In 1859, the Pike's Peak Gold Rush prompted increased exploration of the westward path from the Missouri River through the dangerously vast Kansas Territory prairie. Emigration by gold prospectors was enticed greatly by a deluge of newspaper articles with wild claims of efficiency and natural provisions of the Smoky Hill Trail. These were especially published in towns competing as Smoky Hill Trail launch stations for the gold rush. Several routes were explored by individual emigrant parties. Many who attempted the Smoky Hill Trail got repeatedly lost from it or found no natural provisions, contrary to the published reports and guidebooks, culminating in one infamous case of cannibalism. The Rocky Mountain News said "for the benefit of speculators and lot owners, in prospective towns along the line of travel, has been tried once over this fated Smoky Hell route with only too lamentable success, and its instigators stand to-day, in the sight of Heaven, guilty of manslaughter, to say the least".[3]
In 1860, a few officially organized expeditions were sponsored by a collective fundraiser among the city of Leavenworth and various towns along the Kansas Valley and the Kansas River. The resulting road and guide reports were far too late, because the Pike's Peak Gold Rush embarkment traffic had peaked in 1859, was substantial in 1860, and was depleted by 1861. The official road-building expedition's markers were already eroding due to wild buffalo migration by then.[3]
The Smoky Hill Trail continued as a path westward for American settlers, while considered the forerunner of an impending railroad.[3][4][1][5] Beginning in 1865, the trail was the route for the short-lived Butterfield Overland Despatch serving freight and passengers.[6] To protect travelers, the United States Army established several forts along the trail, including Fort Downer, Fort Harker, Fort Hays, Fort Monument, and Fort Wallace.[7] In 1867, the Comanche and the Kiowa, and in 1868, the Sioux and the Arapaho signed treaties withdrawing their opposition to the construction of a railroad along the Smoky Hill River.[6] The Kansas Pacific Railway was completed in 1870, rendering the Smoky Hill Trail obsolete.[8]
^ ab"Smoky Hill Trail and Butterfield Overland Despatch". Kansas Historical Society. November 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
^ ab"Who We Are..." Smoky Hill Trail Association. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
^ abcdGower, Calvin W. (Summer 1959). "The Pike's Peak Gold Rush and the Smoky Hill Route, 1859–1860". Kansas Historical Quarterly. 25 (2): 158–171. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^ ab. Cherry Creek Valley Historical Society. Archived from the original on February 14, 2004. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^ abWeiser, Kathy (November 2012). "Smoky Hill Trail - Heading for Gold". Legends of America. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
^ abRoot, George A. (February 1935). . Kansas Historical Quarterly. 4 (1): 3–22. Archived from the original on January 28, 2003.
^Chinn, Stephen; Richard A. Ensminger (October 11, 1993). "Kansas Forts". Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^"Cherry Creek State Park Marker Text". Colorado Historical Society. 2002. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
January 01, 1970
smoky, hill, trail, through, smoky, hills, central, great, plains, north, america, from, 1855, 1870, before, american, colonization, land, along, smoky, hill, river, favored, hunting, ground, plains, indians, ancient, american, indian, trail, this, gave, rise,. The Smoky Hill Trail ran through the Smoky Hills in central Great Plains of North America and was in use from 1855 to 1870 1 2 Before American colonization the land along the Smoky Hill River was favored hunting ground for the Plains Indians and had an ancient American Indian trail This gave rise to the establishment of the Smoky Hill Trail across what was then Kansas Territory 3 4 It extended west from Atchison Kansas to the Kansas River then along the Smoky Hill River and finally to Denver spanning the width of what became the state of Kansas and the eastern portion of Colorado 2 The trail was named after the Smoky Hill River whose course it paralleled for much of its length 5 Smoky Hill TrailRoute informationLength592 mi 953 km Existed1855 169 years ago 1855 1870 1870 Major junctionsEast endAtchison KansasWest endDenver ColoradoLocationCountryUnited StatesHighway system In 1859 the Pike s Peak Gold Rush prompted increased exploration of the westward path from the Missouri River through the dangerously vast Kansas Territory prairie Emigration by gold prospectors was enticed greatly by a deluge of newspaper articles with wild claims of efficiency and natural provisions of the Smoky Hill Trail These were especially published in towns competing as Smoky Hill Trail launch stations for the gold rush Several routes were explored by individual emigrant parties Many who attempted the Smoky Hill Trail got repeatedly lost from it or found no natural provisions contrary to the published reports and guidebooks culminating in one infamous case of cannibalism The Rocky Mountain News said for the benefit of speculators and lot owners in prospective towns along the line of travel has been tried once over this fated Smoky Hell route with only too lamentable success and its instigators stand to day in the sight of Heaven guilty of manslaughter to say the least 3 In 1860 a few officially organized expeditions were sponsored by a collective fundraiser among the city of Leavenworth and various towns along the Kansas Valley and the Kansas River The resulting road and guide reports were far too late because the Pike s Peak Gold Rush embarkment traffic had peaked in 1859 was substantial in 1860 and was depleted by 1861 The official road building expedition s markers were already eroding due to wild buffalo migration by then 3 The Smoky Hill Trail continued as a path westward for American settlers while considered the forerunner of an impending railroad 3 4 1 5 Beginning in 1865 the trail was the route for the short lived Butterfield Overland Despatch serving freight and passengers 6 To protect travelers the United States Army established several forts along the trail including Fort Downer Fort Harker Fort Hays Fort Monument and Fort Wallace 7 In 1867 the Comanche and the Kiowa and in 1868 the Sioux and the Arapaho signed treaties withdrawing their opposition to the construction of a railroad along the Smoky Hill River 6 The Kansas Pacific Railway was completed in 1870 rendering the Smoky Hill Trail obsolete 8 Gallery edit nbsp Smoky Hill Trail Marker on Pioneer Monument nbsp Pioneer Monument Denver Colorado nbsp Route of the Butterfield Overland Despatch along the Smoky Hill Trail References edit a b Smoky Hill Trail and Butterfield Overland Despatch Kansas Historical Society November 2011 Retrieved June 17 2013 a b Who We Are Smoky Hill Trail Association Retrieved June 17 2013 a b c d Gower Calvin W Summer 1959 The Pike s Peak Gold Rush and the Smoky Hill Route 1859 1860 Kansas Historical Quarterly 25 2 158 171 Retrieved July 25 2009 a b Smoky Hill Trail History Cherry Creek Valley Historical Society Archived from the original on February 14 2004 Retrieved July 25 2009 a b Weiser Kathy November 2012 Smoky Hill Trail Heading for Gold Legends of America Retrieved June 17 2013 a b Root George A February 1935 Ferries in Kansas Part VI Smoky Hill River Kansas Historical Quarterly 4 1 3 22 Archived from the original on January 28 2003 Chinn Stephen Richard A Ensminger October 11 1993 Kansas Forts Retrieved July 25 2009 Cherry Creek State Park Marker Text Colorado Historical Society 2002 Retrieved July 25 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Smoky Hill Trail amp oldid 1164071146, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
