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Ship of Fools (satire)

Ship of Fools (Modern German: Das Narrenschiff, Latin: Stultifera Navis, original medieval German title: Daß Narrenschyff ad Narragoniam) is a satirical allegory in German verse published in 1494 in Basel, Switzerland, by the humanist and theologian Sebastian Brant. It is the most famous treatment of the ship of fools trope and circulated in numerous translations.

Title page of a 1549 edition of Ship of Fools
Ship of Fools (Stultifera Navis) was translated into Latin in 1497; some of the woodcuts illustrating the manuscript may have been created by Albrecht Dürer. The University of Edinburgh holds a copy of the Latin edition.

Overview edit

The Ship of Fools was published in 1494 in Basel, Switzerland, by Sebastian Brant.[1][2] It was printed by Michael Furter for Johann Bergann von Olpe.[3] The book consists of a prologue, 112 brief satires, and an epilogue, all illustrated with woodcuts.[4] Brant takes up the ship of fools trope, popular at the time, lashing with unsparing vigor the weaknesses and vices of his time.[citation needed] He conceives Saint Grobian, whom he imagines to be the patron saint of vulgar and coarse people.[citation needed]

The concept of foolishness was a frequently used trope in the pre-Reformation period to legitimize criticism, as also used by Erasmus in his Praise of Folly and Martin Luther in his "An den christlichen Adel deutscher Nation von des christlichen Standes Besserung" (Address to the Christian Nobility).[citation needed] Court fools were allowed to say much what they wanted; by writing his work in the voice of the fool, Brant could legitimize his criticism of the church.[citation needed] The abbot of Sponheim Johannes Trithemius lamented Brant's title choice and would have preferred the book to be called Divina Satyra.[5] He compared the work to Dante Alighieris Divina Commedia for the use in both of their local languages.[5] The educator Jacob Wimpfeling deemed the book worthy to be taught in school and Ulrich von Hutten praised Brant for his mixture of classical metrics with a barbarian dialect and the organization of the poetry in the Ship of Fools.[5]

 
Sculpture of Jürgen Weber based on the satire, located in Nuremberg, home of Albrecht Dürer

The work immediately became extremely popular, being published in Reutlingen, Nuremberg, Strasbourg and Augsburg, with six authorized and several unauthorized editions until 1512.[1] Brant's own views on humanism and the new, revolutionary views on Christianity emerging in the 16th century are unclear. The debate still continues about whether Ship of Fools is itself a humanist work or just a remnant of medieval sensibilities.[6]

The book was translated into Latin by Jakob Locher [de] in 1497,[7][1] into French by Pierre Rivière [fr] in 1497 and by Jean Drouyn in 1498, into English by Alexander Barclay and by Henry Watsonin 1509.

Of the 103 woodcuts, two-thirds are attributed to the young Albrecht Dürer,[1] and the additional wood-cuts are the work of the so-called Haintz-Nar-Meister [de], the gnad-her-Meister and two other anonymous artists.[citation needed]

An allegorical painting by Hieronymus Bosch, The Ship of Fools, a fragment of a triptych said to have been painted by Bosch between 1490 and 1500, may have been influenced by the frontispiece for the book.[citation needed] The painting is on display in the Louvre Museum in Paris.

Modern interpretations edit

Some 20th-century artists, including Art Hazelwood,[citation needed] Dušan Kállay [fr],[citation needed] István Orosz,[citation needed] Richard Rappaport,[citation needed] Brian Williams,[citation needed] made images based on Das Narrenschiff, or drew illustrations for contemporary editions of The Ship of Fools.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Wallraff, Martin; Stöcklin–Kaldewey, Sara, eds. (2010). "Schatzkammern der Universität Basel". Schwabe (in German). p. 69. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
  2. ^ Gaier, Ulrich (1968). "Sebastian Brant's "Narrenschiff" and the Humanists". PMLA. 83 (2): 266–270. doi:10.2307/1261181. ISSN 0030-8129. JSTOR 1261181.
  3. ^ "Sebastian Brant: Das Narren Schyff. Basel [Johann Bergmann von Olpe] 11.2.1494, Erste Ausgabe (GW 5041)". Narragonien Digital.
  4. ^ W Gillis, trans, The Ship of Fools, (1971)
  5. ^ a b c Gaier, Ulrich (1968). "Sebastian Brant's "Narrenschiff" and the Humanists". Modern Language Association. 83 (2): 266–270. doi:10.2307/1261181. ISSN 0030-8129. JSTOR 1261181 – via JSTOR.
  6. ^ Ulrich Gaier, “Sebastian Brant's Narrenschiff and the Humanists”, PMLA (May, 1968) 83: 266–270.
  7. ^ Full 1498 edition of Stultifera Navis.

External links edit

  • "Narragonien digital" Digital Edition of 11 European Prints and Adaptations of the Ship of Fools before 1500 (University of Würzburg)
  • "Narragonia Latina". Hybrid edition of the Latin Ships of Fools by Jakob Locher (1497) and Jodocus Badius (1505) with German translation and commentary (DFG project, 2021–2024, Univ. Würzburg).
  • Digitized version from the University of Houston, edition Basle 1498
  • Ship of Fools online exhibit, English adaptation, 1509 from Glasgow University
  • The Ship of Fools, Volume 1 (of 2) at Project Gutenberg

ship, fools, satire, ship, fools, modern, german, narrenschiff, latin, stultifera, navis, original, medieval, german, title, daß, narrenschyff, narragoniam, satirical, allegory, german, verse, published, 1494, basel, switzerland, humanist, theologian, sebastia. Ship of Fools Modern German Das Narrenschiff Latin Stultifera Navis original medieval German title Dass Narrenschyff ad Narragoniam is a satirical allegory in German verse published in 1494 in Basel Switzerland by the humanist and theologian Sebastian Brant It is the most famous treatment of the ship of fools trope and circulated in numerous translations Title page of a 1549 edition of Ship of Fools Ship of Fools Stultifera Navis was translated into Latin in 1497 some of the woodcuts illustrating the manuscript may have been created by Albrecht Durer The University of Edinburgh holds a copy of the Latin edition Contents 1 Overview 2 Modern interpretations 3 References 4 External linksOverview editThe Ship of Fools was published in 1494 in Basel Switzerland by Sebastian Brant 1 2 It was printed by Michael Furter for Johann Bergann von Olpe 3 The book consists of a prologue 112 brief satires and an epilogue all illustrated with woodcuts 4 Brant takes up the ship of fools trope popular at the time lashing with unsparing vigor the weaknesses and vices of his time citation needed He conceives Saint Grobian whom he imagines to be the patron saint of vulgar and coarse people citation needed The concept of foolishness was a frequently used trope in the pre Reformation period to legitimize criticism as also used by Erasmus in his Praise of Folly and Martin Luther in his An den christlichen Adel deutscher Nation von des christlichen Standes Besserung Address to the Christian Nobility citation needed Court fools were allowed to say much what they wanted by writing his work in the voice of the fool Brant could legitimize his criticism of the church citation needed The abbot of Sponheim Johannes Trithemius lamented Brant s title choice and would have preferred the book to be called Divina Satyra 5 He compared the work to Dante Alighieris Divina Commedia for the use in both of their local languages 5 The educator Jacob Wimpfeling deemed the book worthy to be taught in school and Ulrich von Hutten praised Brant for his mixture of classical metrics with a barbarian dialect and the organization of the poetry in the Ship of Fools 5 nbsp Sculpture of Jurgen Weber based on the satire located in Nuremberg home of Albrecht Durer The work immediately became extremely popular being published in Reutlingen Nuremberg Strasbourg and Augsburg with six authorized and several unauthorized editions until 1512 1 Brant s own views on humanism and the new revolutionary views on Christianity emerging in the 16th century are unclear The debate still continues about whether Ship of Fools is itself a humanist work or just a remnant of medieval sensibilities 6 The book was translated into Latin by Jakob Locher de in 1497 7 1 into French by Pierre Riviere fr in 1497 and by Jean Drouyn in 1498 into English by Alexander Barclay and by Henry Watsonin 1509 Of the 103 woodcuts two thirds are attributed to the young Albrecht Durer 1 and the additional wood cuts are the work of the so called Haintz Nar Meister de the gnad her Meister and two other anonymous artists citation needed An allegorical painting by Hieronymus Bosch The Ship of Fools a fragment of a triptych said to have been painted by Bosch between 1490 and 1500 may have been influenced by the frontispiece for the book citation needed The painting is on display in the Louvre Museum in Paris Modern interpretations editSome 20th century artists including Art Hazelwood citation needed Dusan Kallay fr citation needed Istvan Orosz citation needed Richard Rappaport citation needed Brian Williams citation needed made images based on Das Narrenschiff or drew illustrations for contemporary editions of The Ship of Fools References edit a b c d Wallraff Martin Stocklin Kaldewey Sara eds 2010 Schatzkammern der Universitat Basel Schwabe in German p 69 Retrieved 2022 10 21 Gaier Ulrich 1968 Sebastian Brant s Narrenschiff and the Humanists PMLA 83 2 266 270 doi 10 2307 1261181 ISSN 0030 8129 JSTOR 1261181 Sebastian Brant Das Narren Schyff Basel Johann Bergmann von Olpe 11 2 1494 Erste Ausgabe GW 5041 Narragonien Digital W Gillis trans The Ship of Fools 1971 a b c Gaier Ulrich 1968 Sebastian Brant s Narrenschiff and the Humanists Modern Language Association 83 2 266 270 doi 10 2307 1261181 ISSN 0030 8129 JSTOR 1261181 via JSTOR Ulrich Gaier Sebastian Brant s Narrenschiffand the Humanists PMLA May 1968 83 266 270 Full 1498 edition of Stultifera Navis External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Narrenschiff nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Littell s Living Age Volume 146 Issue 1891 The Ship of Fools Narragonien digital Digital Edition of 11 European Prints and Adaptations of the Ship of Fools before 1500 University of Wurzburg Narragonia Latina Hybrid edition of the Latin Ships of Fools by Jakob Locher 1497 and Jodocus Badius 1505 with German translation and commentary DFG project 2021 2024 Univ Wurzburg Digitized version from the University of Houston edition Basle 1498 Ship of Fools online exhibit English adaptation 1509 from Glasgow University Ship of Fools illustrations by Istvan Orosz unavailable 23 October 2017 The Ship of Fools Volume 1 of 2 at Project Gutenberg Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ship of Fools satire amp oldid 1219591566, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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