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Shenyang WS-10

January 10, 2023

This article is about a modern Chinese jet engine. For the British WWII-era microwave relay system, see Wireless Set Number 10.

The Shenyang WS-10 (Chinese: 涡扇-10; pinyin: Wōshàn-10; lit. 'turbofan-10'), codename Taihang, is a turbofan engine designed and built by the People's Republic of China.

WS-10
WS-10 engines seen on a Shenyang J-16
Type Turbofan
National origin People's Republic of China
Manufacturer Shenyang Liming Aircraft Engine Company
Designer Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute
First run 1990s
Major applications Chengdu J-10C
Shenyang J-11B
Shenyang J-15
Shenyang J-16
Chengdu J-20
Status In production[1]
Number built 300+ as of May 2015[1]
Developed into Shenyang WS-20

Chinese media reported 266 engines were manufactured from 2010 to 2012 for the J-11 program.[2] Unofficial estimates placed production at more than 300 units by May 2015.[1]

Description

The WS-10A is advertised as an engine with 120–140 kilonewtons (27,000–31,000 lbf) thrust.[1] It has full authority digital engine control (FADEC).[3]

Development

The WS-10 is derived from the CFM56 with the experience gained from the Woshan WS-6 turbofan project, which was abandoned at the start of the 1980s.[4] The WS-10 project was reportedly started by Deng Xiaoping in 1986 to produce an engine comparable to the Saturn AL-31. The work was given to the Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute (606 Institute) of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC).[3] Initial production models suffered quality issues from the early direct use of AL-31 control systems. Furthermore, Salyut refused to sell source code of the full authority digital engine control (FADEC) system, forcing China to spend nearly 20 years developing its own code independently.[1] An early version of the FADEC flew on an J-8II in 2002.[1]

The WS-10A, targeted for 130 kilonewtons (29,000 lbf) of thrust,[3] was already in development in 2002.[5] In 2004, Russian sources familiar with project reported problems meeting the thrust target;[6] in 2005, they reported problems reducing the weight of the primary and secondary compressors, in addition to problems meeting thrust requirements.[7] Engine testing on the J-11 had already started by 2004,[6] and testing using one engine on the J-11 may have occurred as early as 2002.[5]

A full-scale WS-10A engine was first seen at the 2008 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition.[3]

In 2009, Western media claim that the WS-10A approached the performance of the AL-31, but took much longer than the AL-31 to develop thrust.[8] Furthermore, the engine reportedly only generated 110–125 kilonewtons (25,000–28,000 lbf) of thrust.[3] In April 2009, Lin Zuoming, head of AVIC, reported that the engine's quality was unsatisfactory.[9] In 2010, it was reported that reliability was also poor; the WS-10A lasted only 30 hours, while the AL-31 needed refurbishing after 400 hours.[10] The quality problems encountered with the WS-10A reflected the state of the Chinese aerospace industry. AVIC initiated a general effort to improve quality control throughout its production chain in 2011.[11]

The WS-10A reportedly matured enough after 2009 to power the J-11B Block 02 aircraft.[12] Production or performance issues may have prevented the WS-10A from powering the J-10B.[13] In 2018, Chinese state media reported an increase in engine lifespan from 800 to 1,500 hours due to the increased heat resistance of new third-generation single-crystal turbine blades.[14]

In March 2020, Chinese state media released a video showing a WS-10B-powered J-10C; aircraft markings suggest it was part of the fourth batch of J-10Cs for the PLAAF.[15]

The WS-10 has also powered various versions of the Chengdu J-20. The WS-10B reportedly powered low rate initial production aircraft in 2015,[16] and was used as an interim engine before the adoption of the AL-31.[17][18] In 2019, the Xian WS-15 – the J-20's intended engine – failed trials, leading to the decision to replace the AL-31 with the WS-10C as the interim engine; reportedly, the AL-31 was unacceptable because Russia refused to sell additional engines unless China also bought the Sukhoi Su-35 as well.[18] Testing was underway by November 2020.[19] In June 2021, Chinese media confirmed that the WS-10C was powering operational J-20As.[20] In January 2022, it was reported that J-20's powered by the WS-10C would be upgraded with TVC.[21]

In November 2022, a production Shenyang J-15 powered by the WS-10, possible the WS-10B, appeared in Chinese media.[22] It was the last indigenous Chinese combat aircraft to replace the AL-31;[23] possibly due to navalisation.[24] According to Chinese observers, compared to the AL-31 the WS-10 had superior safety, reliability, and service life, aspects which are magnified by the constraints of carrier aviation.[25] The replacement reflected continuing improvements in China's aviation engine industry.[26]

WS-20 (WS-188)

Main article: Shenyang WS-20

The Shenyang WS-20 (WS-188) is a high-bypass engine,[13] reportedly producing 13.8 tons of thrust.[27] It is believed to be based on the core of the WS-10A.[3][28]

The Shenyang WS-20 is believed to be intended for the Y-20 strategic airlifter.[27]

Thrust vectoring

A testbed J-10B powered by a WS-10 with thrust vectoring (TVC) – called "WS-10B-3" by Jamie Hunter – was demonstrated at the 2018 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition.[29] The TVC nozzle uses actuator-assisted moving petals, similar in concept to General Electric's axisymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzle (AVEN) and Pratt & Whitney's pitch-yaw balance beam nozzle (PYBBN).[30]

Variants

  • WS-10 – base variant
  • WS-10A – improved variant with FADEC;[3] advertised to have 120–140 kilonewtons (27,000–31,000 lbf) thrust.[1]
  • WS-10B – improved variant with greater reliability and thrust; based on the WS-10A,[31] with thrust reported as 135 kilonewtons (30,000 lbf) y Janes in 2020[22] and 144 kilonewtons (32,000 lbf) by Chinese media in 2018.[32][better source needed]
  • WS-10H – Naval variant equipped on two Shenyang J-15 prototypes. Limited to testing.[22]
  • WS-10B-3 – TVC variant[29]
  • WS-10C – "Updated"[19] variant with stealthier serrated exhaust feathers and improved thrust of 142 kilonewtons (32,000 lbf).[33]
  • WS-10G – thrust vectoring variant[34] generating 152–155 kilonewtons (34,000–35,000 lbf) of thrust during testing;[3] intended for the Chengdu J-20[34]
  • WS-20 – high-bypass derivative for the Y-20 transport; 138 kilonewtons (31,000 lbf) of thrust[27]
  • QD70 – 7MW class gas turbine engine developed from WS-10 for industrial & naval applications[35]

Applications

WS-10
WS-10A
WS-10B
WS-10B-3
  • Chengdu J-10B (demonstrator)[29]
  • Chengdu J-20B (prototype)[29]
WS-10C

Specifications (WS-10A)

General characteristics

  • Type: Afterburning turbofan
  • Length:
  • Diameter:
  • Dry weight:

Components

Performance

See also

Related development

Comparable engines

Related lists

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fisher, Richard (27 May 2015). . FlightGlobal. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  2. ^ "美称中国近三年内共生产约266台太行发动机". mil.news.sina.com.cn (in Chinese). 20 December 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Fisher, Richard, Jr. (30 December 2009). . International Assessment and Strategy Center. Archived from the original on 13 August 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  4. ^ . janes.com. Jane's Information Group. 26 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 February 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  5. ^ a b Fisher, Richard D., Jr. (7 October 2003). . United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission. Archived from the original on 12 January 2005. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  6. ^ a b Fisher, Richard, Jr. (13 December 2004). . International Assessment and Strategy Center. Archived from the original on 26 April 2005. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  7. ^ Fisher, Richard, Jr. (12 September 2005). . International Assessment and Strategy Center. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  8. ^ Saunders et al., p. 37
  9. ^ Saunders et al., p. 44
  10. ^ Pomfret, John (25 December 2010). "Military strength is eluding China". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  11. ^ Collins, Gabe; Erickson, Andrew (26 June 2011). "Jet Engine Development in China: Indigenous high-performance turbofans are a final step toward fully independent fighter production". China SignPost. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  12. ^ Rupprecht, Andreas (December 2011). "China's 'Flanker' gains momentum. Shenyang J-11 update". Combat Aircraft Monthly. Vol. 12, no. 12. pp. 40–42.
  13. ^ a b c Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (12 January 2015). . Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  14. ^ Chan, Minnie (7 September 2018). "Engine boost for China's J-15 fighter jets as Beijing tries to build up navy". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  15. ^ a b Ju, Juan (5 March 2020). "Images suggest China has begun fitting indigenous WS10 engine into J-10C fighters". Janes. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  16. ^ a b Kucinski, William (7 November 2018). "J-10B fighter aircraft debuts Chinese thrust vectoring technology". Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  17. ^ a b Singh Bisht, Inder (13 January 2021). "Chinese to Replace Russian J-20 Fighter Engine with Domestic Version". The Defense Post.
  18. ^ a b Chan, Minnie (8 January 2021). "China's next-gen J-20 stealth fighter jettisons Russian engine in favour of home-grown technology". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  19. ^ a b Waldron, Greg (17 December 2020). "Chinese airpower reaches for the big leagues in 2021". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  20. ^ "Chinese Media Confirms First J-20 Stealth Fighter Unit With New Engines Assigned to Northern Theatre Command". militarywatchmagazine. 20 June 2021.
  21. ^ Chan, Minnie (20 January 2022). "China to start upgrading J-20 fighter engines in bid to close gap with US F-22". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  22. ^ a b c Kadidal, Akhil; Narayanan, Prasobh (25 November 2022). "China's J-15 naval jet appears with indigenous WS-10 engines". Janes.
  23. ^ Yeo, Mike (28 November 2021). "Footage shows domestic engine on China's J-15 fighter jet". Defense News.
  24. ^ Newdick, Thomas (23 November 2022). "China's J-15 Naval Fighter Is Now Powered By Locally Made Engines". The Drive.
  25. ^ Wang, Amber (24 November 2022). "Chinese 'Flying Shark' J-15 naval fighter jets look set to ditch Russian engines". South China Morning Post.
  26. ^ Waldron, Greg. "Pentagon observes progress with Chinese fighter engines". Flight Global.
  27. ^ a b c Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (4 September 2014). . Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  28. ^ Lin, Jeffrey; Singer, P.W. (20 February 2015). "China's most powerful aircraft engine ever takes to the sky: Presenting the WS-20". Popular Science. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  29. ^ a b c d e Hunter, Jamie (20 July 2020). "China's Enhanced J-20B Stealth Fighter May Arrive Soon, Here's What It Could Include". The Drive. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  30. ^ Tate, Andrew (5 January 2018). . Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  31. ^ Chan, Minnie (10 February 2018). "Why China's first stealth fighter was rushed into service with inferior engines". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  32. ^ (Television production) (in Chinese). Shenzhen TV News. Event occurs at 3:38 https://weibo.com/tv/show/1034:f8c7d3af747314b2609ce17f1b2e3c42?from=old_pc_videoshow. Retrieved 23 November 2022. {{cite AV media}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  33. ^ Rupprecht, Andreas; Giovanzanti, Alessandra (29 September 2021). "Airshow China 2021: Chinese air force displays J-20A powered by domestic engines". Janes.
  34. ^ a b Saunders et al., p. 45
  35. ^ "涡轴-16发动机与法国合作用于武直10，QD70燃气轮机技术优势明显". cn1n.com (in Chinese). 18 October 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  36. ^ Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (26 August 2014). . Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  37. ^ "China's J-10 comes of age with indigenous engine". flight global. 21 May 2021.
  38. ^ "China's J-10C Fighter jet with Domestic WS-10 Taihang Engine Enters Air Force Service". defenseworld. 14 May 2021.
  39. ^ 黃東 (18 November 2022). "珠海航展逆市高飛 軍事肌肉秀展現信心 （黃東）" (in Traditional Chinese). 亞洲週刊. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  40. ^ Chan, Minnie (10 January 2021). "China wants to modify the engines on its J-20 stealth fighter to match the US's F-22". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  41. ^ Waldron, Greg (28 December 2020). "China's enigmatic J-20 powers up for its second decade". flightglobal.
  42. ^ Chan, Minnie (2 August 2020). "China's J-20 carrier-based jet fighter influenced by US – not Soviet – thinking, designer says". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
Bibliography
  • Saunders, Phillip C.; Wiseman, Joshua K. (December 2011). "Buy, Build, or Steal: China's Quest for Advanced Military Aviation Technologies" (PDF). Chinese Strategic Perspectives. Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University (4). Retrieved 25 May 2015.

January 10, 2023
shenyang, this, article, about, modern, chinese, engine, british, wwii, microwave, relay, system, wireless, number, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced. This article is about a modern Chinese jet engine For the British WWII era microwave relay system see Wireless Set Number 10 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Shenyang WS 10 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Shenyang WS 10 Chinese 涡扇 10 pinyin Wōshan 10 lit turbofan 10 codename Taihang is a turbofan engine designed and built by the People s Republic of China WS 10WS 10 engines seen on a Shenyang J 16Type TurbofanNational origin People s Republic of ChinaManufacturer Shenyang Liming Aircraft Engine CompanyDesigner Shenyang Aeroengine Research InstituteFirst run 1990sMajor applications Chengdu J 10CShenyang J 11BShenyang J 15Shenyang J 16Chengdu J 20Status In production 1 Number built 300 as of May 2015 update 1 Developed into Shenyang WS 20Chinese media reported 266 engines were manufactured from 2010 to 2012 for the J 11 program 2 Unofficial estimates placed production at more than 300 units by May 2015 1 Contents 1 Description 2 Development 2 1 WS 20 WS 188 2 2 Thrust vectoring 3 Variants 4 Applications 5 Specifications WS 10A 5 1 General characteristics 5 2 Components 5 3 Performance 6 See also 7 ReferencesDescriptionThe WS 10A is advertised as an engine with 120 140 kilonewtons 27 000 31 000 lbf thrust 1 It has full authority digital engine control FADEC 3 DevelopmentThe WS 10 is derived from the CFM56 with the experience gained from the Woshan WS 6 turbofan project which was abandoned at the start of the 1980s 4 The WS 10 project was reportedly started by Deng Xiaoping in 1986 to produce an engine comparable to the Saturn AL 31 The work was given to the Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute 606 Institute of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China AVIC 3 Initial production models suffered quality issues from the early direct use of AL 31 control systems Furthermore Salyut refused to sell source code of the full authority digital engine control FADEC system forcing China to spend nearly 20 years developing its own code independently 1 An early version of the FADEC flew on an J 8II in 2002 1 The WS 10A targeted for 130 kilonewtons 29 000 lbf of thrust 3 was already in development in 2002 5 In 2004 Russian sources familiar with project reported problems meeting the thrust target 6 in 2005 they reported problems reducing the weight of the primary and secondary compressors in addition to problems meeting thrust requirements 7 Engine testing on the J 11 had already started by 2004 6 and testing using one engine on the J 11 may have occurred as early as 2002 5 A full scale WS 10A engine was first seen at the 2008 China International Aviation amp Aerospace Exhibition 3 In 2009 Western media claim that the WS 10A approached the performance of the AL 31 but took much longer than the AL 31 to develop thrust 8 Furthermore the engine reportedly only generated 110 125 kilonewtons 25 000 28 000 lbf of thrust 3 In April 2009 Lin Zuoming head of AVIC reported that the engine s quality was unsatisfactory 9 In 2010 it was reported that reliability was also poor the WS 10A lasted only 30 hours while the AL 31 needed refurbishing after 400 hours 10 The quality problems encountered with the WS 10A reflected the state of the Chinese aerospace industry AVIC initiated a general effort to improve quality control throughout its production chain in 2011 11 The WS 10A reportedly matured enough after 2009 to power the J 11B Block 02 aircraft 12 Production or performance issues may have prevented the WS 10A from powering the J 10B 13 In 2018 Chinese state media reported an increase in engine lifespan from 800 to 1 500 hours due to the increased heat resistance of new third generation single crystal turbine blades 14 In March 2020 Chinese state media released a video showing a WS 10B powered J 10C aircraft markings suggest it was part of the fourth batch of J 10Cs for the PLAAF 15 The WS 10 has also powered various versions of the Chengdu J 20 The WS 10B reportedly powered low rate initial production aircraft in 2015 16 and was used as an interim engine before the adoption of the AL 31 17 18 In 2019 the Xian WS 15 the J 20 s intended engine failed trials leading to the decision to replace the AL 31 with the WS 10C as the interim engine reportedly the AL 31 was unacceptable because Russia refused to sell additional engines unless China also bought the Sukhoi Su 35 as well 18 Testing was underway by November 2020 19 In June 2021 Chinese media confirmed that the WS 10C was powering operational J 20As 20 In January 2022 it was reported that J 20 s powered by the WS 10C would be upgraded with TVC 21 In November 2022 a production Shenyang J 15 powered by the WS 10 possible the WS 10B appeared in Chinese media 22 It was the last indigenous Chinese combat aircraft to replace the AL 31 23 possibly due to navalisation 24 According to Chinese observers compared to the AL 31 the WS 10 had superior safety reliability and service life aspects which are magnified by the constraints of carrier aviation 25 The replacement reflected continuing improvements in China s aviation engine industry 26 WS 20 WS 188 Main article Shenyang WS 20 The Shenyang WS 20 WS 188 is a high bypass engine 13 reportedly producing 13 8 tons of thrust 27 It is believed to be based on the core of the WS 10A 3 28 The Shenyang WS 20 is believed to be intended for the Y 20 strategic airlifter 27 Thrust vectoring A testbed J 10B powered by a WS 10 with thrust vectoring TVC called WS 10B 3 by Jamie Hunter was demonstrated at the 2018 China International Aviation amp Aerospace Exhibition 29 The TVC nozzle uses actuator assisted moving petals similar in concept to General Electric s axisymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzle AVEN and Pratt amp Whitney s pitch yaw balance beam nozzle PYBBN 30 VariantsWS 10 base variant WS 10A improved variant with FADEC 3 advertised to have 120 140 kilonewtons 27 000 31 000 lbf thrust 1 WS 10B improved variant with greater reliability and thrust based on the WS 10A 31 with thrust reported as 135 kilonewtons 30 000 lbf y Janes in 2020 22 and 144 kilonewtons 32 000 lbf by Chinese media in 2018 32 better source needed WS 10H Naval variant equipped on two Shenyang J 15 prototypes Limited to testing 22 WS 10B 3 TVC variant 29 WS 10C Updated 19 variant with stealthier serrated exhaust feathers and improved thrust of 142 kilonewtons 32 000 lbf 33 WS 10G thrust vectoring variant 34 generating 152 155 kilonewtons 34 000 35 000 lbf of thrust during testing 3 intended for the Chengdu J 20 34 WS 20 high bypass derivative for the Y 20 transport 138 kilonewtons 31 000 lbf of thrust 27 QD70 7MW class gas turbine engine developed from WS 10 for industrial amp naval applications 35 ApplicationsWS 10Shenyang J 8II test 1 WS 10AChengdu J 10B test 13 Shenyang J 11B 36 Shenyang J 15 prototype 1 Shenyang J 16 1 WS 10BChengdu J 10C 15 37 38 Shenyang J 16 39 Chengdu J 20 low rate initial production aircraft 16 WS 10B 3Chengdu J 10B demonstrator 29 Chengdu J 20B prototype 29 WS 10CChengdu J 20A 2019 present 29 17 40 41 42 Specifications WS 10A General characteristics Type Afterburning turbofan Length Diameter Dry weight Components Compressor Combustors annularPerformance Maximum thrust 120 140 kilonewtons 27 000 31 000 lbf Power to weight ratio See alsoCFM International CFM56 General Electric F101Related development Shenyang WS 20Comparable engines Saturn AL 31 General Electric F110Related lists List of Chinese aircraft engines Xian WS 15 Shenyang WS 20 ACAE CJ 1000AReferences a b c d e f g h i j Fisher Richard 27 May 2015 ANALYSIS Can China break the military aircraft engine bottleneck FlightGlobal Archived from the original on 10 June 2015 Retrieved 5 August 2015 美称中国近三年内共生产约266台太行发动机 mil news sina com cn in Chinese 20 December 2012 Retrieved 25 May 2015 a b c d e f g h Fisher Richard Jr 30 December 2009 October Surprises in Chinese Aerospace International Assessment and Strategy Center Archived from the original on 13 August 2015 Retrieved 25 May 2015 LM WS10A Tai Hang China Aero engines Turbofan janes com Jane s Information Group 26 January 2010 Archived from the original on 18 February 2010 Retrieved 25 May 2015 a b Fisher Richard D Jr 7 October 2003 New Developments in Russia China Military Relations A Report on the August 19 23 2003 Moscow Aerospace Salon MAKS United States China Economic and Security Review Commission Archived from the original on 12 January 2005 Retrieved 25 May 2015 a b Fisher Richard Jr 13 December 2004 Report on the 5th Airshow China Zhuhai PRC November 1 7 2004 International Assessment and Strategy Center Archived from the original on 26 April 2005 Retrieved 3 July 2019 Fisher Richard Jr 12 September 2005 Chinese Dimensions of the 2005 Moscow Aerospace Show International Assessment and Strategy Center Archived from the original on 19 June 2015 Retrieved 25 May 2015 Saunders et al p 37 Saunders et al p 44 Pomfret John 25 December 2010 Military strength is eluding China The Washington Post Retrieved 3 July 2019 Collins Gabe Erickson Andrew 26 June 2011 Jet Engine Development in China Indigenous high performance turbofans are a final step toward fully independent fighter production China SignPost Retrieved 25 May 2015 Rupprecht Andreas December 2011 China s Flanker gains momentum Shenyang J 11 update Combat Aircraft Monthly Vol 12 no 12 pp 40 42 a b c Fisher Richard D Jr 12 January 2015 Images suggest J 10Bs close to entering Chinese service Jane s Defence Weekly Archived from the original on 13 January 2015 Retrieved 3 July 2019 Chan Minnie 7 September 2018 Engine boost for China s J 15 fighter jets as Beijing tries to build up navy South China Morning Post Retrieved 26 June 2020 a b Ju Juan 5 March 2020 Images suggest China has begun fitting indigenous WS10 engine into J 10C fighters Janes Retrieved 20 September 2020 a b Kucinski William 7 November 2018 J 10B fighter aircraft debuts Chinese thrust vectoring technology Retrieved 25 September 2020 a b Singh Bisht Inder 13 January 2021 Chinese to Replace Russian J 20 Fighter Engine with Domestic Version The Defense Post a b Chan Minnie 8 January 2021 China s next gen J 20 stealth fighter jettisons Russian engine in favour of home grown technology South China Morning Post Retrieved 18 March 2022 a b Waldron Greg 17 December 2020 Chinese airpower reaches for the big leagues in 2021 FlightGlobal Retrieved 14 January 2021 Chinese Media Confirms First J 20 Stealth Fighter Unit With New Engines Assigned to Northern Theatre Command militarywatchmagazine 20 June 2021 Chan Minnie 20 January 2022 China to start upgrading J 20 fighter engines in bid to close gap with US F 22 South China Morning Post Retrieved 18 March 2022 a b c Kadidal Akhil Narayanan Prasobh 25 November 2022 China s J 15 naval jet appears with indigenous WS 10 engines Janes Yeo Mike 28 November 2021 Footage shows domestic engine on China s J 15 fighter jet Defense News Newdick Thomas 23 November 2022 China s J 15 Naval Fighter Is Now Powered By Locally Made Engines The Drive Wang Amber 24 November 2022 Chinese Flying Shark J 15 naval fighter jets look set to ditch Russian engines South China Morning Post Waldron Greg Pentagon observes progress with Chinese fighter engines Flight Global a b c Fisher Richard D Jr 4 September 2014 China s Y 20 enters second phase of testing Jane s Defence Weekly Archived from the original on 5 September 2014 Retrieved 3 July 2019 Lin Jeffrey Singer P W 20 February 2015 China s most powerful aircraft engine ever takes to the sky Presenting the WS 20 Popular Science Retrieved 25 May 2015 a b c d e Hunter Jamie 20 July 2020 China s Enhanced J 20B Stealth Fighter May Arrive Soon Here s What It Could Include The Drive Retrieved 25 September 2020 Tate Andrew 5 January 2018 Image suggests China may be testing thrust vectoring engine on J 10 fighter Jane s Defence Weekly Archived from the original on 11 November 2018 Retrieved 3 July 2019 Chan Minnie 10 February 2018 Why China s first stealth fighter was rushed into service with inferior engines South China Morning Post Retrieved 3 July 2019 Television production in Chinese Shenzhen TV News Event occurs at 3 38 https weibo com tv show 1034 f8c7d3af747314b2609ce17f1b2e3c42 from old pc videoshow Retrieved 23 November 2022 a href Template Cite AV media html title Template Cite AV media cite AV media a Missing or empty title help Rupprecht Andreas Giovanzanti Alessandra 29 September 2021 Airshow China 2021 Chinese air force displays J 20A powered by domestic engines Janes a b Saunders et al p 45 涡轴 16发动机与法国合作用于武直10 QD70燃气轮机技术优势明显 cn1n com in Chinese 18 October 2017 Retrieved 3 July 2019 Fisher Richard D Jr 26 August 2014 Chinese J 11BH aggressive with USN P 8A says DoD Jane s Defence Weekly Archived from the original on 27 August 2014 Retrieved 3 July 2019 China s J 10 comes of age with indigenous engine flight global 21 May 2021 China s J 10C Fighter jet with Domestic WS 10 Taihang Engine Enters Air Force Service defenseworld 14 May 2021 黃東 18 November 2022 珠海航展逆市高飛 軍事肌肉秀展現信心 黃東 in Traditional Chinese 亞洲週刊 Retrieved 23 November 2022 Chan Minnie 10 January 2021 China wants to modify the engines on its J 20 stealth fighter to match the US s F 22 South China Morning Post Retrieved 14 January 2021 Waldron Greg 28 December 2020 China s enigmatic J 20 powers up for its second decade flightglobal Chan Minnie 2 August 2020 China s J 20 carrier based jet fighter influenced by US not Soviet thinking designer says South China Morning Post Retrieved 4 March 2022 BibliographySaunders Phillip C Wiseman Joshua K December 2011 Buy Build or Steal China s Quest for Advanced Military Aviation Technologies PDF Chinese Strategic Perspectives Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University 4 Retrieved 25 May 2015 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shenyang WS 10 amp oldid 1128786025, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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