fbpx
Wikipedia

Kazaa

March 17, 2023

Kazaa Media Desktop (once stylized as "KaZaA", but later usually written "Kazaa") was a discontinued peer-to-peer file sharing application using the FastTrack protocol licensed by Joltid Ltd. and operated as Kazaa by Sharman Networks. Kazaa was subsequently under license as a legal music subscription service by Atrinsic, Inc.,[1] which lasted until August 2012. According to one of its creators, Jaan Tallinn, Kazaa is pronounced "ka-ZAH" (/kəˈzɑː/).[2]

Kazaa
Developer(s)Sharman Networks
Initial releaseMarch 1, 2001; 22 years ago (2001-03-01)
Final release
3.2.7 / 26 November 2006; 16 years ago (2006-11-26)
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
TypePeer-to-peer
LicenseProprietary
Websitewww.kazaa.com 

Kazaa Media Desktop was commonly used to exchange MP3 music files and other file types, such as videos, applications, and documents over the Internet. The Kazaa Media Desktop client could be downloaded free of charge; however, it was bundled with adware and for a period there were "No spyware" warnings found on Kazaa's website. During the years of Kazaa's operation, Sharman Networks and its business partners and associates were the target of copyright-related lawsuits, related to the content distributed via Kazaa Media Desktop on the FastTrack protocol.

By August 2012, the Kazaa website was no longer active.

History

Kazaa and FastTrack were originally created and developed by Estonian programmers from BlueMoon Interactive[3] including Jaan Tallinn and sold to Swedish entrepreneur Niklas Zennström and Danish programmer Janus Friis (who were later to create Skype and later still Joost and Rdio). Kazaa was introduced by the Dutch company Consumer Empowerment in March 2001, near the end of the first generation of P2P networks typified by the shutdown of Napster in July 2001. Skype itself was based on Kazaa's P2P backend, which allowed users to make a call by directly connecting them with each other.[4]

Initially, some users of the Kazaa network were users of the Morpheus client program, formerly made available by MusicCity. Eventually, the official Kazaa client became more widespread. In February 2002, when Morpheus developers failed to pay license fees, Kazaa developers used an automatic update ability to shut out Morpheus clients by changing the protocol. Morpheus later became a client of the gnutella network.[citation needed]

Lawsuits

Consumer Empowerment was sued in the Netherlands in 2001 by the Dutch music publishing body, Buma/Stemra. The court ordered Kazaa's owners to take steps to prevent its users from violating copyrights or else pay a heavy fine. In October 2001 a lawsuit was filed against Consumer Empowerment by members of the music and motion picture industry in the USA. In response Consumer Empowerment sold the Kazaa application to Sharman Networks, headquartered in Australia and incorporated in Vanuatu. In late March 2002, a Dutch court of appeal reversed an earlier judgment and stated that Kazaa was not responsible for the actions of its users. Buma/Stemra lost its appeal before the Dutch Supreme Court in December 2003.

In 2003, Kazaa signed a deal with Altnet and Streamwaves to try to convert users to paying, legal customers. Searchers on Kazaa were offered a free 30-second sample of songs for which they were searching and directed to sign up for the full-featured Streamwaves service.[5]

However, Kazaa's new owner, Sharman, was sued in Los Angeles by the major record labels and motion pictures studios and a class of music publishers. The other defendants in that case (Grokster and MusicCity, makers of the Morpheus file-sharing software) initially prevailed against the plaintiffs on summary judgment (Sharman joined the case too late to take advantage of that ruling). The summary judgment ruling was upheld by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, but was unanimously reversed by the US Supreme Court in a decision titled MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.[6][7]

Following that ruling in favor of the plaintiff labels and studios, Grokster almost immediately settled the case. Shortly thereafter, on 27 July 2006, it was announced that Sharman had also settled with the record industry and motion picture studios. As part of that settlement, the company agreed to pay $100 million in damages to the four major music companies—Universal Music, Sony BMG, EMI and Warner Music—and an undisclosed amount to the studios.[8] Sharman also agreed to convert Kazaa into a legal music download service.[1] Like the creators of similar products, Kazaa's owners have been taken to court by music publishing bodies to restrict its use in the sharing of copyrighted material.

While the U.S. action was still pending, the record industry commenced proceedings against Sharman on its home turf. In February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association (ARIA) announced its own legal action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches.[9] The trial began on 29 November 2004. On 6 February 2005, the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial.

On 5 September 2005, the Federal Court of Australia issued a landmark ruling that Sharman, though not itself guilty of copyright infringement, had "authorized" Kazaa users illegally to swap copyrighted songs. The court ruled six defendants—including Kazaa's owners Sharman Networks, Sharman's Sydney-based boss Nikki Hemming and associate Kevin Bermeister—had knowingly allowed Kazaa users illegally to swap copyrighted songs. The company was ordered to modify the software within two months (a ruling enforceable only in Australia). Sharman and the other five parties faced paying millions of dollars in damages to the record labels that instigated the legal action.[10]

On 5 December 2005, the Federal Court of Australia ceased downloads of Kazaa in Australia after Sharman Networks failed to modify their software by the 5 December deadline. Users with an Australian IP address were greeted with the message "Important Notice: The download of the Kazaa Media Desktop by users in Australia is not permitted" when visiting the Kazaa website. Sharman planned to appeal against the Australian decision, but ultimately settled the case as part of its global settlement with the record labels and studios in the United States.[11]

In yet another set of related cases, in September 2003, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) filed suit in civil court against several private individuals who had shared large numbers of files with Kazaa;[12] most of these suits were settled with monetary payments averaging $3,000. Sharman Networks responded with a lawsuit against the RIAA, alleging that the terms of use of the network were violated and that unauthorized client software (such as Kazaa Lite) was used in the investigation to track down the individual file sharers. An effort to throw out this suit was denied in January 2004. However, that suit was also settled in 2006 (see above).

Most recently, in Duluth, Minnesota, the recording industry sued Jammie Thomas-Rasset, a 30-year-old single mother. On 5 October 2007, Thomas was ordered to pay the six record companies (Sony BMG, Arista Records LLC, Interscope Records, UMG Recordings Inc., Capitol Records Inc. and Warner Bros. Records Inc.) $9,250 for each of the 24 songs they had focused on in this case. She was accused of sharing a total of 1,702 songs through her Kazaa account. Along with attorney fees, this would have cost Thomas half a million dollars. Thomas testified that she does not have a Kazaa account, but her testimony was complicated by the fact that she had replaced her computer's hard drive after the alleged downloading took place, and later than she originally said in a pre-trial deposition.[13] Thomas-Rasset appealed the verdict and was given a new trial. In June 2009 that jury awarded the recording industry plaintiffs a judgment of $80,000 per song, or $1.92 million.[14] This is less than half of the $150,000 amount authorized by statute.[15] The federal court found the award "monstrous and shocking" and reduced it to $54,000. The recording industry offered to accept a settlement of $25,000, with the money going to charities that support musicians. Apparently undaunted, Thomas-Rasset was able to obtain a third trial on the issue of damages. In November 2010 she was again ordered to pay for her violation, this time $62,500 per song, for a total of $1.5 million. Her attorneys raised a challenge to the constitutional validity of massive statutory damages, where actual damages would have been $24.[16] But this challenge was rejected by the supreme court in 2013. The final judgement against Thomas-Rasset was $222,000.[17]

Bundled malware

In 2006 StopBadware.org identified Kazaa as a spyware application.[18] They identified the following components:

  • Cydoor (spyware): Collects information on the PC's surfing habits and passes it on to Cydoor Desktop Media.
  • B3D (adware): An add-on which causes advertising popups if the PC accesses a website which triggers the B3D code.
  • Altnet (adware): A distribution network for paid "gold" files.
  • The Best Offers (adware): Tracks user's browsing habits and internet usage to display advertisements similar to their interests.
  • InstaFinder (hijacker): Redirects URL typing errors to InstaFinder's web page instead of the standard search page.
  • TopSearch (adware): Displays paid songs and media related to a Kazaa search.
  • RX Toolbar (spyware): The toolbar monitors all sites visited with Microsoft Internet Explorer and provides links to competitors' websites.
  • New.net (hijacker): A browser plugin that allowed users to access several of its own unofficial Top Level Domain names, e.g., .chat and .shop. The main purpose of this was to sell domain names such as www.record.shop which is actually www.record.shop.new.net (ICANN did not allow third-party registration of generic top level domains until 2012).

In response, "clean" third-party clients such as Kazaa Lite (which also provided slightly extended functionality) gained popularity with Kazaa users. First released in April 2002, by mid-2005 Kazaa Lite was almost as widely used as the official Kazaa client itself. As it connected to the same FastTrack network, it could exchange files with all Kazaa users.[19]

Transitional period

Kazaa's legal issues ended after a settlement of $100 million in reparations to the recording industry.[1] Without further recourse, and until the lawsuit was settled, the RIAA actively sued thousands of people and college campuses across the U.S. for sharing copyrighted music over the network.[20] Particularly, students were targeted and most were threatened with a penalty of $750 per song.[21] Although the lawsuits were mainly in the U.S., other countries also began to follow suit.[22] Beginning in 2008, however, RIAA announced an end to individual lawsuits.[23]

While Napster lasted just three years, Kazaa survived much longer. However, the lawsuits (and a failed venture into a legal, monthly music subscription service similar to Napster)[1][24] eventually ended the company.[21]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Kazaa site becomes legal service". BBC News. 27 July 2006. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  2. ^ "I'm Jaan Tallinn, co-founder of Skype, Kazaa, CSER and MetaMed. AMA. • r/IAmA". reddit. 7 June 2013.
  3. ^ "Bluemoon Interactive". Bluemoon.ee. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  4. ^ Booth, Callum (15 May 2019). "Skype didn't deliver on P2P's promise, but Estonia has". The Next Web. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  5. ^ Healey, Jon (24 June 2003). "Streamwaves Aims to Get Kazaa Users to Pay". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
  6. ^ MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. at Wikisource
  7. ^ "Slyck News - Supreme Court Rules Against P2P Companies!". www.slyck.com.
  8. ^ "Kazaa to Pay $100 Million to Record Labels". Daily Tech. 27 July 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
  9. ^ Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Sharman License Holdings Ltd [2005] FCA 1242 AustLII
  10. ^ "Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Sharman License Holdings Ltd [2005] FCA 1242". Federal Court of Australia. 5 September 2005. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  11. ^ Ferguson, Iain (5 December 2005). . CNET News. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
  12. ^ Dean, Katie (8 September 2003). "RIAA Legal Landslide Begins". Wired.
  13. ^ Freed, Joshua (5 October 2007), "Woman to pay downloading award herself", USA Today, retrieved 21 January 2010
  14. ^ Karnowski, Steve (19 June 2009). "Facing the music: $1.9M file-share verdict stuns Minn. mom". USA Today. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  15. ^ Title 17 USC § 504 Statutory Damages
  16. ^ Forliti, Amy (4 November 2010). "Atty: MN woman can't pay for sharing songs". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  17. ^ SANDOVAL, GREG (18 March 2013). "Supreme court denies appeal of woman who owes RIAA $222,000". The Verge from AP. Retrieved 5 March 2023. Copyright case finally concludes with woman owing music labels a bundle
  18. ^ Naraine, Ryan (21 March 2006). "Spyware Trail Leads to Kazaa, Big Advertisers". eWeek.com.
  19. ^ Rojas, Peter (18 April 2002). "Kazaa Lite: No Spyware Aftertaste". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  20. ^ "RIAA v. The People: Five Years Later". Electronic Frontier Foundation. 30 September 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  21. ^ a b McIntyre, Hugh (21 May 2018). "The Piracy Sites That Nearly Destroyed The Music Industry: What Happened To Kazaa". Forbes. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  22. ^ "Piracy and illegal file-sharing: UK and US legal and commercial responses". Practical Law. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  23. ^ Anderson, Nate (19 December 2008). "No more lawsuits: ISPs to work with RIAA, cut off P2P users". Ars Technica. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  24. ^ Sandoval, Greg (17 July 2009). "Kazaa to return as subscription service". CNET. Retrieved 21 September 2022.

External links

  • "Malware prevalence in the KaZaA file-sharing network". Seungwon Shin, Jaeyeon Jung, and Hari Balakrishnan. 2006.

March 17, 2023
kazaa, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, august, 2011, learn,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Kazaa news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message Kazaa Media Desktop once stylized as KaZaA but later usually written Kazaa was a discontinued peer to peer file sharing application using the FastTrack protocol licensed by Joltid Ltd and operated as Kazaa by Sharman Networks Kazaa was subsequently under license as a legal music subscription service by Atrinsic Inc 1 which lasted until August 2012 According to one of its creators Jaan Tallinn Kazaa is pronounced ka ZAH k e ˈ z ɑː 2 KazaaDeveloper s Sharman NetworksInitial releaseMarch 1 2001 22 years ago 2001 03 01 Final release3 2 7 26 November 2006 16 years ago 2006 11 26 Operating systemMicrosoft WindowsTypePeer to peerLicenseProprietaryWebsitewww wbr kazaa wbr com Kazaa Media Desktop was commonly used to exchange MP3 music files and other file types such as videos applications and documents over the Internet The Kazaa Media Desktop client could be downloaded free of charge however it was bundled with adware and for a period there were No spyware warnings found on Kazaa s website During the years of Kazaa s operation Sharman Networks and its business partners and associates were the target of copyright related lawsuits related to the content distributed via Kazaa Media Desktop on the FastTrack protocol By August 2012 the Kazaa website was no longer active Contents 1 History 2 Lawsuits 3 Bundled malware 4 Transitional period 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditKazaa and FastTrack were originally created and developed by Estonian programmers from BlueMoon Interactive 3 including Jaan Tallinn and sold to Swedish entrepreneur Niklas Zennstrom and Danish programmer Janus Friis who were later to create Skype and later still Joost and Rdio Kazaa was introduced by the Dutch company Consumer Empowerment in March 2001 near the end of the first generation of P2P networks typified by the shutdown of Napster in July 2001 Skype itself was based on Kazaa s P2P backend which allowed users to make a call by directly connecting them with each other 4 Initially some users of the Kazaa network were users of the Morpheus client program formerly made available by MusicCity Eventually the official Kazaa client became more widespread In February 2002 when Morpheus developers failed to pay license fees Kazaa developers used an automatic update ability to shut out Morpheus clients by changing the protocol Morpheus later became a client of the gnutella network citation needed Lawsuits EditConsumer Empowerment was sued in the Netherlands in 2001 by the Dutch music publishing body Buma Stemra The court ordered Kazaa s owners to take steps to prevent its users from violating copyrights or else pay a heavy fine In October 2001 a lawsuit was filed against Consumer Empowerment by members of the music and motion picture industry in the USA In response Consumer Empowerment sold the Kazaa application to Sharman Networks headquartered in Australia and incorporated in Vanuatu In late March 2002 a Dutch court of appeal reversed an earlier judgment and stated that Kazaa was not responsible for the actions of its users Buma Stemra lost its appeal before the Dutch Supreme Court in December 2003 In 2003 Kazaa signed a deal with Altnet and Streamwaves to try to convert users to paying legal customers Searchers on Kazaa were offered a free 30 second sample of songs for which they were searching and directed to sign up for the full featured Streamwaves service 5 However Kazaa s new owner Sharman was sued in Los Angeles by the major record labels and motion pictures studios and a class of music publishers The other defendants in that case Grokster and MusicCity makers of the Morpheus file sharing software initially prevailed against the plaintiffs on summary judgment Sharman joined the case too late to take advantage of that ruling The summary judgment ruling was upheld by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals but was unanimously reversed by the US Supreme Court in a decision titled MGM Studios Inc v Grokster Ltd 6 7 Following that ruling in favor of the plaintiff labels and studios Grokster almost immediately settled the case Shortly thereafter on 27 July 2006 it was announced that Sharman had also settled with the record industry and motion picture studios As part of that settlement the company agreed to pay 100 million in damages to the four major music companies Universal Music Sony BMG EMI and Warner Music and an undisclosed amount to the studios 8 Sharman also agreed to convert Kazaa into a legal music download service 1 Like the creators of similar products Kazaa s owners have been taken to court by music publishing bodies to restrict its use in the sharing of copyrighted material While the U S action was still pending the record industry commenced proceedings against Sharman on its home turf In February 2004 the Australian Record Industry Association ARIA announced its own legal action against Kazaa alleging massive copyright breaches 9 The trial began on 29 November 2004 On 6 February 2005 the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial On 5 September 2005 the Federal Court of Australia issued a landmark ruling that Sharman though not itself guilty of copyright infringement had authorized Kazaa users illegally to swap copyrighted songs The court ruled six defendants including Kazaa s owners Sharman Networks Sharman s Sydney based boss Nikki Hemming and associate Kevin Bermeister had knowingly allowed Kazaa users illegally to swap copyrighted songs The company was ordered to modify the software within two months a ruling enforceable only in Australia Sharman and the other five parties faced paying millions of dollars in damages to the record labels that instigated the legal action 10 On 5 December 2005 the Federal Court of Australia ceased downloads of Kazaa in Australia after Sharman Networks failed to modify their software by the 5 December deadline Users with an Australian IP address were greeted with the message Important Notice The download of the Kazaa Media Desktop by users in Australia is not permitted when visiting the Kazaa website Sharman planned to appeal against the Australian decision but ultimately settled the case as part of its global settlement with the record labels and studios in the United States 11 In yet another set of related cases in September 2003 the Recording Industry Association of America RIAA filed suit in civil court against several private individuals who had shared large numbers of files with Kazaa 12 most of these suits were settled with monetary payments averaging 3 000 Sharman Networks responded with a lawsuit against the RIAA alleging that the terms of use of the network were violated and that unauthorized client software such as Kazaa Lite was used in the investigation to track down the individual file sharers An effort to throw out this suit was denied in January 2004 However that suit was also settled in 2006 see above Most recently in Duluth Minnesota the recording industry sued Jammie Thomas Rasset a 30 year old single mother On 5 October 2007 Thomas was ordered to pay the six record companies Sony BMG Arista Records LLC Interscope Records UMG Recordings Inc Capitol Records Inc and Warner Bros Records Inc 9 250 for each of the 24 songs they had focused on in this case She was accused of sharing a total of 1 702 songs through her Kazaa account Along with attorney fees this would have cost Thomas half a million dollars Thomas testified that she does not have a Kazaa account but her testimony was complicated by the fact that she had replaced her computer s hard drive after the alleged downloading took place and later than she originally said in a pre trial deposition 13 Thomas Rasset appealed the verdict and was given a new trial In June 2009 that jury awarded the recording industry plaintiffs a judgment of 80 000 per song or 1 92 million 14 This is less than half of the 150 000 amount authorized by statute 15 The federal court found the award monstrous and shocking and reduced it to 54 000 The recording industry offered to accept a settlement of 25 000 with the money going to charities that support musicians Apparently undaunted Thomas Rasset was able to obtain a third trial on the issue of damages In November 2010 she was again ordered to pay for her violation this time 62 500 per song for a total of 1 5 million Her attorneys raised a challenge to the constitutional validity of massive statutory damages where actual damages would have been 24 16 But this challenge was rejected by the supreme court in 2013 The final judgement against Thomas Rasset was 222 000 17 Bundled malware EditIn 2006 StopBadware org identified Kazaa as a spyware application 18 They identified the following components Cydoor spyware Collects information on the PC s surfing habits and passes it on to Cydoor Desktop Media B3D adware An add on which causes advertising popups if the PC accesses a website which triggers the B3D code Altnet adware A distribution network for paid gold files The Best Offers adware Tracks user s browsing habits and internet usage to display advertisements similar to their interests InstaFinder hijacker Redirects URL typing errors to InstaFinder s web page instead of the standard search page TopSearch adware Displays paid songs and media related to a Kazaa search RX Toolbar spyware The toolbar monitors all sites visited with Microsoft Internet Explorer and provides links to competitors websites New net hijacker A browser plugin that allowed users to access several of its own unofficial Top Level Domain names e g chat and shop The main purpose of this was to sell domain names such as www record shop which is actually www record shop new net ICANN did not allow third party registration of generic top level domains until 2012 In response clean third party clients such as Kazaa Lite which also provided slightly extended functionality gained popularity with Kazaa users First released in April 2002 by mid 2005 Kazaa Lite was almost as widely used as the official Kazaa client itself As it connected to the same FastTrack network it could exchange files with all Kazaa users 19 Transitional period EditKazaa s legal issues ended after a settlement of 100 million in reparations to the recording industry 1 Without further recourse and until the lawsuit was settled the RIAA actively sued thousands of people and college campuses across the U S for sharing copyrighted music over the network 20 Particularly students were targeted and most were threatened with a penalty of 750 per song 21 Although the lawsuits were mainly in the U S other countries also began to follow suit 22 Beginning in 2008 however RIAA announced an end to individual lawsuits 23 While Napster lasted just three years Kazaa survived much longer However the lawsuits and a failed venture into a legal monthly music subscription service similar to Napster 1 24 eventually ended the company 21 See also EditmTorrent WinMX Bearshare eMule iMesh LimeWire Napster The Pirate BayReferences Edit a b c d Kazaa site becomes legal service BBC News 27 July 2006 Retrieved 21 January 2010 I m Jaan Tallinn co founder of Skype Kazaa CSER and MetaMed AMA r IAmA reddit 7 June 2013 Bluemoon Interactive Bluemoon ee Retrieved 21 January 2010 Booth Callum 15 May 2019 Skype didn t deliver on P2P s promise but Estonia has The Next Web Retrieved 21 May 2019 Healey Jon 24 June 2003 Streamwaves Aims to Get Kazaa Users to Pay Los Angeles Times Retrieved 2 June 2009 MGM Studios Inc v Grokster Ltd at Wikisource Slyck News Supreme Court Rules Against P2P Companies www slyck com Kazaa to Pay 100 Million to Record Labels Daily Tech 27 July 2006 Retrieved 5 May 2010 Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Sharman License Holdings Ltd 2005 FCA 1242 AustLII Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Sharman License Holdings Ltd 2005 FCA 1242 Federal Court of Australia 5 September 2005 Retrieved 21 January 2010 Ferguson Iain 5 December 2005 Sharman cuts off Kazaa downloads in Australia CNET News Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Dean Katie 8 September 2003 RIAA Legal Landslide Begins Wired Freed Joshua 5 October 2007 Woman to pay downloading award herself USA Today retrieved 21 January 2010 Karnowski Steve 19 June 2009 Facing the music 1 9M file share verdict stuns Minn mom USA Today Retrieved 25 February 2011 Title 17 USC 504 Statutory Damages Forliti Amy 4 November 2010 Atty MN woman can t pay for sharing songs The Boston Globe Retrieved 25 February 2011 SANDOVAL GREG 18 March 2013 Supreme court denies appeal of woman who owes RIAA 222 000 The Verge from AP Retrieved 5 March 2023 Copyright case finally concludes with woman owing music labels a bundle Naraine Ryan 21 March 2006 Spyware Trail Leads to Kazaa Big Advertisers eWeek com Rojas Peter 18 April 2002 Kazaa Lite No Spyware Aftertaste Wired ISSN 1059 1028 Retrieved 21 May 2019 RIAA v The People Five Years Later Electronic Frontier Foundation 30 September 2008 Retrieved 1 November 2016 a b McIntyre Hugh 21 May 2018 The Piracy Sites That Nearly Destroyed The Music Industry What Happened To Kazaa Forbes Retrieved 21 May 2019 Piracy and illegal file sharing UK and US legal and commercial responses Practical Law Retrieved 1 November 2016 Anderson Nate 19 December 2008 No more lawsuits ISPs to work with RIAA cut off P2P users Ars Technica Retrieved 1 November 2016 Sandoval Greg 17 July 2009 Kazaa to return as subscription service CNET Retrieved 21 September 2022 External links Edit Malware prevalence in the KaZaA file sharing network Seungwon Shin Jaeyeon Jung and Hari Balakrishnan 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kazaa amp oldid 1143031913, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.