Social impact assessment (SIA) is a methodology to review the social effects of infrastructure projects and other development interventions. Although SIA is usually applied to planned interventions, the same techniques can be used to evaluate the social impact of unplanned events, for example, disasters, demographic change, and epidemics. SIA is important in applied anthropology, as its main goal is to be able to deliver positive social outcomes and eliminate any possible negative or long term effects.[1]
The origins of SIA largely derives from the environmental impact assessment (EIA) model, which first emerged in the 1970s in the U.S. In the United States under the National Environmental Policy Act. Social impact assessments are federally mandated and performed in conjunction with environmental impact assessments.[2] SIA has been incorporated into the formal planning and approval processes in several countries, in order to categorize and assess how major developments may affect populations, groups, and settlements. Though the social impact assessment has long been considered subordinate to the environmental impact assessment, new models, such as the Environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), take a more integrated approach where equal weight is given to both the social and environmental impact assessments.[3]
Although the Social Impact Assessment is recognized and used as a methodology, to review its social effects on industry projects. The term SIA is more widely known in most European countries, whereas in North America, the term Cultural impact is more widely used. Cultural and social terms were first seen to describe a branch of anthropology. There are no significant differences between the two however, both terms overlap each other to a certain extent.[4]‘Cultural Anthropology’ as mentioned is more commonly used in the US, its term is well known to the early works of American anthropologists.[4] Some of the most prominent figures include Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict, they have both have stressed that unity in cultures through their language, behavior, ideologies, and material creations.[4] On the other hand, ‘Social Anthropology’ is a term developed over the 20th century primarily in Britain. Their emphasis on what social anthropology is, is based on social relationships. Although it is based more on a theoretical approach just like cultural anthropology; its emphasis is understanding the social impacts and relations in a particular society.[4]
Social Impact Assessmentedit
Social impact assessments are used to identify and manage the social impacts of industrial projects. These SIA can also be linked to Environmental impact assessments where there need to be policies, planning, and programming.[5] Examples of social impact assessments include looking at how people live in a society (kinship or nuclear setting), culture, community, medical knowledge, and political systems.[6] These examples showcase the emphasis on the environment and its effect on social impact. Applied anthropologists generally in SIA's identify and mitigate: who are the stakeholders, community, housing, workforce, health, and industry content.[6] In SIA's, one needs to identify the stakeholders, the type of communities who will be impacted in a positive or negative manner. Collecting data is also an expected task by looking at indigenous communities, culture, key industries, etc. Explaining methods that will be used in your SIA, Identifying possible direct social impacts as well as the time frame of these impacts, and lastly providing government legislation and policies that related to the SIA.[6] Just like with SIA, culture impact assessment (CIA) is essentially the same term and methodology as SIA. The only real difference is the fact that depending on what country you are in that they use the terms Social Impact Assessment (SIA) or Culture Impact Assessment (CIA).[7] There are initially ten steps that one takes to do an effective social impact assessment, as advised by The Guidelines and Principles For Social Impact Assessment.[8]
Formulate a public plan or policy that involves all potential parties.
Describe what your public plan is or policy .
Describe the environment or area specific to your public plan or policy and its conditions.
After you have formulated your practical understanding of your proposal, recognize the potential social impacts will be communicated to those who are affected.
Identify the potential social impacts.
Establish the consequences of social impacts.
Identify future impacts and growing social impacts.
Plan an alternative public plan or policy and its outcomes.
Formulate a mitigating plan.
Formulate a program that monitors every aspect of the plan.
^"What is Social Impact Assessment?". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
^Tilt, Bryan; Braun, Yvonne; He, Daming (2009). "Social impacts of large dam projects: A comparison of international case studies and implications for best practice". Journal of Environmental Management. 90: S249-57. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.030. PMID 19008036.
^Dendena, Bianca; Corsi, Stefano (2015). "The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment: a further step towards an integrated assessment process". Journal of Cleaner Production. 108: 965–66. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.110.
^ abcd"Social and Cultural Anthropology". www.discoveranthropology.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
^"Social Impact Assessment (SIA)" (PDF). International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
^ abcVanclay, Frank (March 2003). "International Principles for Social Impact Assessment: their evolution". Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 21 (1): 3–4. doi:10.3152/147154603781766464. ISSN 1461-5517. S2CID 140165360.
^"Social Impact Assessment: Integrating Social Issues in Development Projects". publications.iadb.org. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
^ ab"Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment". Impact Assessment. 12 (2): 107–152. June 1994. doi:10.1080/07349165.1994.9725857. ISSN 0734-9165.
Further readingedit
A listing of the key citations in social impact assessment, prepared by the International Association for Impact Assessment.
Barrow, C.J. 2000. Social Impact Assessment: An Introduction. London: Arnold.
Becker, H and F Vanclay. 2003. The International Handbook of Social Impact Assessment. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Becker, H.A., 1997. Social Impact Assessment: Method and Experience in Europe, North America and the developing world. London: UCL Press
Burdge, Rabel J. 2004. The concepts, process and methods of SIA. Middleton, WI: The Social Ecology Press. ISBN0-941042-35-9.
Burdge, Rabel J. 2004. A Community Guide to Social Impact Assessment. Middleton, WI: The Social Ecology Press ISBN0-941042-17-0.
Dufour, Bryan 2015. State of the art in social impact measurement: methods for work integration social enterprises measuring their impact in a public context, 5th EMES Conference
Franks, Daniel M. 2011. Management of the Social Impacts of Mining. In Peter Darling (Ed.), SME Mining Engineering Handbook Third ed. Chapter 17.4, pp. 1817–1825. Littleton, Colorado, USA: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
Franks, Daniel, Fidler, Courtney, Brereton, David, Vanclay, Frank and Clark, Phil (2009) Leading practice strategies for addressing the social impacts of resource developments 2018-04-21 at the Wayback Machine Brisbane, Australia: Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland & Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Queensland Government.
Franks, Daniel M 2012. Social impact assessment of resource projects. Mining for Development: Guide to Australian Practice, International Mining for Development Centre, Australian Government, University of Queensland and University of Western Australia.
Franks, D.M. and F Vanclay 2013. Social Impact Management Plans: Innovation in corporate and public policy, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 43, 40–48.
Hanna, P. & Vanclay, F. 2013. Human rights, Indigenous peoples and the concept of Free, Prior and Informed Consent, Impact Assessment & Project Appraisal, 31(2), 146–157.
Howitt, Richard 2003. , in: C.-Q. Liu, Z. Zhao, T. Xiao and J. Guha, Strategic Management of Environmental and Socio-Economic Issues: A Handbook. Guiyang, China, Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, 27-36
Howitt, R. 2001. Rethinking resource management: justice, sustainability and indigenous peoples. London: Routledge.
Kemp, D. & Vanclay, F. 2013. Human rights and impact assessment: clarifying the connections in practice, Impact Assessment & Project Appraisal 31(2), 86–96.
Terminski, B. 2015. Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Causes, Consequences and Socio-Legal Context, New York, Columbia University Press.
Kirkpatrick, C. and Lee, N., Editors, 1997. Sustainable development in a developing world: Integrating socioeconomic appraisal and environmental assessment. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Mayoux, L & R. Chambers 2005 Reversing the paradigm: quantification, participatory methods and pro-poor impact assessment. Journal of International Development 17(2) 271–298.
Roche, C. 1999. Impact assessment for development agencies. Learning to value change. Oxford: Oxfam
Taylor CN, Bryan CH, Goodrich CG. 2004. Social Assessment: theory, process and techniques. Middleton, WI: The Social Ecology Press ISBN0-941042-37-5.
Vanclay, F. 1999, ‘Social impact assessment’, in J. Petts (ed.) Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment (Vol 1), Oxford: Blackwell Science, pp. 301–26.
Vanclay, F. 2002a, ‘Conceptualising social impacts’, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 22(3), 183–211.
Vanclay, F. 2002b, ‘Social impact assessment’, in M. Tolba (ed.) Responding to Global Environmental Change, Chichester: Wiley, pp. 387–93.
Vanclay, F. 2003, ‘International principles for social impact assessment’, Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 21(1), 5–11.
Vanclay, F. 2006, ‘Principles for social impact assessment: a critical comparison between the international and US documents’, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 26 (1), 3–14.
Vanclay, F. 2014. Developments in Social Impact Assessment. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Vanclay, F. & Esteves A.M. 2011. New Directions in Social Impact Assessment. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Vanclay, F., Esteves, A.M., Aucamp, I. & Franks, D. 2015 Social Impact Assessment: Guidance for assessing and managing the social impacts of projects. Fargo ND: International Association for Impact Assessment, vii+98 pages
Wong, Cecilia H.M.; Ho, Wing-Chung (2015). "Roles of social impact assessment practitioners". Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 50: 124–133. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2014.09.008.
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning, Peninsular Malaysia 2012,'Manual for Social Impact Assessment Manual of Project Developmentt', ISBN978-983-2839-43-9
External linksedit
Website of the SIAhub, a sharing platform for SIA practitioners
The Social Performance practitioners platform, a community of practice for social performance practitioners working in the extractive industries
Malaysian Association of Social Impact Assessment (MSIA)
social, impact, assessment, methodology, review, social, effects, infrastructure, projects, other, development, interventions, although, usually, applied, planned, interventions, same, techniques, used, evaluate, social, impact, unplanned, events, example, dis. Social impact assessment SIA is a methodology to review the social effects of infrastructure projects and other development interventions Although SIA is usually applied to planned interventions the same techniques can be used to evaluate the social impact of unplanned events for example disasters demographic change and epidemics SIA is important in applied anthropology as its main goal is to be able to deliver positive social outcomes and eliminate any possible negative or long term effects 1 Contents 1 Overview 2 Social Impact Assessment 2 1 Steps of an effective SIA 8 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksOverview editThe origins of SIA largely derives from the environmental impact assessment EIA model which first emerged in the 1970s in the U S In the United States under the National Environmental Policy Act Social impact assessments are federally mandated and performed in conjunction with environmental impact assessments 2 SIA has been incorporated into the formal planning and approval processes in several countries in order to categorize and assess how major developments may affect populations groups and settlements Though the social impact assessment has long been considered subordinate to the environmental impact assessment new models such as the Environmental Social Impact Assessment ESIA take a more integrated approach where equal weight is given to both the social and environmental impact assessments 3 Although the Social Impact Assessment is recognized and used as a methodology to review its social effects on industry projects The term SIA is more widely known in most European countries whereas in North America the term Cultural impact is more widely used Cultural and social terms were first seen to describe a branch of anthropology There are no significant differences between the two however both terms overlap each other to a certain extent 4 Cultural Anthropology as mentioned is more commonly used in the US its term is well known to the early works of American anthropologists 4 Some of the most prominent figures include Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict they have both have stressed that unity in cultures through their language behavior ideologies and material creations 4 On the other hand Social Anthropology is a term developed over the 20th century primarily in Britain Their emphasis on what social anthropology is is based on social relationships Although it is based more on a theoretical approach just like cultural anthropology its emphasis is understanding the social impacts and relations in a particular society 4 Social Impact Assessment editSocial impact assessments are used to identify and manage the social impacts of industrial projects These SIA can also be linked to Environmental impact assessments where there need to be policies planning and programming 5 Examples of social impact assessments include looking at how people live in a society kinship or nuclear setting culture community medical knowledge and political systems 6 These examples showcase the emphasis on the environment and its effect on social impact Applied anthropologists generally in SIA s identify and mitigate who are the stakeholders community housing workforce health and industry content 6 In SIA s one needs to identify the stakeholders the type of communities who will be impacted in a positive or negative manner Collecting data is also an expected task by looking at indigenous communities culture key industries etc Explaining methods that will be used in your SIA Identifying possible direct social impacts as well as the time frame of these impacts and lastly providing government legislation and policies that related to the SIA 6 Just like with SIA culture impact assessment CIA is essentially the same term and methodology as SIA The only real difference is the fact that depending on what country you are in that they use the terms Social Impact Assessment SIA or Culture Impact Assessment CIA 7 There are initially ten steps that one takes to do an effective social impact assessment as advised by The Guidelines and Principles For Social Impact Assessment 8 Steps of an effective SIA 8 edit Formulate a public plan or policy that involves all potential parties Describe what your public plan is or policy Describe the environment or area specific to your public plan or policy and its conditions After you have formulated your practical understanding of your proposal recognize the potential social impacts will be communicated to those who are affected Identify the potential social impacts Establish the consequences of social impacts Identify future impacts and growing social impacts Plan an alternative public plan or policy and its outcomes Formulate a mitigating plan Formulate a program that monitors every aspect of the plan See also editB Corporation Economic impact analysis Life Cycle Thinking Social return on investment Stakeholder analysis Systems thinking Social earnings ratio True cost accountingReferences edit What is Social Impact Assessment ResearchGate Retrieved 2020 12 03 Tilt Bryan Braun Yvonne He Daming 2009 Social impacts of large dam projects A comparison of international case studies and implications for best practice Journal of Environmental Management 90 S249 57 doi 10 1016 j jenvman 2008 07 030 PMID 19008036 Dendena Bianca Corsi Stefano 2015 The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment a further step towards an integrated assessment process Journal of Cleaner Production 108 965 66 doi 10 1016 j jclepro 2015 07 110 a b c d Social and Cultural Anthropology www discoveranthropology org uk Retrieved 2020 12 04 Social Impact Assessment SIA PDF International Institute for Sustainable Development 2020 Retrieved December 4 2020 a b c Vanclay Frank March 2003 International Principles for Social Impact Assessment their evolution Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 21 1 3 4 doi 10 3152 147154603781766464 ISSN 1461 5517 S2CID 140165360 Social Impact Assessment Integrating Social Issues in Development Projects publications iadb org Retrieved 2020 12 06 a b Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment Impact Assessment 12 2 107 152 June 1994 doi 10 1080 07349165 1994 9725857 ISSN 0734 9165 Further reading editA listing of the key citations in social impact assessment prepared by the International Association for Impact Assessment Barrow C J 2000 Social Impact Assessment An Introduction London Arnold Becker H and F Vanclay 2003 The International Handbook of Social Impact Assessment Cheltenham Edward Elgar Becker H A 1997 Social Impact Assessment Method and Experience in Europe North America and the developing world London UCL Press Burdge Rabel J 2004 The concepts process and methods of SIA Middleton WI The Social Ecology Press ISBN 0 941042 35 9 Burdge Rabel J 2004 A Community Guide to Social Impact Assessment Middleton WI The Social Ecology Press ISBN 0 941042 17 0 Dufour Bryan 2015 State of the art in social impact measurement methods for work integration social enterprises measuring their impact in a public context 5th EMES Conference Franks Daniel M 2011 Management of the Social Impacts of Mining In Peter Darling Ed SME Mining Engineering Handbook Third ed Chapter 17 4 pp 1817 1825 Littleton Colorado USA Society for Mining Metallurgy and Exploration Franks Daniel Fidler Courtney Brereton David Vanclay Frank and Clark Phil 2009 Leading practice strategies for addressing the social impacts of resource developments Archived 2018 04 21 at the Wayback Machine Brisbane Australia Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining Sustainable Minerals Institute The University of Queensland amp Department of Employment Economic Development and Innovation Queensland Government Franks Daniel M 2012 Social impact assessment of resource projects Mining for Development Guide to Australian Practice International Mining for Development Centre Australian Government University of Queensland and University of Western Australia Franks D M and F Vanclay 2013 Social Impact Management Plans Innovation in corporate and public policy Environmental Impact Assessment Review 43 40 48 Hanna P amp Vanclay F 2013 Human rights Indigenous peoples and the concept of Free Prior and Informed Consent Impact Assessment amp Project Appraisal 31 2 146 157 Howitt Richard 2003 Local and non specialist participation in impact assessment in C Q Liu Z Zhao T Xiao and J Guha Strategic Management of Environmental and Socio Economic Issues A Handbook Guiyang China Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House 27 36 Howitt R 2001 Rethinking resource management justice sustainability and indigenous peoples London Routledge Kemp D amp Vanclay F 2013 Human rights and impact assessment clarifying the connections in practice Impact Assessment amp Project Appraisal 31 2 86 96 Terminski B 2015 Development Induced Displacement and Resettlement Causes Consequences and Socio Legal Context New York Columbia University Press Kirkpatrick C and Lee N Editors 1997 Sustainable development in a developing world Integrating socioeconomic appraisal and environmental assessment Cheltenham Edward Elgar Mayoux L amp R Chambers 2005 Reversing the paradigm quantification participatory methods and pro poor impact assessment Journal of International Development 17 2 271 298 Roche C 1999 Impact assessment for development agencies Learning to value change Oxford Oxfam Taylor CN Bryan CH Goodrich CG 2004 Social Assessment theory process and techniques Middleton WI The Social Ecology Press ISBN 0 941042 37 5 Vanclay F 1999 Social impact assessment in J Petts ed Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment Vol 1 Oxford Blackwell Science pp 301 26 Vanclay F 2002a Conceptualising social impacts Environmental Impact Assessment Review 22 3 183 211 Vanclay F 2002b Social impact assessment in M Tolba ed Responding to Global Environmental Change Chichester Wiley pp 387 93 Vanclay F 2003 International principles for social impact assessment Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 21 1 5 11 Vanclay F 2006 Principles for social impact assessment a critical comparison between the international and US documents Environmental Impact Assessment Review 26 1 3 14 Vanclay F 2014 Developments in Social Impact Assessment Cheltenham Edward Elgar Vanclay F amp Esteves A M 2011 New Directions in Social Impact Assessment Cheltenham Edward Elgar Vanclay F Esteves A M Aucamp I amp Franks D 2015 Social Impact Assessment Guidance for assessing and managing the social impacts of projects Fargo ND International Association for Impact Assessment vii 98 pages Wong Cecilia H M Ho Wing Chung 2015 Roles of social impact assessment practitioners Environmental Impact Assessment Review 50 124 133 doi 10 1016 j eiar 2014 09 008 Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia 2012 Manual for Social Impact Assessment Manual of Project Developmentt ISBN 978 983 2839 43 9External links editBelgian EU Presidency Summary on Social Impact Assessment Website of the SIAhub a sharing platform for SIA practitioners The Social Performance practitioners platform a community of practice for social performance practitioners working in the extractive industries International Principles for Social Impact Assessment US Principles and Guidelines for Social Impact Assessment International Association for Impact Assessment Wiki SIA page Using Stakeholder Network Analysis in Social Impact Assessment Malaysian Association of Social Impact Assessment MSIA Kakadu Region Social Impact Study Australia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Social impact assessment amp oldid 1198185236, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
