The farm Snottsta or Snåttsta, Old Norse: Snotastaðir, is still in the same spot, 1000 years after the rune stones were made as documentation of the rights of property of the estate.
The inscriptions are classified as being carved in the runestone style Pr3, which suggests that they were carved in the period 1050–1080. They were carved first, then U 20/21, and last Gerlög's Hillersjö stone.
The four runestones say that Ragnfast, Inga's husband has died. Ragnfast was the sole inheritor of the homestead Snottsta after his father Sigfast. The runestone standing at Vreta gives the central information "she inherited her child". This statement agrees with what is said on the Hillersjö stone (U 29), which is that Inga inherited her son, a son who was not named, probably because he was very young. The central message of these runestones is that Inga inherited Snottsta after Ragnfast died.
Further information which is provided by the runestones is that Ragnfast had a housecarl named Assur. Why this is important is not mentioned, but it is likely that Assur had a strong position in the clan and may have inherited some of Ragnfast's property.
Furthermore, the runestone U 329 contains some information about a third and a fourth woman, Estrid and Gyrid. It says that Ragnfast is the brother of Gyrid and Estrid, and the reason why this is mentioned is possibly because there was a disagreement about the inheritance. What is clear is that they are mentioned to explain how they relate to Inga.
Estrid is probably the same person as the Estrid who is mentioned on a number of the Jarlabanke Runestones in Täby and other locations (Broby bro Runestones, Hargs bro runic inscriptions and Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101, 143 and 147). This Estrid was the maternal ancestor of a great clan called the Jarlabanke clan, and she was the maternal grandmother of the powerful Jarlabanke who claimed to own all of Täby. The inscription on U 329, where Ragnfast's sister Estrid is mentioned, has been attributed to the runemaster named Fot who also made the runestones for the Jarlabanke clan. This strongly suggests that Estrid was born in Snottsta, married Östen of Täby and married for the second time in Harg near Snottsta.
This rune stone is raised beside a field along a dirt road. It was raised by Inga in memory of her husband Ragnfastr, and it mentions his two sisters Gyríðr and Ástríðr. This should be compared to U 331, below, which says that Ragnfastr was the only heir of the property and U 332 which says that Inga inherited her and Ragnfastr's children. Among the three women, it was Inga who eventually owned Snottsta.
Transliteration of the runes into Latin charactersEdit
Inga let ræisa stæina þasi æftiʀ Ragnfast, bonda sinn. Hann vaʀ broðiʀ Gyriðaʀ ok Æstriðaʀ.[1]
Translation in EnglishEdit
Inga had these stones raised in memory of Ragnfastr, her husbandman. He was Gyríðr's and Ástríðr's brother.[1]
U 330Edit
U 330.
This rune stone is raised at the foot of a hill in the centre of a field. It tells that Inga had it made together with a bridge and other stones (U 329 and possibly others that have disappeared) in honour of her husband Ragnfastr. It adds Assurr/Özurr, who was Ragnfastr's housecarl (a professional warrior), and it is probably to show visitors that Assurr was an important and valued person at the estate, and who probably had rights of inheritance. Assurr is identified with Andsvarr (an allomorph of Özurr and Assur) who was commemorated by his daughter Guðlaug on U 328, and Guðlaug may be the same Guðlaug as the one who raised the runestones U 133 and U 141 in memory of her son Holmi who fell in Italy, and who would be Assur's son.[2]
Transliteration of the runes into Latin charactersEdit
× inka × lit × raisa × staina × auk × bro × kiara × eftiʀ × raknfast × bont×a sin × asur × uaʀ × huskarl × hans ×[3]
Transcription into Old NorseEdit
Inga let ræisa stæina ok bro gærva æftiʀ Ragnfast, bonda sinn. Assurr vaʀ huskarl hans.[3]
Translation in EnglishEdit
Inga had the stones raised and the bridge made in memory of Ragnfastr, her husbandman. Ǫzurr was his housecarl.[3]
U 331Edit
U 331.
U 331 is not a rune stone, but a flat rock on which the inscription has been written down. In this inscription Inga told that her husband Ragnfastr had died and that he was the sole inheritor of his father Sigfastr. This should be compared with U 329, where his sisters are mentioned, sisters who consequently did not inherit their father.
Transliteration of the runes into Latin charactersEdit
× inka × lit × rista × runaʀ × eftiʀ × raknfast × bonta × sin + han × at[i +] ain ×× by × þina × eftiʀ × sikfast × faþur × sin × kuþ × hialbi × ant þaiʀa ×[4]
Transcription into Old NorseEdit
Inga let rista runaʀ æftiʀ Ragnfast, bonda sinn. Hann atti æinn by þenna æftiʀ Sigfast, faður sinn. Guð hialpi and þæiʀa.[4]
Translation in EnglishEdit
Inga had the runes carved in memory of Ragnfastr, her husbandman. He alone owned this estate after Sigfastr, his father. May God help their spirits.[4]
U 332Edit
The 18th century drawing.
The runestone at Vreta, U 332, has disappeared. Its inscription and designs are, however, known thanks to an 18th-century drawing. This rune stone was also raised by Inga, and it adds that both her husband Ragnfastr and their children were dead, as she had inherited them. The text also states that a staff was raised in memory of Ragnfastr. Other inscriptions that indicate that a staff was raised include Sö 196 in Kolsundet, Vs 1 in Stora Ryttern, U 226 in Bällsta, and the now-lost U 849 in Balingsta.[5] On three other inscriptions, DR 40 in Randbøl, Sm 16 in Nöbbele, and Sö 56 in Fyrby, the word "staff" may refer to the staves of the runes in the text.[5] The Hillersjö stone (U 29) ends the family saga by telling that Inga had died without living children and that the property had passed to her mother Gerlög on the island of Färingsö.
Transliteration of the runes into Latin charactersEdit
inka * raisti * staf * auk * staina * at * raknfast * bonta * sin * han * kuam * at * arfi barn * sins *[6]
Transcription into Old NorseEdit
Inga ræisti staf ok stæina at Ragnfast, bonda sinn. H[o]n kvam at arfi barns sins.[6]
Translation in EnglishEdit
Inga raised the staff and stones in memory of Ragnfastr, her husbandman. She came to inherit from her children.[6]
^ abcProject Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk – Rundata entry for U 332.
SourcesEdit
Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus'. Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. ISBN0-674-64465-4
Zilmer, Kristel (2005). (PDF) (Thesis). Tartu University Press. ISBN9949-11-090-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20.
Inga och Estrid - en såpa för tusen år sedan: Människor, händelser och platser i Ingas och Estrids liv. A webpage of the Museum of Stockholm County.
October 15, 2023
snottsta, vreta, stones, farm, snottsta, snåttsta, norse, snotastaðir, still, same, spot, 1000, years, after, rune, stones, were, made, documentation, rights, property, estate, individual, runestones, known, they, found, homesteads, snottsta, also, spelled, sn. 59 37 N 18 07 E 59 617 N 18 117 E 59 617 18 117 The farm Snottsta or Snattsta Old Norse Snotastadir is still in the same spot 1000 years after the rune stones were made as documentation of the rights of property of the estate The Snottsta and Vreta stones are individual runestones known as U 329 U 330 U 331 and U 332 They are found on the homesteads of Snottsta also spelled Snattsta and Vreta and they tell in Old Norse with the younger futhark about the family story of Gerlog and Inga in 11th century Uppland Sweden together with the Hillersjo stone U 29 and the runestone U 20 21 The inscriptions are classified as being carved in the runestone style Pr3 which suggests that they were carved in the period 1050 1080 They were carved first then U 20 21 and last Gerlog s Hillersjo stone The four runestones say that Ragnfast Inga s husband has died Ragnfast was the sole inheritor of the homestead Snottsta after his father Sigfast The runestone standing at Vreta gives the central information she inherited her child This statement agrees with what is said on the Hillersjo stone U 29 which is that Inga inherited her son a son who was not named probably because he was very young The central message of these runestones is that Inga inherited Snottsta after Ragnfast died Further information which is provided by the runestones is that Ragnfast had a housecarl named Assur Why this is important is not mentioned but it is likely that Assur had a strong position in the clan and may have inherited some of Ragnfast s property Furthermore the runestone U 329 contains some information about a third and a fourth woman Estrid and Gyrid It says that Ragnfast is the brother of Gyrid and Estrid and the reason why this is mentioned is possibly because there was a disagreement about the inheritance What is clear is that they are mentioned to explain how they relate to Inga Estrid is probably the same person as the Estrid who is mentioned on a number of the Jarlabanke Runestones in Taby and other locations Broby bro Runestones Hargs bro runic inscriptions and Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101 143 and 147 This Estrid was the maternal ancestor of a great clan called the Jarlabanke clan and she was the maternal grandmother of the powerful Jarlabanke who claimed to own all of Taby The inscription on U 329 where Ragnfast s sister Estrid is mentioned has been attributed to the runemaster named Fot who also made the runestones for the Jarlabanke clan This strongly suggests that Estrid was born in Snottsta married Osten of Taby and married for the second time in Harg near Snottsta Contents 1 U 329 1 1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1 2 Transcription into Old Norse 1 3 Translation in English 2 U 330 2 1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 2 2 Transcription into Old Norse 2 3 Translation in English 3 U 331 3 1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 3 2 Transcription into Old Norse 3 3 Translation in English 4 U 332 4 1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 4 2 Transcription into Old Norse 4 3 Translation in English 5 See also 6 Notes 7 SourcesU 329 Edit nbsp U 329 This rune stone is raised beside a field along a dirt road It was raised by Inga in memory of her husband Ragnfastr and it mentions his two sisters Gyridr and Astridr This should be compared to U 331 below which says that Ragnfastr was the only heir of the property and U 332 which says that Inga inherited her and Ragnfastr s children Among the three women it was Inga who eventually owned Snottsta Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters Edit inka lit raisa staina thasi eftiʀ raknfast bonta sin han uaʀ brothiʀ kurithaʀ auk estrithaʀ 1 Transcription into Old Norse Edit Inga let raeisa staeina thasi aeftiʀ Ragnfast bonda sinn Hann vaʀ brodiʀ Gyridaʀ ok AEstridaʀ 1 Translation in English Edit Inga had these stones raised in memory of Ragnfastr her husbandman He was Gyridr s and Astridr s brother 1 U 330 Edit nbsp U 330 This rune stone is raised at the foot of a hill in the centre of a field It tells that Inga had it made together with a bridge and other stones U 329 and possibly others that have disappeared in honour of her husband Ragnfastr It adds Assurr Ozurr who was Ragnfastr s housecarl a professional warrior and it is probably to show visitors that Assurr was an important and valued person at the estate and who probably had rights of inheritance Assurr is identified with Andsvarr an allomorph of Ozurr and Assur who was commemorated by his daughter Gudlaug on U 328 and Gudlaug may be the same Gudlaug as the one who raised the runestones U 133 and U 141 in memory of her son Holmi who fell in Italy and who would be Assur s son 2 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters Edit inka lit raisa staina auk bro kiara eftiʀ raknfast bont a sin asur uaʀ huskarl hans 3 Transcription into Old Norse Edit Inga let raeisa staeina ok bro gaerva aeftiʀ Ragnfast bonda sinn Assurr vaʀ huskarl hans 3 Translation in English Edit Inga had the stones raised and the bridge made in memory of Ragnfastr her husbandman Ǫzurr was his housecarl 3 U 331 Edit nbsp U 331 U 331 is not a rune stone but a flat rock on which the inscription has been written down In this inscription Inga told that her husband Ragnfastr had died and that he was the sole inheritor of his father Sigfastr This should be compared with U 329 where his sisters are mentioned sisters who consequently did not inherit their father Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters Edit inka lit rista runaʀ eftiʀ raknfast bonta sin han at i ain by thina eftiʀ sikfast fathur sin kuth hialbi ant thaiʀa 4 Transcription into Old Norse Edit Inga let rista runaʀ aeftiʀ Ragnfast bonda sinn Hann atti aeinn by thenna aeftiʀ Sigfast fadur sinn Gud hialpi and thaeiʀa 4 Translation in English Edit Inga had the runes carved in memory of Ragnfastr her husbandman He alone owned this estate after Sigfastr his father May God help their spirits 4 U 332 Edit nbsp The 18th century drawing The runestone at Vreta U 332 has disappeared Its inscription and designs are however known thanks to an 18th century drawing This rune stone was also raised by Inga and it adds that both her husband Ragnfastr and their children were dead as she had inherited them The text also states that a staff was raised in memory of Ragnfastr Other inscriptions that indicate that a staff was raised include So 196 in Kolsundet Vs 1 in Stora Ryttern U 226 in Ballsta and the now lost U 849 in Balingsta 5 On three other inscriptions DR 40 in Randbol Sm 16 in Nobbele and So 56 in Fyrby the word staff may refer to the staves of the runes in the text 5 The Hillersjo stone U 29 ends the family saga by telling that Inga had died without living children and that the property had passed to her mother Gerlog on the island of Faringso Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters Edit inka raisti staf auk staina at raknfast bonta sin han kuam at arfi barn sins 6 Transcription into Old Norse Edit Inga raeisti staf ok staeina at Ragnfast bonda sinn H o n kvam at arfi barns sins 6 Translation in English Edit Inga raised the staff and stones in memory of Ragnfastr her husbandman She came to inherit from her children 6 See also EditList of runestonesNotes Edit a b c Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata entry for U 329 Pritsak 1981 391 392 a b c Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata entry for U 330 a b c Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata entry for U 331 a b Zilmer 2005 156 a b c Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata entry for U 332 Sources EditPritsak Omeljan 1981 The Origin of Rus Cambridge Mass Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute ISBN 0 674 64465 4 Zilmer Kristel 2005 He Drowned in Holmr s Sea His Cargo Ship Drfted to the Sea Bottom Only Three Came Out Alive Records and Representations of Baltic Traffic in the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages in Early Nordic Sources PDF Thesis Tartu University Press ISBN 9949 11 090 4 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 20 Inga och Estrid en sapa for tusen ar sedan Manniskor handelser och platser i Ingas och Estrids liv A webpage of the Museum of Stockholm County Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Snottsta and Vreta stones amp oldid 1085810930, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
