fbpx
Wikipedia

Smoking in Italy

February 18, 2024

Smoking in Italy has been banned in public places including bars, restaurants, discotheques and offices since 2005.[1] A majority of Italians supported the ban at the time it was first implemented,[1] but there was a lack of support from smokers and some bar owners.[2] 5% of bar and restaurant owners immediately introduced separate smoking rooms.[2]

History edit

Christopher Columbus was the first European to discover tobacco. He described how indigenous people in Cuba used tobacco by lighting dried herbs wrapped in a leaf and inhaling the smoke.[3] According to ItalianSmokes.com, in 1561, Bishop Prospero Santacroce while in Portugal discovered the healing properties of a tobacco type called Nicotiana Rustica. He then brought the seeds back to Italy. Around 1574, Niccolo Tornabuoni, who served as the Florentine ambassador to Paris, introduced the seeds of another tobacco variety known as Nicotiana Tabacum to Tuscany. By the end of the 16th century, various new strains were derived and were cultivated in Tuscany, Lombardy, Piedmont, Veneto, Marche, Umbria, Campania, Sardinia, and Sicily. For more than 300 years, the growth of tobacco in Italy was influenced by a complex taxes and regulations imposed by the different states before their unification into the modern nation in 1859. In 1861 the government created the national monopoly Monopolio dello Stato to purchase all tobacco leaves and manufacture and sell tobacco products,[4] After 1818 Kentucky tobacco was farmed and fermented in Tuscany and Umbria, and is responsible for the commercial success of the Toscano cigar.[5] After 1919 cigarettes became dominant among men, Women slowly adopted smoking--fewer than 10% in 1965.[6] Philip Morris advertised heavily in Italy and across Western Europe, especially through sponsorship of Formula I auto racing. By 1975 its Marlboro brand held a fourth of Italy’s cigarette market.[7]

Since 1975 edit

Early anti-smoking legislation was introduced in Italy, when on 11 November 1975 law no. 584 was passed, prohibiting smoking on public transport and in some public places such as hospitals, cinemas, theaters, universities, museums, and libraries.[8][9] In 1986, Health Minister Costante Degan unsuccessfully tried to implement a smoking ban in bars and restaurants, but the push would be neglected amid other concerns.[8]

After almost two decades, a comprehensive ban of smoking in all public places was finally introduced by Health Minister Girolamo Sirchia on 16 January 2003, making Italy the 4th European country to introduce a smoking ban in all public places.[10] Heart attacks in Italian adults dropped significantly following the implementation of the smoking ban.[11] The decline in heart attacks was attributed to less passive smoking.[12] Health Minister Girolamo Sirchia said that smoking was the leading preventable cause of death in Italy.[2] The ban caused an 8% decrease in cigarette consumption.[13] However, rates of law enforcement are not uniform in the country; higher in Northern Italy, Tuscany and Sardinia, much lower in Southern Italy, especially in Calabria (70%) and Campania (76%).[14]

Prevalence edit

The smoking rate in Italy between 2000 and 2020 is about 23.7%; slightly higher than the United States' 21.8%. Furthermore, data shows a general downward trend in smoking rate between 2000 and 2016. In 2005 when smoking was banned in public places the rate was about 25.6% and fell to the current level of about 23.7% showing that the law did in fact limit and discourage citizens from smoking.[15]

Zeno's Conscience edit

Zeno's Conscience is a 1923 novel by Italian writer Italo Svevo; the English translation is entitled Confessions of Zeno. The main character is Zeno Cosini, and the book is the fictional character's memoirs that he keeps because his fictional psychiatrist recommended it. Zeno first writes about his cigarette addiction and cites the first times he smoked. In his first few paragraphs, he remembers his life as a child. One of his friends bought cigarettes for his brother and him. Soon, he steals money from his father to buy tobacco, but finally decides not to do this out of shame. Eventually, he starts to smoke his father's half-smoked cigars instead.

The problem with his "last cigarette" starts when he is twenty. He contracts a fever and his doctor tells him that to heal he must abstain from smoking. He decides smoking is bad for him and smokes his "last cigarette" so he can quit. However, this is not his last and he soon becomes plagued with "last cigarettes." He attempts to quit on days of important events in his life and soon obsessively attempts to quit on the basis of the harmony in the numbers of dates. Each time, the cigarette fails to truly be the last. He goes to doctors and asks friends to help him give up the habit, but to no avail. He even commits himself into a clinic, but escapes. The whole theme, while objectively serious, is often treated in a humorous way.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Smoking Ban Begins in Italy". Deutsche Welle. October 2005. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  2. ^ a b c "Italians fume over cigarette curb". BBC News. 10 January 2005. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  3. ^ John M. Kingsbury, "Christopher Columbus as a botanist." Arnoldia 52.2 (1992): 11-28.
  4. ^ See History of tobacco in Italy from ItalianSmokes.com.
  5. ^ F. Testa, and A. Marconi, The Toscano: The Complete Guide To The Italian Cigar (Giunti, 2001) pp. 102-114.
  6. ^ Carl Ipsen, Fumo: Italy's Love Affair with the Cigarette (Stanford 2016) pp. 5, 110.
  7. ^ Jordan Goodman, Tobacco: Its History and Culture (2 vol. 2005) 1:334.
  8. ^ a b "Ristoranti, ospedali e teatri: quando fumare non era un tabù". La Repubblica. 2015-11-11. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  9. ^ "Italy Details | Tobacco Control Laws". www.tobaccocontrollaws.org. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  10. ^ "Italians fume over cigarette curb". BBC News. 10 January 2005. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  11. ^ "Heart Attacks Decreased After Public Smoking Ban In Italy". ScienceDaily. 12 February 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  12. ^ Kahn, Michael (11 February 2008). "Heart attacks drop after Italy's smoking ban: study". Reuters. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  13. ^ Dobson, Roger (19 November 2005). "Italy's ban on smoking in public places has led to 8% drop in consumption". BMJ. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  14. ^ "Sorveglianza Passi – Rapporto nazionale Passi 2012: esposizione al fumo passivo" (in Italian). Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  15. ^ "Italy Smoking Rate 2000-2020". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2020-04-20.

Further reading edit

  • Corti, Count. A history of smoking (Bracken 1996 reprint; 1931) online
  • Gallus, Silvano, et al. "Who smokes in Europe? Data from 12 European countries in the TackSHS survey (2017–2018)." Journal of epidemiology 31.2 (2021): 145-151. online
  • Giskes, Katrina, et al. "Trends in smoking behaviour between 1985 and 2000 in nine European countries by education." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 59.5 (2005): 395-401. online
  • Ipsen, Carl. Fumo: Italy's Love Affair with the Cigarette (Stanford University Press, 2016) online review
  • Ipsen, Carl. "Smoking in Italy since World War II," Health and Mortality (May 2, 2016) online, with graphics
  • La Vecchia, Carlo. "Smoking in Italy, 1949–1983." Preventive medicine 15.3 (1986): 274-281.
  • Liu, Xiaoqiu, et al. "Electronic cigarettes in Italy: a tool for harm reduction or a gateway to smoking tobacco?" Tobacco control 29.2 (2020): 148-152.
  • Testa, F., and A. Marconi. The Toscano: The Complete Guide To The Italian Cigar (Giunti, 2001)

External links edit

  • History of tobacco in Italy from ItalianSmokes.com


 

This Italy-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

February 18, 2024
smoking, italy, been, banned, public, places, including, bars, restaurants, discotheques, offices, since, 2005, majority, italians, supported, time, first, implemented, there, lack, support, from, smokers, some, owners, restaurant, owners, immediately, introdu. Smoking in Italy has been banned in public places including bars restaurants discotheques and offices since 2005 1 A majority of Italians supported the ban at the time it was first implemented 1 but there was a lack of support from smokers and some bar owners 2 5 of bar and restaurant owners immediately introduced separate smoking rooms 2 Contents 1 History 1 1 Since 1975 2 Prevalence 3 Zeno s Conscience 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksHistory editChristopher Columbus was the first European to discover tobacco He described how indigenous people in Cuba used tobacco by lighting dried herbs wrapped in a leaf and inhaling the smoke 3 According to ItalianSmokes com in 1561 Bishop Prospero Santacroce while in Portugal discovered the healing properties of a tobacco type called Nicotiana Rustica He then brought the seeds back to Italy Around 1574 Niccolo Tornabuoni who served as the Florentine ambassador to Paris introduced the seeds of another tobacco variety known as Nicotiana Tabacum to Tuscany By the end of the 16th century various new strains were derived and were cultivated in Tuscany Lombardy Piedmont Veneto Marche Umbria Campania Sardinia and Sicily For more than 300 years the growth of tobacco in Italy was influenced by a complex taxes and regulations imposed by the different states before their unification into the modern nation in 1859 In 1861 the government created the national monopoly Monopolio dello Stato to purchase all tobacco leaves and manufacture and sell tobacco products 4 After 1818 Kentucky tobacco was farmed and fermented in Tuscany and Umbria and is responsible for the commercial success of the Toscano cigar 5 After 1919 cigarettes became dominant among men Women slowly adopted smoking fewer than 10 in 1965 6 Philip Morris advertised heavily in Italy and across Western Europe especially through sponsorship of Formula I auto racing By 1975 its Marlboro brand held a fourth of Italy s cigarette market 7 Since 1975 edit Early anti smoking legislation was introduced in Italy when on 11 November 1975 law no 584 was passed prohibiting smoking on public transport and in some public places such as hospitals cinemas theaters universities museums and libraries 8 9 In 1986 Health Minister Costante Degan unsuccessfully tried to implement a smoking ban in bars and restaurants but the push would be neglected amid other concerns 8 After almost two decades a comprehensive ban of smoking in all public places was finally introduced by Health Minister Girolamo Sirchia on 16 January 2003 making Italy the 4th European country to introduce a smoking ban in all public places 10 Heart attacks in Italian adults dropped significantly following the implementation of the smoking ban 11 The decline in heart attacks was attributed to less passive smoking 12 Health Minister Girolamo Sirchia said that smoking was the leading preventable cause of death in Italy 2 The ban caused an 8 decrease in cigarette consumption 13 However rates of law enforcement are not uniform in the country higher in Northern Italy Tuscany and Sardinia much lower in Southern Italy especially in Calabria 70 and Campania 76 14 Prevalence editThe smoking rate in Italy between 2000 and 2020 is about 23 7 slightly higher than the United States 21 8 Furthermore data shows a general downward trend in smoking rate between 2000 and 2016 In 2005 when smoking was banned in public places the rate was about 25 6 and fell to the current level of about 23 7 showing that the law did in fact limit and discourage citizens from smoking 15 Zeno s Conscience editZeno s Conscience is a 1923 novel by Italian writer Italo Svevo the English translation is entitled Confessions of Zeno The main character is Zeno Cosini and the book is the fictional character s memoirs that he keeps because his fictional psychiatrist recommended it Zeno first writes about his cigarette addiction and cites the first times he smoked In his first few paragraphs he remembers his life as a child One of his friends bought cigarettes for his brother and him Soon he steals money from his father to buy tobacco but finally decides not to do this out of shame Eventually he starts to smoke his father s half smoked cigars instead The problem with his last cigarette starts when he is twenty He contracts a fever and his doctor tells him that to heal he must abstain from smoking He decides smoking is bad for him and smokes his last cigarette so he can quit However this is not his last and he soon becomes plagued with last cigarettes He attempts to quit on days of important events in his life and soon obsessively attempts to quit on the basis of the harmony in the numbers of dates Each time the cigarette fails to truly be the last He goes to doctors and asks friends to help him give up the habit but to no avail He even commits himself into a clinic but escapes The whole theme while objectively serious is often treated in a humorous way See also editHealth in Italy Zeno s Conscience 1923 novel about smokingReferences edit a b Smoking Ban Begins in Italy Deutsche Welle October 2005 Retrieved 6 August 2010 a b c Italians fume over cigarette curb BBC News 10 January 2005 Retrieved 6 August 2010 John M Kingsbury Christopher Columbus as a botanist Arnoldia 52 2 1992 11 28 See History of tobacco in Italy from ItalianSmokes com F Testa and A Marconi The Toscano The Complete Guide To The Italian Cigar Giunti 2001 pp 102 114 Carl Ipsen Fumo Italy s Love Affair with the Cigarette Stanford 2016 pp 5 110 Jordan Goodman Tobacco Its History and Culture 2 vol 2005 1 334 a b Ristoranti ospedali e teatri quando fumare non era un tabu La Repubblica 2015 11 11 Retrieved 2020 10 13 Italy Details Tobacco Control Laws www tobaccocontrollaws org Retrieved 2020 10 13 Italians fume over cigarette curb BBC News 10 January 2005 Retrieved 14 April 2022 Heart Attacks Decreased After Public Smoking Ban In Italy ScienceDaily 12 February 2008 Retrieved 6 August 2010 Kahn Michael 11 February 2008 Heart attacks drop after Italy s smoking ban study Reuters Retrieved 6 August 2010 Dobson Roger 19 November 2005 Italy s ban on smoking in public places has led to 8 drop in consumption BMJ Retrieved 6 August 2010 Sorveglianza Passi Rapporto nazionale Passi 2012 esposizione al fumo passivo in Italian Retrieved 11 August 2013 Italy Smoking Rate 2000 2020 www macrotrends net Retrieved 2020 04 20 Further reading editCorti Count A history of smoking Bracken 1996 reprint 1931 online Gallus Silvano et al Who smokes in Europe Data from 12 European countries in the TackSHS survey 2017 2018 Journal of epidemiology 31 2 2021 145 151 onlineGiskes Katrina et al Trends in smoking behaviour between 1985 and 2000 in nine European countries by education Journal of Epidemiology amp Community Health 59 5 2005 395 401 onlineIpsen Carl Fumo Italy s Love Affair with the Cigarette Stanford University Press 2016 online review Ipsen Carl Smoking in Italy since World War II Health and Mortality May 2 2016 online with graphics La Vecchia Carlo Smoking in Italy 1949 1983 Preventive medicine 15 3 1986 274 281 Liu Xiaoqiu et al Electronic cigarettes in Italy a tool for harm reduction or a gateway to smoking tobacco Tobacco control 29 2 2020 148 152 Testa F and A Marconi The Toscano The Complete Guide To The Italian Cigar Giunti 2001 External links editHistory of tobacco in Italy from ItalianSmokes com nbsp This Italy related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Smoking in Italy amp oldid 1170384782, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.