Freight transport, also referred as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transportingcommodities and merchandise goods and cargo.[1] The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense.
This map of shipping routes illustrates the relative density of commercial shipping in the world's oceans.
Global freight volumes according to mode of transport in trillions of tonne-kilometres in 2010
In 2015, 108 trillion tonne-kilometers were transported worldwide (anticipated to grow by 3.4% per year until 2050 (128 Trillion in 2020)): 70% by sea, 18% by road, 9% by rail, 2% by inland waterways and less than 0.25% by air.[2]
Land or "ground" shipping can be made by train or by truck (British English: lorry). Ground transport is typically more affordable than air, but more expensive than sea, especially in developing countries, where inland infrastructure may not be efficient. In air and sea shipments, ground transport is required to take the cargo from its place of origin to the airport or seaport and then to its destination because it is not always possible to establish a production facility near ports due to the limited coastlines of countries.
Cargo is transported by air in specialized cargo aircraft and in the luggage compartments of passenger aircraft. Air freight is typically the fastest mode for long-distance freight transport, but it is also the most expensive.
Cargo is exchanged between different modes of transportation via transport hubs, also known as transport interchanges or nodes (e.g. train stations, airports, etc.). Cargo is shipped under a single contract but performed using at least two different modes of transport (e.g. ground and air). Cargo may not be containerized.
Multimodal transport featuring containerized cargo (or intermodal container) that is easily transferred between ship, rail, plane and truck.
For example, a shipper works together with both ground and air transportation to ship an item overseas. Intermodal freight transport is used to plan the route and carry out the shipping service from the manufacturer to the door of the recipient.[4][5]
The Incoterms (or International Commercial Terms) published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) are accepted by governments, legal authorities, and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of the most commonly used terms in international trade. Common terms include:
The term "best way" generally implies that the shipper will choose the carrier that offers the lowest rate (to the shipper) for the shipment. In some cases, however, other factors, such as better insurance or faster transit time, will cause the shipper to choose an option other than the lowest bidder.
Door-to-door shippingEdit
Door-to-door (DTD or D2D) shipping refers to the domestic or international shipment of cargo from the point of origin (POI) to the destination while generally remaining on the same piece of equipment and avoiding multiple transactions, trans-loading, and cross-docking without interim storage.
International DTD is a service provided by many international shipping companies and may feature intermodal freight transport using containerized cargo. The quoted price of this service includes all shipping, handling, import and customs duties, making it a hassle-free option for customers to import goods from one jurisdiction to another. This is compared to standard shipping, the price of which typically includes only the expenses incurred by the shipping company in transferring the object from one place to another. Customs fees, import taxes and other tariffs may contribute substantially to this base price before the item ever arrives.[6]
^McLeod, Sam; Curtis, Carey (2020-03-14). "Understanding and Planning for Freight Movement in Cities: Practices and Challenges". Planning Practice & Research. 35 (2): 201–219. doi:10.1080/02697459.2020.1732660. ISSN 0269-7459. S2CID 214463529.
^"Global Freight Demand to Triple by 2050". The Maritime Executive. May 27, 2019.
^United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
^Ltd., Mach 1 Global Logistics (16 January 2018). "Freight Shipping Services". mach1global.com/. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
^"Delta Cargo, Roadie partner to offer door-to-door parcel delivery service in US". Stat Trade Times. October 31, 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
CitationsEdit
"Review of Maritime Transport 2014" (PDF). United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2014.
"Special Chapter: Asia". Review Maritime Transport 2010 Flyer. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2011.[permanent dead link]
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Freight transport.
Look up freight in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Schreiber, Zvi 2016: The Year Freight Goes Online. December 2015
Bloomberg.com First Cryptocurrency Freight Deal Takes Russian Wheat to Turkey. January 2018
October 23, 2023
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Shipping redirects here For transport specifically by ship see Maritime transport For other uses see Shipping disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Freight transport news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Freight transport also referred as freight forwarding is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo 1 The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air International English carriage as well Logistics a term borrowed from the military environment is also used in the same sense This map of shipping routes illustrates the relative density of commercial shipping in the world s oceans Contents 1 Modes of shipment 1 1 Grounds 1 2 Ship 1 3 Air 1 4 Multimodal 1 5 Intermodal 2 Terms of shipment 3 Door to door shipping 4 See also 5 References 6 Citations 7 External linksModes of shipment Edit nbsp Global freight volumes according to mode of transport in trillions of tonne kilometres in 2010In 2015 108 trillion tonne kilometers were transported worldwide anticipated to grow by 3 4 per year until 2050 128 Trillion in 2020 70 by sea 18 by road 9 by rail 2 by inland waterways and less than 0 25 by air 2 Grounds Edit Main articles Road transport Rail transport and Rail freight transport Land or ground shipping can be made by train or by truck British English lorry Ground transport is typically more affordable than air but more expensive than sea especially in developing countries where inland infrastructure may not be efficient In air and sea shipments ground transport is required to take the cargo from its place of origin to the airport or seaport and then to its destination because it is not always possible to establish a production facility near ports due to the limited coastlines of countries Ship Edit Main articles Ship transport and Cargo ship nbsp Harbour cranes unload cargo from a container ship at the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Navi Mumbai India Much freight transport is done by cargo ships An individual nation s fleet and the people that crew it are referred to as its merchant navy or merchant marine According to a 2018 report from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD merchant shipping or seaborne trade carries 80 90 of international trade and 60 70 by value 3 4 On rivers and canals barges are often used to carry bulk cargo Air Edit Main article Cargo airlines Cargo is transported by air in specialized cargo aircraft and in the luggage compartments of passenger aircraft Air freight is typically the fastest mode for long distance freight transport but it is also the most expensive Multimodal Edit Main article Multimodal transport Cargo is exchanged between different modes of transportation via transport hubs also known as transport interchanges or nodes e g train stations airports etc Cargo is shipped under a single contract but performed using at least two different modes of transport e g ground and air Cargo may not be containerized Intermodal Edit Main article Intermodal freight transport Multimodal transport featuring containerized cargo or intermodal container that is easily transferred between ship rail plane and truck For example a shipper works together with both ground and air transportation to ship an item overseas Intermodal freight transport is used to plan the route and carry out the shipping service from the manufacturer to the door of the recipient 4 5 Terms of shipment EditMain article Incoterm The Incoterms or International Commercial Terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce ICC are accepted by governments legal authorities and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of the most commonly used terms in international trade Common terms include Free on Board FOB Cost and Freight CFR C amp F CNF Cost Insurance and Freight CIF The term best way generally implies that the shipper will choose the carrier that offers the lowest rate to the shipper for the shipment In some cases however other factors such as better insurance or faster transit time will cause the shipper to choose an option other than the lowest bidder Door to door shipping EditDoor to door DTD or D2D shipping refers to the domestic or international shipment of cargo from the point of origin POI to the destination while generally remaining on the same piece of equipment and avoiding multiple transactions trans loading and cross docking without interim storage International DTD is a service provided by many international shipping companies and may feature intermodal freight transport using containerized cargo The quoted price of this service includes all shipping handling import and customs duties making it a hassle free option for customers to import goods from one jurisdiction to another This is compared to standard shipping the price of which typically includes only the expenses incurred by the shipping company in transferring the object from one place to another Customs fees import taxes and other tariffs may contribute substantially to this base price before the item ever arrives 6 See also Edit nbsp Transport portalAffreightment Automatic identification system Mid stream operation Outline of transport Ship transport Rail transport Transshipment Greek shipping Chinese shipping Environmental issues with shipping List of cargo types Right of way shipping Shipping markets Full container load FCL Less than container load LCL References Edit McLeod Sam Curtis Carey 2020 03 14 Understanding and Planning for Freight Movement in Cities Practices and Challenges Planning Practice amp Research 35 2 201 219 doi 10 1080 02697459 2020 1732660 ISSN 0269 7459 S2CID 214463529 Global Freight Demand to Triple by 2050 The Maritime Executive May 27 2019 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD 50 Years of Review of Maritime Transport 1968 2018 Reflecting on the past exploring the future PDF Archived from the original PDF on 15 March 2022 Retrieved 15 March 2022 Ltd Core Management Logistics Freight Forwarding CML www cmlplc com Retrieved 2016 11 21 Ltd Mach 1 Global Logistics 16 January 2018 Freight Shipping Services mach1global com Retrieved 2018 01 22 Delta Cargo Roadie partner to offer door to door parcel delivery service in US Stat Trade Times October 31 2019 Retrieved 2019 10 31 Citations Edit Review of Maritime Transport 2014 PDF United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 2014 Special Chapter Asia Review Maritime Transport 2010 Flyer United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 2010 Retrieved 9 December 2011 permanent dead link External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Freight transport nbsp Look up freight in Wiktionary the free dictionary Schreiber Zvi 2016 The Year Freight Goes Online December 2015 Bloomberg com First Cryptocurrency Freight Deal Takes Russian Wheat to Turkey January 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Freight transport amp oldid 1178725370, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
