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Shakshouka

May 12, 2023

For the shredded flatbread and chickpea dish, see Chakhchoukha. For the Turkish eggplant dish, see Şakşuka. For the documentary film, see The Shakshuka System.

Shakshouka (Arabic: شكشوكة : šakšūkah, also spelled shakshuka or chakchouka) is a Maghrebi dish of eggs poached in a sauce of tomatoes, olive oil, peppers, onion, and garlic, commonly spiced with cumin, paprika and cayenne pepper. According to Joan Nathan, shakshouka originated in Ottoman North Africa in the mid-16th century after tomatoes were introduced to the region by Hernán Cortés as part of the Columbian exchange.[1]

Shakshouka
Shakshouka in a cast iron pan
Alternative namesShakshuka, chakchouka
TypeMain dish
Region or stateMaghreb
Main ingredientsTomatoes, harissa, eggs, olive oil
  •   Media: Shakshouka
Individual portion of shakshouka

Etymology

The word shakshouka (Arabic: شكشوكة) is a Maghrebi Arabic[2] term for "a mixture".[3][4][5][6] The exact provenance of the word is often contested, but, like the names of many Maghrebi dishes and terms, is believed to come from the language of the Amazigh (or Berber) people indigenous to the region.[7] In the western Maghreb, it is referred to as bīḍ u-maṭiša (بيض ومطيشة "egg and tomato").[8]

History

The origin of the dish remains a matter of some controversy with competing claims of Algerian, Libyan, Moroccan, Tunisian, Egyptian, Turkish, and Yemeni origins.[9][10] Tomatoes and peppers are notably New World ingredients that only became common ingredients in later centuries after the Columbian exchange.

North African Jewish immigrants in Israel brought the dish in the 1950s and 1960s, though it only became popularised on menus in the 1990s.[7][11]

Variations

 
Merguez Shakshuka

Many variations of the basic sauce are possible, varying in spice and sweetness. Some cooks add preserved lemon, salty sheep milk cheeses, olives, harissa or a spicy sausage such as chorizo or merguez.[12] Shakshouka is made with eggs, which are commonly poached but can also be scrambled, like in the Turkish menemen.[13][11]

In Algeria, shakshouka is commonly eaten as a side dish, and there are countless variations of it, each with their own unique blend of ingredients. One such variation is Hmiss, which is often served alongside traditional Kesra bread. Hmiss typically includes grilled peppers, tomatoes, and garlic. In Tunisia, a similar dish called Slata meshouia is enjoyed, but it differs from Hmiss with the addition of onions, cumin and tuna.

Some variations of shakshouka can be made with lamb mince, toasted whole spices, yogurt and fresh herbs.[14] Spices can include ground coriander, caraway, paprika, cumin and cayenne pepper.[15][16] Tunisian cooks may add potatoes, broad beans, artichoke hearts or courgettes to the dish.[17] The North African dish matbukha can be used as a base for shakshouka.[18]

A shakhsouka made with a kosher version of Spam (called loof) was added to IDF army rations in the 1950s.[19][20] Because eggs are the main ingredient, it often appears on breakfast menus in English-speaking countries, but in the Arab world as well as Israel, it is also a popular evening meal,[21] and like hummus and falafel, is a Levantine regional favorite.[9] On the side, pickled vegetables and North African sausage called merguez might be served, or simply bread, with mint tea.[22]

In Jewish culture, a large batch of tomato stew is made for the Sabbath dinner and the leftovers used the following morning to make a breakfast shakshouka with eggs.[11] In Andalusian cuisine, the dish is known as huevos a la flamenca; this version includes chorizo and serrano ham.[23] in Italian cuisine, there is a version of this dish called uova in purgatorio (eggs in purgatory) that adds tomato paste, anchovy, garlic, basil or parsley, and sometimes parmesan cheese.[24]

See also

References

  1. ^ Nathan, Joan (2017). A Culinary Exploration of Jewish Cooking from Around the World: A Cookbook. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 9780385351157. Shakshuka was born in Ottoman North Africa in the mid-sixteenth century
  2. ^ Ellis, Robin (2016-03-03). Mediterranean Cooking for Diabetics: Delicious Dishes to Control or Avoid Diabetes. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN 9781472136381. from the original on 2017-11-16. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  3. ^ Ly, Linda (2015-03-20). The CSA Cookbook: No-Waste Recipes for Cooking Your Way Through a Community Supported Agriculture Box, Farmers' Market, Or Backyard Bounty. Voyageur Press. ISBN 9780760347294. from the original on 2017-11-16. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  4. ^ Planet, Lonely (2017-03-01). The World's Best Superfoods. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781787010369. from the original on 2017-11-16. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  5. ^ Bilderback, Leslie (2015-09-01). Mug Meals: More Than 100 No-Fuss Ways to Make a Delicious Microwave Meal in Minutes. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9781466875210. from the original on 2017-11-16. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  6. ^ Jakob, Ben (2017-06-06). "How Shakshuka, Israel's Famous Breakfast Dish, Took the World By Storm". Culture Trip. from the original on 2017-11-16. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  7. ^ a b Fitzgerald, Mary (Apr 24, 2021). "Shakshuka: All mixed up over a brilliant breakfast". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
  8. ^ "وداعا "البيض ومطيشة"". Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية (in Arabic). 2012-10-16. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  9. ^ a b Josephs, Bernard (2009-10-08). "Shakshuka: Israel's hottest breakfast dish". The Jewish Chronicle. from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
  10. ^ Global Jewish Foodways: A History. University of Nebraska Press. 2018. p. 104. ISBN 9781496202284.
  11. ^ a b c Gil Marks, Encyclopedia of Jewish Food, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010, ISBN 9780470391303, s.v., p. 547
  12. ^ "Shakshuka recipe". The Guardian. February 18, 2012.
  13. ^ Artzeinu: An Israel Encounter, By Joel Lurie Grishaver, 2008
  14. ^ Gordon, Peter (2018-06-03). "Peter Gordon's lamb shakshouka recipe". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2018-07-21.
  15. ^ "Shakshouka Recipe - Tunisian Recipes". PBS Food. 2015-03-12. Retrieved 2018-07-21.
  16. ^ Clark, Melissa. "Shakshuka With Feta Recipe". NYT Cooking. Retrieved 2018-07-21.
  17. ^ Claudia Roden (1996). The Book of Jewish Food: An Odyssey from Samarkand to New York. Knopf. p. 512. ISBN 9780394532585.
  18. ^ Gur, Janna (2014). Jewish Soul Food: From Minsk to Marrakesh.
  19. ^ Steinberg, Jessica (20 November 2012). "The rationale behind the rations". The Times of Israel.
  20. ^ Raviv, Yael (November 2015). Falafel Nation: Cuisine and the Making of National Identity in Israel. University of Nebraska Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-8032-9023-5.
  21. ^ Clifford-smith, Stephanie (2011-06-07). "Three of a kind ... shakshouka". Sydney Morning Herald. from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
  22. ^ Ashkenazi, Michael (2020). Food Cultures of Israel: Recipes, Customs, and Issues. p. 89.
  23. ^ Tish, Ben (2019). Moorish: Vibrant Recipes from the Mediterranean. Bloomsbury. p. 46. ISBN 9781472958082.
  24. ^ "Eggs in Purgatory Recipe". NYT Cooking. Retrieved 2021-04-14.

External links

  •   Quotations related to Shakshouka at Wikiquote

May 12, 2023
shakshouka, shredded, flatbread, chickpea, dish, chakhchoukha, turkish, eggplant, dish, şakşuka, documentary, film, shakshuka, system, arabic, شكشوكة, šakšūkah, also, spelled, shakshuka, chakchouka, maghrebi, dish, eggs, poached, sauce, tomatoes, olive, pepper. For the shredded flatbread and chickpea dish see Chakhchoukha For the Turkish eggplant dish see Saksuka For the documentary film see The Shakshuka System Shakshouka Arabic شكشوكة saksukah also spelled shakshuka or chakchouka is a Maghrebi dish of eggs poached in a sauce of tomatoes olive oil peppers onion and garlic commonly spiced with cumin paprika and cayenne pepper According to Joan Nathan shakshouka originated in Ottoman North Africa in the mid 16th century after tomatoes were introduced to the region by Hernan Cortes as part of the Columbian exchange 1 ShakshoukaShakshouka in a cast iron panAlternative namesShakshuka chakchoukaTypeMain dishRegion or stateMaghrebMain ingredientsTomatoes harissa eggs olive oil Media ShakshoukaIndividual portion of shakshouka Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Variations 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksEtymology EditThe word shakshouka Arabic شكشوكة is a Maghrebi Arabic 2 term for a mixture 3 4 5 6 The exact provenance of the word is often contested but like the names of many Maghrebi dishes and terms is believed to come from the language of the Amazigh or Berber people indigenous to the region 7 In the western Maghreb it is referred to as biḍ u maṭisa بيض ومطيشة egg and tomato 8 History EditThe origin of the dish remains a matter of some controversy with competing claims of Algerian Libyan Moroccan Tunisian Egyptian Turkish and Yemeni origins 9 10 Tomatoes and peppers are notably New World ingredients that only became common ingredients in later centuries after the Columbian exchange North African Jewish immigrants in Israel brought the dish in the 1950s and 1960s though it only became popularised on menus in the 1990s 7 11 Variations Edit Merguez Shakshuka Many variations of the basic sauce are possible varying in spice and sweetness Some cooks add preserved lemon salty sheep milk cheeses olives harissa or a spicy sausage such as chorizo or merguez 12 Shakshouka is made with eggs which are commonly poached but can also be scrambled like in the Turkish menemen 13 11 In Algeria shakshouka is commonly eaten as a side dish and there are countless variations of it each with their own unique blend of ingredients One such variation is Hmiss which is often served alongside traditional Kesra bread Hmiss typically includes grilled peppers tomatoes and garlic In Tunisia a similar dish called Slata meshouia is enjoyed but it differs from Hmiss with the addition of onions cumin and tuna Some variations of shakshouka can be made with lamb mince toasted whole spices yogurt and fresh herbs 14 Spices can include ground coriander caraway paprika cumin and cayenne pepper 15 16 Tunisian cooks may add potatoes broad beans artichoke hearts or courgettes to the dish 17 The North African dish matbukha can be used as a base for shakshouka 18 A shakhsouka made with a kosher version of Spam called loof was added to IDF army rations in the 1950s 19 20 Because eggs are the main ingredient it often appears on breakfast menus in English speaking countries but in the Arab world as well as Israel it is also a popular evening meal 21 and like hummus and falafel is a Levantine regional favorite 9 On the side pickled vegetables and North African sausage called merguez might be served or simply bread with mint tea 22 In Jewish culture a large batch of tomato stew is made for the Sabbath dinner and the leftovers used the following morning to make a breakfast shakshouka with eggs 11 In Andalusian cuisine the dish is known as huevos a la flamenca this version includes chorizo and serrano ham 23 in Italian cuisine there is a version of this dish called uova in purgatorio eggs in purgatory that adds tomato paste anchovy garlic basil or parsley and sometimes parmesan cheese 24 See also Edit Food portalList of Middle Eastern dishes Qalayet bandora Huevos rancheros Lecso TaktoukaReferences Edit Nathan Joan 2017 A Culinary Exploration of Jewish Cooking from Around the World A Cookbook Knopf Doubleday Publishing p 16 ISBN 9780385351157 Shakshuka was born in Ottoman North Africa in the mid sixteenth century Ellis Robin 2016 03 03 Mediterranean Cooking for Diabetics Delicious Dishes to Control or Avoid Diabetes Little Brown Book Group ISBN 9781472136381 Archived from the original on 2017 11 16 Retrieved 2017 11 15 Ly Linda 2015 03 20 The CSA Cookbook No Waste Recipes for Cooking Your Way Through a Community Supported Agriculture Box Farmers Market Or Backyard Bounty Voyageur Press ISBN 9780760347294 Archived from the original on 2017 11 16 Retrieved 2017 11 15 Planet Lonely 2017 03 01 The World s Best Superfoods Lonely Planet ISBN 9781787010369 Archived from the original on 2017 11 16 Retrieved 2017 11 15 Bilderback Leslie 2015 09 01 Mug Meals More Than 100 No Fuss Ways to Make a Delicious Microwave Meal in Minutes St Martin s Press ISBN 9781466875210 Archived from the original on 2017 11 16 Retrieved 2017 11 15 Jakob Ben 2017 06 06 How Shakshuka Israel s Famous Breakfast Dish Took the World By Storm Culture Trip Archived from the original on 2017 11 16 Retrieved 2017 11 15 a b Fitzgerald Mary Apr 24 2021 Shakshuka All mixed up over a brilliant breakfast The Irish Times Retrieved 2021 09 09 وداعا البيض ومطيشة Hespress هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية in Arabic 2012 10 16 Retrieved 2022 01 26 a b Josephs Bernard 2009 10 08 Shakshuka Israel s hottest breakfast dish The Jewish Chronicle Archived from the original on 2017 08 08 Retrieved 2017 08 07 Global Jewish Foodways A History University of Nebraska Press 2018 p 104 ISBN 9781496202284 a b c Gil Marks Encyclopedia of Jewish Food Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 2010 ISBN 9780470391303 s v p 547 Shakshuka recipe The Guardian February 18 2012 Artzeinu An Israel Encounter By Joel Lurie Grishaver 2008 Gordon Peter 2018 06 03 Peter Gordon s lamb shakshouka recipe The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2018 07 21 Shakshouka Recipe Tunisian Recipes PBS Food 2015 03 12 Retrieved 2018 07 21 Clark Melissa Shakshuka With Feta Recipe NYT Cooking Retrieved 2018 07 21 Claudia Roden 1996 The Book of Jewish Food An Odyssey from Samarkand to New York Knopf p 512 ISBN 9780394532585 Gur Janna 2014 Jewish Soul Food From Minsk to Marrakesh Steinberg Jessica 20 November 2012 The rationale behind the rations The Times of Israel Raviv Yael November 2015 Falafel Nation Cuisine and the Making of National Identity in Israel University of Nebraska Press p 171 ISBN 978 0 8032 9023 5 Clifford smith Stephanie 2011 06 07 Three of a kind shakshouka Sydney Morning Herald Archived from the original on 2017 08 08 Retrieved 2017 08 07 Ashkenazi Michael 2020 Food Cultures of Israel Recipes Customs and Issues p 89 Tish Ben 2019 Moorish Vibrant Recipes from the Mediterranean Bloomsbury p 46 ISBN 9781472958082 Eggs in Purgatory Recipe NYT Cooking Retrieved 2021 04 14 External links Edit Quotations related to Shakshouka at Wikiquote Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shakshouka amp oldid 1151729392, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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