colonies; in 2000 it was estimated that the world population was about 110,000 breeding pairs or 330,000–500,000 individual birds.[1] The only protected nesting colony in the Persian Gulf is one of about 30,000 pairs on the Bahraini Hawar Islands off the coast of Qatar, and this is a Ramsar Convention listed site.[4] Of the remaining 13 colonies (9 different locations), the Hawar colony is the largest.[1] In the northern part of its range alone, about 12 colonies are known to have disappeared since the 1960s.[3] The birds may also be affected by oil pollution at sea. During the First Gulf War, images of badly oiled cormorants from the Gulf were regularly shown in the western media, and although the great cormorant is also found in the Persian Gulf, it is likely that many of these were Socotra cormorants.

In 2012, the Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD) monitored wild birds throughout Abu Dhabi at nearly 60 sites and recorded 420 species from 60 families. Nearly 12,000 breeding pairs of the globally threatened Socotra Cormorant were recorded at five to six small islands in the Emirate.

The Socotra cormorant is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.

References

  1. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2019). "Phalacrocorax nigrogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22696802A155525071. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22696802A155525071.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Persian Gulf Desert and Semi-desert." Robert Warren Howarth (ed.), Biomes & Ecosystemsvol. 3. Ipswich, MA: Salem Press, pp. 1000-1002.
  3. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2011). Species Factsheet: Phalacrocorax nigrogularis. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  4. ^ Bahrain Bird Report. Socotra Cormorant. Retrieved 5 October 2011.

External links

  • Gallery of images of Socotra cormorants - Birds Oman

socotra, cormorant, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, februar. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Socotra cormorant news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Socotra cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis is a threatened species of cormorant that is endemic to the Persian Gulf and the south east coast of the Arabian Peninsula 2 It is also sometimes known as the Socotran cormorant or more rarely as the Socotra shag Individuals occasionally migrate as far west as the Red Sea coast Despite its name it was only confirmed in 2005 that it breeds on the Socotra islands in the Indian Ocean 3 Socotra cormorantConservation statusVulnerable IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder SuliformesFamily PhalacrocoracidaeGenus PhalacrocoraxSpecies P nigrogularisBinomial namePhalacrocorax nigrogularisOgilvie Grant and Forbes 1899SynonymsAnacarbo nigrogularisThe Socotra cormorant is an almost entirely blackish bird with a total length of about 80 centimetres 31 in 3 In breeding condition its forecrown has a purplish gloss and its upperparts have a slaty green tinge there are a few white plumes around the eye and neck and a few white streaks at the rump Its legs and feet are black and its gular skin blackish All these deviations from pure black are less marked outside the breeding season There is little information on this species foraging or diet Like all cormorants its dives for its food Older reports suggest that it can stay submerged for up to 3 minutes which is high for a cormorant and suggests that it would be capable of deep diving However there are also reports of foraging in flocks and this is more usually seen in cormorants that feed in mid water The birds are highly gregarious with roosting flocks of 250 000 having been reported and flocks of up to 25 000 at sea Some authors such as Paul Johnsgard place this species along with a number of other related cormorants in a genus Leucocarbo Since 2000 this species has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List on the grounds of its small number of breeding localities and ongoing rapid decline 1 The decline is caused by coastal development disturbance and marine pollution near its nesting colonies in 2000 it was estimated that the world population was about 110 000 breeding pairs or 330 000 500 000 individual birds 1 The only protected nesting colony in the Persian Gulf is one of about 30 000 pairs on the Bahraini Hawar Islands off the coast of Qatar and this is a Ramsar Convention listed site 4 Of the remaining 13 colonies 9 different locations the Hawar colony is the largest 1 In the northern part of its range alone about 12 colonies are known to have disappeared since the 1960s 3 The birds may also be affected by oil pollution at sea During the First Gulf War images of badly oiled cormorants from the Gulf were regularly shown in the western media and although the great cormorant is also found in the Persian Gulf it is likely that many of these were Socotra cormorants In 2012 the Environment Agency Abu Dhabi EAD monitored wild birds throughout Abu Dhabi at nearly 60 sites and recorded 420 species from 60 families Nearly 12 000 breeding pairs of the globally threatened Socotra Cormorant were recorded at five to six small islands in the Emirate The Socotra cormorant is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds AEWA applies References Edit a b c d BirdLife International 2019 Phalacrocorax nigrogularis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T22696802A155525071 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 3 RLTS T22696802A155525071 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 Persian Gulf Desert and Semi desert Robert Warren Howarth ed Biomes amp Ecosystemsvol 3 Ipswich MA Salem Press pp 1000 1002 a b c BirdLife International 2011 Species Factsheet Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Retrieved 5 October 2011 Bahrain Bird Report Socotra Cormorant Retrieved 5 October 2011 Johnsgard P A 1993 Cormorants Darters and Pelicans of the World Washington DC Smithsonian Institution Press ISBN 1 56098 216 0External links EditGallery of images of Socotra cormorants Birds Oman Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Socotra cormorant amp oldid 1144088368, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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