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Society of the Rights of Man

January 01, 1970

The Society of the Rights of Man (French: Société des droits de l'homme, SDH) was a French republican association with Jacobin roots, formed during the July Revolution in 1830, replacing another republican association, the Society of the Friends of the People (France). It played a major role in the June riots of 1832 in Paris and the July Monarchy.

Society of the Rights of Man
Société des droits de l'homme
LeaderVarious
Founded1830 (1830)
Dissolved1840 (1840)
HeadquartersParis and Lyon
NewspaperLa Tribune des départements
Membership (1830)4,000 (Paris)
Ideology
Political positionLeft-wing
SloganLiberté, égalité, fraternité

Origins edit

The origins of the Society had its foundations on a previous organization, The Friends of the People (French: Société des Amis du Peuple)'. This organization was founded in a meeting which took place on July 30.[1] It created the first draft of the societies' Manifesto and coincided with the publication of the famous Proclamation du duc d'Orléans by Adolphe Thiers.[2] After a failed attempt to discuss their grievances with their municipality, the Society of Friends of the People published their manifesto in the republican newspaper The Tribune of the Departments (French: La Tribune des departments).
Following the publication of their manifesto they continued their activity; protesting the crowning of Louis Philippe I. Originally 120 members the Society began to gain traction, eventually reaching more than 300. Admission relied on either notoriety or on declarations of patriotism. Speeches given would draw in a reasonable crowd; Claude cites around 1500. However, mirroring the events of the French Revolution it lacked working-class men.[3] It was officially dissolved in December 1832.[4] Most of the big names like Blanqui, Ulysse Trélat (politician)[5] and other known politicians were all acquitted.

Organization edit

The SDH was modelled on another French secret Society, the Charbonnerie, organised in small groups of less than twenty members, each given names that evoked Jacobin tradition: 'Robespierre', 'Marat', 'Babeuf', 'Louvel', 'Blackjack January', 'War with the castles', 'Washington', etc. They were a nationwide organisation, consisting of group sizes of between 10 and less than 20 members, this allowed them to circumvent the law which required a permit for groups of more than 20 members (this law was amended in February 1834). They were the first organisation to extend its educational activities to the working class.[6]

In Paris, there were 170 groups with a total of approximately 3 000 members. Its network extended into the province and would account, according to then police reports, approximately 4 000 members.

The official publication of the organisation was La Tribune des départements published by Armand Marrast. It published very revolutionary articles often insulting the King Louis-Philippe and its government.

Members and principles edit

The management committee of the SDH was made up of representatives of the extreme-left like Audry de Puyraveau or Voyer d' Argenson, and of young republican militants such as Éléonore-Louis Godefroi Cavaignac, Joseph Sobrier or Joseph Guinard. Moderates included Antoine Richard du Cantal, the German writer Georg Büchner (author of Woyzeck, amongst other works),[7] although this is not proven.

But soon the radical elements gained the upper hand and published a manifesto on "Société des droits de l'homme" in the journal La Tribune on October 22, 1833, demanding a return to a government along Jacobin principles: strict secularity; economic and educational leadership of the state, strict limitation of private property; nationalization and planning of the economy; etc. And insurrection and revolution was the way to achieve this goal.

In 1834, Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure a lawyer and member of the Society associated the three famous terms "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" together and published it in the Revue Républicaine which he edited: "Any man aspires to liberty, to equality, but he can not achieve it without the assistance of other men, without fraternity."[8]

Activities and history edit

During the funeral of General Lamarque riots broke out on June 5–6, 1832 organised by the Society. These were brutally put down by the police. Further riots followed in Lyons and Paris in 1834. In April 1834, there were serious disturbances broke out in Paris following the passing of a law to curtail the activities of the Republican Society of Human Rights (changing the allowed group sizes) which spread to Lyons. The disturbances were brutally put down by the army. It took 13,000 police and 4 days of fighting to put down the riot. All people living in an apartment block in the Rue Transnonain from where reportedly shots had been fired were massacred.[9][10]

This event was "caricatured" by the journal La Caricature under its editor Charles Philipon, specifically in a lithograph by its prized satirical draughtsman Honoré Daumier, entitled Rue Transnonain, le 15 Avril 1834.[11] According to a slightly different account, the lithograph was designed for the subscription publication L'Association Mensuelle. The profits were to promote freedom of the press and defrayed legal costs of a lawsuit against the satirical, politically progressive journal Le Charivari to which Daumier contributed regularly. The police discovered the print hanging in the window of printseller Ernest Jean Aubert in the Galerie Véro-Dodat (a passageway in 1st arrondissement) and subsequently tracked down and confiscated as many of the prints they could find, along with the original lithographic stone on which the image was drawn. Existing prints of are survivors of this effort.[12]

On July 28, 1835, a Corsican member of the Society Giuseppe Marco Fieschi, together with two compatriots, attempted to assassinate King Louis Philippe I using an "infernal machine" consisting of 20 gun-barrels bound and detonated together. Although 17 people died, the King survived. Fieschi himself was injured, captured, then nursed back to health only to be sentenced and subsequently guillotined.[13]

Notable members edit

See also edit

Further reading edit

  • Biosoc.univ-paris1.fr, (2014). Maitron.org, site d’histoire sociale - Chronologie . [online] Available at: http://biosoc.univ-paris1.fr/spip.php?rubrique5 [Accessed 7 Oct. 2014]. In French. Translation at
  • Harsin, Jill, Barricades: The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848, Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2002, ISBN 978-0-312-29479-3
  • Sirot, S. (2014). Chronology of the French Workers' Movement 1802-1838. [online] Marxists.org. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/history/france/1802-1838.htm [Accessed 7 Oct. 2014].

References edit

  1. ^ Caron, Jean-Claude (1980). "La Société des Amis du Peuple" [The Society of Friends of the People]. Romantisme (in French). 28–29 (28): 169–179. doi:10.3406/roman.1980.5349 – via Persée (web portal).
  2. ^ Caron, Jean-Claude (1980). "La Société des Amis du Peuple" [The Society of Friends of the People]. Romantisme (in French). 28–29 (28): 169–179. doi:10.3406/roman.1980.5349 – via Persee.
  3. ^ Caron, Jean-Claude (1980). "La Société des Amis du Peuple" [The Society of Friends of the People]. Romantisme (in French). 28–29 (28): 169–179. doi:10.3406/roman.1980.5349 – via Persee.
  4. ^ Harsin, Jill (2002). Barricades: The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 57. ISBN 1349387851.
  5. ^ "Ulysse Trélat". Le Maitron (in French). 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  6. ^ James H. Billington (31 December 2011). Fire in the Minds of Men: Origins of the Revolutionary Faith. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-1401-0.
  7. ^ "Georg Buchner - Penguin Classics Authors - Penguin Classics". Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  8. ^ Ozouf, Mona (1997), "Liberté, égalité, fraternité stands for peace country and war", in Nora, Pierre (ed.), Lieux de Mémoire [Places of memory] (in French), vol. tome III, Quarto Gallimard, pp. 4353–4389 (abridged translation, Realms of Memory, Columbia University Press, 1996–1998).
  9. ^ Lucien Bély (1 January 2001). The History of France. Editions Jean-paul Gisserot. ISBN 978-2-87747-563-1.
  10. ^ "Catalan biography". Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  11. ^ "British Museum - Highlight image". Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  12. ^ "Rue Transnonain, 15 April 1834". An Introduction to 19th Century Art. Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  13. ^ Christopher Summerville (14 January 2014). Who was Who at Waterloo: A Biography of the Battle. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-86819-4.

January 01, 1970
society, rights, french, société, droits, homme, french, republican, association, with, jacobin, roots, formed, during, july, revolution, 1830, replacing, another, republican, association, society, friends, people, france, played, major, role, june, riots, 183. The Society of the Rights of Man French Societe des droits de l homme SDH was a French republican association with Jacobin roots formed during the July Revolution in 1830 replacing another republican association the Society of the Friends of the People France It played a major role in the June riots of 1832 in Paris and the July Monarchy Society of the Rights of Man Societe des droits de l hommeLeaderVariousFounded1830 1830 Dissolved1840 1840 HeadquartersParis and LyonNewspaperLa Tribune des departementsMembership 1830 4 000 Paris IdeologyRepublicanism Jacobinism PopulismPolitical positionLeft wingSloganLiberte egalite fraternitePolitics of FrancePolitical partiesElections Contents 1 Origins 2 Organization 3 Members and principles 4 Activities and history 5 Notable members 6 See also 7 Further reading 8 ReferencesOrigins editThe origins of the Society had its foundations on a previous organization The Friends of the People French Societe des Amis du Peuple This organization was founded in a meeting which took place on July 30 1 It created the first draft of the societies Manifesto and coincided with the publication of the famous Proclamation du duc d Orleans by Adolphe Thiers 2 After a failed attempt to discuss their grievances with their municipality the Society of Friends of the People published their manifesto in the republican newspaper The Tribune of the Departments French La Tribune des departments Following the publication of their manifesto they continued their activity protesting the crowning of Louis Philippe I Originally 120 members the Society began to gain traction eventually reaching more than 300 Admission relied on either notoriety or on declarations of patriotism Speeches given would draw in a reasonable crowd Claude cites around 1500 However mirroring the events of the French Revolution it lacked working class men 3 It was officially dissolved in December 1832 4 Most of the big names like Blanqui Ulysse Trelat politician 5 and other known politicians were all acquitted Organization editThe SDH was modelled on another French secret Society the Charbonnerie organised in small groups of less than twenty members each given names that evoked Jacobin tradition Robespierre Marat Babeuf Louvel Blackjack January War with the castles Washington etc They were a nationwide organisation consisting of group sizes of between 10 and less than 20 members this allowed them to circumvent the law which required a permit for groups of more than 20 members this law was amended in February 1834 They were the first organisation to extend its educational activities to the working class 6 In Paris there were 170 groups with a total of approximately 3 000 members Its network extended into the province and would account according to then police reports approximately 4 000 members The official publication of the organisation was La Tribune des departements published by Armand Marrast It published very revolutionary articles often insulting the King Louis Philippe and its government Members and principles editThe management committee of the SDH was made up of representatives of the extreme left like Audry de Puyraveau or Voyer d Argenson and of young republican militants such as Eleonore Louis Godefroi Cavaignac Joseph Sobrier or Joseph Guinard Moderates included Antoine Richard du Cantal the German writer Georg Buchner author of Woyzeck amongst other works 7 although this is not proven But soon the radical elements gained the upper hand and published a manifesto on Societe des droits de l homme in the journal La Tribune on October 22 1833 demanding a return to a government along Jacobin principles strict secularity economic and educational leadership of the state strict limitation of private property nationalization and planning of the economy etc And insurrection and revolution was the way to achieve this goal In 1834 Jacques Charles Dupont de l Eure a lawyer and member of the Society associated the three famous terms Liberte egalite fraternite together and published it in the Revue Republicaine which he edited Any man aspires to liberty to equality but he can not achieve it without the assistance of other men without fraternity 8 Activities and history editDuring the funeral of General Lamarque riots broke out on June 5 6 1832 organised by the Society These were brutally put down by the police Further riots followed in Lyons and Paris in 1834 In April 1834 there were serious disturbances broke out in Paris following the passing of a law to curtail the activities of the Republican Society of Human Rights changing the allowed group sizes which spread to Lyons The disturbances were brutally put down by the army It took 13 000 police and 4 days of fighting to put down the riot All people living in an apartment block in the Rue Transnonain from where reportedly shots had been fired were massacred 9 10 This event was caricatured by the journal La Caricature under its editor Charles Philipon specifically in a lithograph by its prized satirical draughtsman Honore Daumier entitled Rue Transnonain le 15 Avril 1834 11 According to a slightly different account the lithograph was designed for the subscription publication L Association Mensuelle The profits were to promote freedom of the press and defrayed legal costs of a lawsuit against the satirical politically progressive journal Le Charivari to which Daumier contributed regularly The police discovered the print hanging in the window of printseller Ernest Jean Aubert in the Galerie Vero Dodat a passageway in 1st arrondissement and subsequently tracked down and confiscated as many of the prints they could find along with the original lithographic stone on which the image was drawn Existing prints of are survivors of this effort 12 On July 28 1835 a Corsican member of the Society Giuseppe Marco Fieschi together with two compatriots attempted to assassinate King Louis Philippe I using an infernal machine consisting of 20 gun barrels bound and detonated together Although 17 people died the King survived Fieschi himself was injured captured then nursed back to health only to be sentenced and subsequently guillotined 13 Notable members editAntoine Richard du Cantal Audry de Puyraveau Voyer d Argenson Godefroy Cavaignac Joseph Sobrier Joseph Guinard Antoine Richard du Cantal Georg BuchnerSee also editFriends of the ABC fictional representation of the Society in the 1862 Victor Hugo novel Les Miserables Secret societyFurther reading editBiosoc univ paris1 fr 2014 Maitron org site d histoire sociale Chronologie online Available at http biosoc univ paris1 fr spip php rubrique5 Accessed 7 Oct 2014 In French Translation at Harsin Jill Barricades The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris 1830 1848 Basingstoke Palgrave 2002 ISBN 978 0 312 29479 3 Sirot S 2014 Chronology of the French Workers Movement 1802 1838 online Marxists org Available at https www marxists org history france 1802 1838 htm Accessed 7 Oct 2014 References edit Caron Jean Claude 1980 La Societe des Amis du Peuple The Society of Friends of the People Romantisme in French 28 29 28 169 179 doi 10 3406 roman 1980 5349 via Persee web portal Caron Jean Claude 1980 La Societe des Amis du Peuple The Society of Friends of the People Romantisme in French 28 29 28 169 179 doi 10 3406 roman 1980 5349 via Persee Caron Jean Claude 1980 La Societe des Amis du Peuple The Society of Friends of the People Romantisme in French 28 29 28 169 179 doi 10 3406 roman 1980 5349 via Persee Harsin Jill 2002 Barricades The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris 1830 1848 New York Palgrave MacMillan p 57 ISBN 1349387851 Ulysse Trelat Le Maitron in French 2009 02 20 Retrieved 2021 09 08 James H Billington 31 December 2011 Fire in the Minds of Men Origins of the Revolutionary Faith Transaction Publishers ISBN 978 1 4128 1401 0 Georg Buchner Penguin Classics Authors Penguin Classics Retrieved 2014 10 07 Ozouf Mona 1997 Liberte egalite fraternite stands for peace country and war in Nora Pierre ed Lieux de Memoire Places of memory in French vol tome III Quarto Gallimard pp 4353 4389 abridged translation Realms of Memory Columbia University Press 1996 1998 Lucien Bely 1 January 2001 The History of France Editions Jean paul Gisserot ISBN 978 2 87747 563 1 Catalan biography Retrieved 2014 10 07 British Museum Highlight image Retrieved 2014 10 07 Rue Transnonain 15 April 1834 An Introduction to 19th Century Art Retrieved 2014 10 07 Christopher Summerville 14 January 2014 Who was Who at Waterloo A Biography of the Battle Routledge ISBN 978 1 317 86819 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Society of the Rights of Man amp oldid 1175702579, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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