Isotopes of silver

Naturally occurring silver (₄₇Ag) is composed of the two stable isotopes ¹⁰⁷Ag and ¹⁰⁹Ag in almost equal proportions, with ¹⁰⁷Ag being slightly more abundant (51.839% natural abundance). Notably, silver is the only element with all stable istopes having nuclear spins of 1/2. Thus both ¹⁰⁷Ag and ¹⁰⁹Ag nuclei produce narrow lines in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.^[4]

Isotopes of silver (₄₇Ag)

Main isotopes^[1] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct ^105Ag synth 41.3 d ε ^105Pd γ – ^106mAg synth 8.28 d ε ^106Pd γ – ^107Ag 51.8% stable ^108mAg synth 439 y ε ^108Pd IT ^108Ag γ – ^109Ag 48.2% stable ^110m2Ag synth 249.86 d β^− ^110Cd γ – ^111Ag synth 7.43 d β^− ^111Cd γ –
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ag)
	107.8682±0.0002^[2] 107.87±0.01 (abridged)^[3]
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40 radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being ¹⁰⁵Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, ¹¹¹Ag with a half-life of 7.43 days, and ¹¹²Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours.

All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than an hour, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 3 minutes. This element has numerous meta states, with the most stable being ^108mAg (half-life 439 years), ^110mAg (half-life 249.86 days) and ^106mAg (half-life 8.28 days).

Isotopes of silver range in atomic weight from 91.960 u (⁹²Ag) to 132.969 u (¹³³Ag). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁰⁷Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before ¹⁰⁷Ag are palladium (element 46) isotopes and the primary products after are cadmium (element 48) isotopes.

The palladium isotope ¹⁰⁷Pd decays by beta emission to ¹⁰⁷Ag with a half-life of 6.5 million years. Iron meteorites are the only objects with a high enough palladium/silver ratio to yield measurable variations in ¹⁰⁷Ag abundance. Radiogenic ¹⁰⁷Ag was first discovered in the Santa Clara meteorite in 1978.

The discoverers suggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small planets may have occurred 10 million years after a nucleosynthetic event. ¹⁰⁷Pd versus ¹⁰⁷Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since the accretion of the Solar System, must reflect the presence of live short-lived nuclides in the early Solar System.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^[n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[5] ^[n 2]^[n 3]	Half-life^[1] ^[n 4]	Decay mode^[1] ^[n 5]	Daughter isotope ^[n 6]^[n 7]	Spin and parity^[1] ^[n 8]^[n 4]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
	Excitation energy^[n 4]							Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
^92Ag	47	45	91.95971(43)#	1# ms [>400 ns]	β^+	^92Pd
					p	^91Pd
^93Ag	47	46	92.95019(43)#	228(16) ns	β^+	^93Pd	9/2+#
					p	^92Pd
					β^+, p	^92Rh
^94Ag	47	47	93.94374(43)#	27(2) ms	β^+ (>99.8%)	^94Pd	0+#
					β^+, p (<0.2%)	^93Rh
^94m1Ag	1350(400)# keV			470(10) ms	β^+ (83%)	^94Pd	(7+)
					β^+, p (17%)	^93Rh
^94m2Ag	6500(550)# keV			400(40) ms	β^+ (~68.4%)	^94Pd	(21+)
					β^+, p (~27%)	^93Rh
					p (4.1%)	^93Pd
					2p (0.5%)	^92Rh
^95Ag	47	48	94.93569(43)#	1.78(6) s	β^+ (97.7%)	^95Pd	(9/2+)
					β^+, p (2.3%)	^94Rh
^95m1Ag	344.2(3) keV			<0.5 s	IT	^95Ag	(1/2−)
^95m2Ag	2531.3(15) keV			<16 ms	IT	^95Ag	(23/2+)
^95m3Ag	4860.0(15) keV			<40 ms	IT	^95Ag	(37/2+)
^96Ag	47	49	95.93074(10)	4.45(3) s	β^+ (95.8%)	^96Pd	(8+)
					β^+, p (4.2%)	^95Rh
^96m1Ag	0(50)# keV			6.9(5) s	β^+ (85.1%)	^96Pd	(2+)
					β^+, p (14.9%)	^95Rh
^96m2Ag	2461.4(3) keV			103.2(45) μs	IT	^96Ag	(13-)
^96m3Ag	2686.7(4) keV			1.561(16) μs	IT	^96Ag	(15+)
^96m4Ag	6951.8(14) keV			132(17) ns	IT	^96Ag	(19+)
^97Ag	47	50	96.923881(13)	25.5(3) s	β^+	^97Pd	(9/2+)
^97mAg	620(40) keV			100# ms			(1/2-#)
^98Ag	47	51	97.92156(4)	47.5(3) s	β^+ (99.99%)	^98Pd	(6)+
					β^+, p (.0012%)	^97Rh
^98mAg	107.28(10) keV			161(7) ns	IT	^98Ag	(4+)
^99Ag	47	52	98.917646(7)	2.07(5) min	β^+	^99Pd	(9/2)+
^99mAg	506.2(4) keV			10.5(5) s	IT	^99Ag	(1/2−)
^100Ag	47	53	99.916115(5)	2.01(9) min	β^+	^100Pd	(5)+
^100mAg	15.52(16) keV			2.24(13) min	IT	^100Ag	(2)+
					β^+	^100Pd
^101Ag	47	54	100.912684(5)	11.1(3) min	β^+	^101Pd	9/2+
^101mAg	274.1(3) keV			3.10(10) s	IT	^101Ag	1/2−
^102Ag	47	55	101.911705(9)	12.9(3) min	β^+	^102Pd	5+
^102mAg	9.40(7) keV			7.7(5) min	β^+ (51%)	^102Pd	2+
					IT (49%)	^102Ag
^103Ag	47	56	102.908961(4)	65.7(7) min	β^+	^103Pd	7/2+
^103mAg	134.45(4) keV			5.7(3) s	IT	^103Ag	1/2−
^104Ag	47	57	103.908624(5)	69.2(10) min	β^+	^104Pd	5+
^104mAg	6.90(22) keV			33.5(20) min	β^+ (>99.93%)	^104Pd	2+
					IT (<0.07%)	^104Ag
^105Ag	47	58	104.906526(5)	41.29(7) d	β^+	^105Pd	1/2−
^105mAg	25.468(16) keV			7.23(16) min	IT (99.66%)	^105Ag	7/2+
					β^+ (.34%)	^105Pd
^106Ag	47	59	105.906663(3)	23.96(4) min	β^+	^106Pd	1+
					β^− (rare)	^106Cd
^106mAg	89.66(7) keV			8.28(2) d	β^+	^106Pd	6+
					IT (rare)	^106Ag
^107Ag^[n 9]	47	60	106.9050915(26)	Stable			1/2−	0.51839(8)
^107mAg	93.125(19) keV			44.3(2) s	IT	^107Ag	7/2+
^108Ag	47	61	107.9059502(26)	2.382(11) min	β^− (97.15%)	^108Cd	1+
					β^+ (2.85%)	^108Pd
^108mAg	109.466(7) keV			439(9) y	β^+ (91.3%)	^108Pd	6+
					IT (8.96%)	^108Ag
^109Ag^[n 10]	47	62	108.9047558(14)	Stable			1/2−	0.48161(8)
^109mAg	88.0337(10) keV			39.79(21) s	IT	^109Ag	7/2+
^110Ag	47	63	109.9061107(14)	24.56(11) s	β^− (99.7%)	^110Cd	1+
					EC (.3%)	^110Pd
^110m1Ag	1.112(16) keV			660(40) ns	IT	^110Ag	2−
^110m2Ag	117.59(5) keV			249.863(24) d	β^− (98.67%)	^110Cd	6+
					IT (1.33%)	^110Ag
^111Ag^[n 10]	47	64	110.9052968(16)	7.433(10) d	β^−	^111Cd	1/2−
^111mAg	59.82(4) keV			64.8(8) s	IT (99.3%)	^111Ag	7/2+
					β^− (.7%)	^111Cd
^112Ag	47	65	111.9070485(26)	3.130(8) h	β^−	^112Cd	2(−)
^113Ag	47	66	112.906573(18)	5.37(5) h	β^−	^113mCd	1/2−
^113mAg	43.50(10) keV			68.7(16) s	IT (64%)	^113Ag	7/2+
					β^− (36%)	^113Cd
^114Ag	47	67	113.908823(5)	4.6(1) s	β^−	^114Cd	1+
^114mAg	198.9(10) keV			1.50(5) ms	IT	^114Ag	(6+)
^115Ag	47	68	114.908767(20)	20.0(5) min	β^−	^115mCd	1/2−
^115mAg	41.16(10) keV			18.0(7) s	β^− (79%)	^115Cd	7/2+
					IT (21%)	^115Ag
^116Ag	47	69	115.911387(4)	3.83(8) min	β^−	^116Cd	(0-)
^116m1Ag	47.90(10) keV			20(1) s	β^− (93%)	^116Cd	(3+)
					IT (7%)	^116Ag
^116m2Ag	129.80(22) keV			9.3(3) s	β^− (92%)	^116Cd	(6-)
					IT (8%)	^116Ag
^117Ag	47	70	116.911774(15)	73.6(14) s	β^−	^117mCd	1/2−#
^117mAg	28.6(2) keV			5.34(5) s	β^− (94%)	^117mCd	7/2+#
					IT (6%)	^117Ag
^118Ag	47	71	117.9145955(27)	3.76(15) s	β^−	^118Cd	(2-)
^118m1Ag	45.79(9) keV			~0.1 µs	IT	^118Ag	1(−) to 2(−)
^118m2Ag	127.63(10) keV			2.0(2) s	β^− (59%)	^118Cd	(5+)
					IT (41%)	^118Ag
^118m3Ag	279.37(20) keV			~0.1 µs	IT	^118Ag	(3+)
^119Ag	47	72	118.915570(16)	6.0(5) s	β^−	^119mCd	1/2−#
^119mAg	20(20)# keV			2.1(1) s	β^−	^119Cd	7/2+#
^120Ag	47	73	119.918785(5)	1.52(7) s	β^− (>99.997%)	^120Cd	4(+)
					β^−, n (<.003%)	^119Cd
^120m1Ag	0(50)# keV			940(100) ms			(0−, 1-)
^120m2Ag	203.0(10) keV			384(22) ms	IT (68%)	^120Sn	7(−)
					β^− (32%)	^120Cd
^121Ag	47	74	120.920125(13)	777(10) ms	β^− (99.92%)	^121Cd	7/2+#
					β^−, n (.076%)	^120Cd
^121mAg	20(20)# keV			200# ms			1/2-#
^122Ag	47	75	121.92366(4)	529(13) ms	β^− (>99.814%)	^122Cd	(3+)
					β^−, n (.186%)	^121Cd
^122m1Ag	80(50)# keV			550(50) ms	β^−	^122Cd	(1-)
					β^−, n (rare)	^121Cd
					IT (rare)	^122Ag
^122m2Ag	80(50)# keV			200(50) ms	β^−	^122Cd	(9-)
					β^−, n (rare)	^121Cd
					IT (rare)	^122Ag
^122m3Ag	171(50)# keV			6.3(1) μs	IT	^122Ag	(1+)
^123Ag	47	76	122.92532(4)	294(5) ms	β^− (99.44%)	^123Cd	(7/2+)
					β^−, n (.56%)	^122Cd
^123m1Ag	59.5(5) keV			100# ms	β^−	^123Cd	(1/2-)
					β^−, n (rare)	^122Cd
^123m2Ag	1450(14)# keV			202(20) ns	IT	^123Ag
^123m3Ag	1472.8(8) keV			393(16) ns	IT	^123Ag	(17/2-)
^124Ag	47	77	123.92890(27)#	177.9(26) ms	β^− (98.7%)	^124Cd	(2-)
					β^−, n (1.3%)	^123Cd
^124m1Ag	50(50)# keV			144(20) ms	β^−	^124Cd	9-#
					β^−, n	^123Cd
^124m2Ag	155.6(5)# keV			140(50) ns	IT	^124Ag	(1+)
^124m3Ag	231.1(7)# keV			1.48(15) μs	IT	^124Ag	(1-)
^125Ag	47	78	124.93074(47)	160(5) ms	β^− (88.2%)	^125Cd	(9/2+)
					β^−, n (11.8%)	^124Cd
^125m1Ag	97.1(5)# keV			50# ms			(1/2-)
^125m2Ag	97.1(5)# keV			491(20) ns			(17/2-)
^126Ag	47	79	125.93481(22)#	52(10) ms	β^− (86.3%)	^126Cd	3+#
					β^−, n (13.7%)	^125Cd
^126m1Ag	100(100)# keV			108.4(24) ms			9-#
^126m2Ag	97.1(5)# keV			27(6) μs	IT	^126Ag	1-#
^127Ag	47	80	126.93704(22)#	89(2) ms	β^− (85.4%)	^127Cd	(9/2+)
					β^−, n (14.6%)	^126Cd
^127m1Ag	20(20)# keV			20# ms			(1/2-)
^127m2Ag	1938(17) keV			67.5(9) ms	β^− (91.2%)	^127Cd	(27/2+)
					IT (8.8%)	^127Ag
^128Ag	47	81	127.94127(32)#	60(3) ms	β^− (80%)	^128Cd	3+#
					β^−, n (20%)	^127Cd
^129Ag	47	82	128.94432(43)#	49.9(35) ms	β^− (>80%)	^129Cd	9/2+#
					β^−, n (<20%)	^128Cd
^129mAg	20(20)# keV			10# ms			1/2−#
^130Ag	47	83	129.95073(46)#	40.6(45) ms	β^−	^130Cd	1-#
^131Ag	47	84	130.95625(54)#	35(8) ms	β^−	^131Cd	9/2+#
					β^−, n	^130Cd
					β^−, 2n	^129Cd
^132Ag	47	85	131.96307(54)#	30(14) ms	β^−	^132Cd	6-#
^133Ag	47	86	132.96878(54)#				6-#
This table header & footer: view

1. ^mAg – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. Modes of decay:

   EC:	Electron capture
   IT:	Isomeric transition
   n:	Neutron emission
   p:	Proton emission

6. Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
7. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
8. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. Used to date certain events in the early history of the Solar System
10. Fission product

References

1. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
2. "Standard Atomic Weights: Silver". CIAAW. 1985.
3. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
4. "(Ag) Silver NMR".
5. Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  • de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
  • Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
• "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.