Shaban Jafari (Persian: شعبان جعفری; 19 August 1921 – 21 March 2006), often known as Shaban the Brainless (Persian: شعبان بیمخ, romanized: Sha'bān-e Bi-mokh) or Shaban the Crown-Bestower (Persian: شعبان تاجبخش, romanized: Sha'bān-e Tājbakhsh), was a political activist and practitioner of varzesh-e bastani. A controversial figure in Iranian politics, he was instrumental in overthrowing Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh's government in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état.[1][2] Following the coup, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, also known as the Shah seized power and governed as a dictator. Over time, the Shah's regime lost both popular support and confidence. By the 1970s, longstanding grievances against the Shah resulted in the Iranian Revolution which deposed him. Jafari, whose connection to the 1953 coup made him a target for the new Iranian government, fled to the United States where he remained until his death in 2006.
Criminal, strongman, professional political strong arm
Biography
Shaban Jafari, often known as Shaban the Brainless, was a political activist who often resorted to thuggish tactics to scare his opponents into submission.[3] He was also a practitioner of Iranian traditional sport (varzesh-e bastani) and was a frequent at Zoorkhaneh. During the 1953 Iranian coup d'état, he was often regarded as a leader of street fights for the Shah and against the popular Mossadegh. Jafari's critics claimed that he received money from the British and American intelligence agencies. However he rebuffed these accusations and maintained that he was in prison during the coup and could not have participated in it.[4] Following the successful coup against Mosadegh the Shah implemented several mechanism to secure his regime, the most notable being the SAVAK which was a secret police that spied on Iranian citizens.[5] The Iranian government committed multiple instances of human rights abuses during this time.[6] It was these human rights abuses coupled with the Shah's efforts to westernize the traditional Iran that began his downfall.[7]
Support of the Shah collapsed by the late 1970s and Iranians began public demonstrations against the Shah's regime. Initially the Shah was successful in repressing these measures largely using the SAVAK to prevent dissent.[8] However these measures proved ineffective by the end of 1978 the Shah was no longer able to maintain his grasp on power and the Iranian Revolution was underway.[9] The following year saw the Shah make a desperate escape from Iran which he did on 16 January. With the Shah now out of the country, a new Islamic government led by Ruhollah Khomeini rose to power and began prosecuting individuals who had connections to the Shah. Jafari was identified as a criminal for his involvement in the coup that brought the Shah to power. Khomeini's provisional government attempted prosecute him however it was unable to locate Jafari as he fled Iran and relocated to the United States where he was given political asylum. His later life was relatively calm and he died in Santa Monica in 2006. He is buried in Westwood Memorial Park, Westwood, Los Angeles County, California, USA. A book of his memoirs was published in the United States by the Iranian-American journalist Homa Sarshar which became very popular among the migrant Iranians in other countries. It was especially popular to the Iranians who fled from the country, after the Islamic Revolution.[10][11]
References
^Gölz, "The Dangerous Classes and the 1953 Coup in Iran. On the Decline of 'lutigari' Masculinities." In Crime, Poverty and Survival in the Middle East. Edited by Stephanie Cronin, 177–90. London: I.B. Tauris, 2019.
^Gölz, "The Dangerous Classes and the 1953 Coup in Iran. On the Decline of 'lutigari' Masculinities." In Crime, Poverty and Survival in the Middle East. Edited by Stephanie Cronin, 177–90. London: I.B. Tauris, 2019, p. 183.
^"Human Rights Abuses in Shahist Iran | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
^Saikal, Amin (2009). The rise and fall of the Shah: Iran from autocracy to religious rule: with a new introduction and preface by the author. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN978-1-4008-3307-8. OCLC 608393091.
^UPF. "Resistance to the Shah". University Press of Florida: Resistance to the Shah. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
^"SAVAK | Iranian government organization | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
^"Visualizing a Revolution - The Graphics of Revolution and War - The University of Chicago Library". www.lib.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
^"Shaban "Beemokh"; Jafari, Homa Sarshar". The Iranian. 2002-04-12. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
^. Archived from the original on 2020-05-03. Retrieved 2014-07-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Media related to Shaban Jafari at Wikimedia Commons
March 28, 2023
shaban, jafari, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, written, like, personal, reflection, personal, essay, argumentative, essay, that, states,. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article is written like a personal reflection personal essay or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor s personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style July 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The examples and perspective in this article may not include all significant viewpoints Please improve the article or discuss the issue July 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Shaban Jafari Persian شعبان جعفری 19 August 1921 21 March 2006 often known as Shaban the Brainless Persian شعبان بی مخ romanized Sha ban e Bi mokh or Shaban the Crown Bestower Persian شعبان تاجبخش romanized Sha ban e Tajbakhsh was a political activist and practitioner of varzesh e bastani A controversial figure in Iranian politics he was instrumental in overthrowing Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh s government in the 1953 Iranian coup d etat 1 2 Following the coup Mohammad Reza Pahlavi also known as the Shah seized power and governed as a dictator Over time the Shah s regime lost both popular support and confidence By the 1970s longstanding grievances against the Shah resulted in the Iranian Revolution which deposed him Jafari whose connection to the 1953 coup made him a target for the new Iranian government fled to the United States where he remained until his death in 2006 Shaban Jafariشعبان جعفریShaban Jafari during political campaignsBorn21 March 1921Tehran IranDied19 August 2006 2006 08 19 aged 85 Santa Monica California United StatesOther namesShaban the BrainlessBabyface ShabanOccupation s Criminal strongman professional political strong armBiography EditShaban Jafari often known as Shaban the Brainless was a political activist who often resorted to thuggish tactics to scare his opponents into submission 3 He was also a practitioner of Iranian traditional sport varzesh e bastani and was a frequent at Zoorkhaneh During the 1953 Iranian coup d etat he was often regarded as a leader of street fights for the Shah and against the popular Mossadegh Jafari s critics claimed that he received money from the British and American intelligence agencies However he rebuffed these accusations and maintained that he was in prison during the coup and could not have participated in it 4 Following the successful coup against Mosadegh the Shah implemented several mechanism to secure his regime the most notable being the SAVAK which was a secret police that spied on Iranian citizens 5 The Iranian government committed multiple instances of human rights abuses during this time 6 It was these human rights abuses coupled with the Shah s efforts to westernize the traditional Iran that began his downfall 7 Support of the Shah collapsed by the late 1970s and Iranians began public demonstrations against the Shah s regime Initially the Shah was successful in repressing these measures largely using the SAVAK to prevent dissent 8 However these measures proved ineffective by the end of 1978 the Shah was no longer able to maintain his grasp on power and the Iranian Revolution was underway 9 The following year saw the Shah make a desperate escape from Iran which he did on 16 January With the Shah now out of the country a new Islamic government led by Ruhollah Khomeini rose to power and began prosecuting individuals who had connections to the Shah Jafari was identified as a criminal for his involvement in the coup that brought the Shah to power Khomeini s provisional government attempted prosecute him however it was unable to locate Jafari as he fled Iran and relocated to the United States where he was given political asylum His later life was relatively calm and he died in Santa Monica in 2006 He is buried in Westwood Memorial Park Westwood Los Angeles County California USA A book of his memoirs was published in the United States by the Iranian American journalist Homa Sarshar which became very popular among the migrant Iranians in other countries It was especially popular to the Iranians who fled from the country after the Islamic Revolution 10 11 References Edit Golz The Dangerous Classes and the 1953 Coup in Iran On the Decline of lutigari Masculinities In Crime Poverty and Survival in the Middle East Edited by Stephanie Cronin 177 90 London I B Tauris 2019 BBCPersian com Bbc co uk Retrieved 2019 07 04 IRAN Brainless amp the Ballots Time 1954 03 22 ISSN 0040 781X Retrieved 2022 04 13 Golz The Dangerous Classes and the 1953 Coup in Iran On the Decline of lutigari Masculinities In Crime Poverty and Survival in the Middle East Edited by Stephanie Cronin 177 90 London I B Tauris 2019 p 183 Human Rights Abuses in Shahist Iran Encyclopedia com www encyclopedia com Retrieved 2022 04 13 Saikal Amin 2009 The rise and fall of the Shah Iran from autocracy to religious rule with a new introduction and preface by the author Princeton N J Princeton University Press ISBN 978 1 4008 3307 8 OCLC 608393091 UPF Resistance to the Shah University Press of Florida Resistance to the Shah Retrieved 2022 04 13 SAVAK Iranian government organization Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2022 04 19 Visualizing a Revolution The Graphics of Revolution and War The University of Chicago Library www lib uchicago edu Retrieved 2022 04 13 Shaban Beemokh Jafari Homa Sarshar The Iranian 2002 04 12 Retrieved 2019 07 04 Archived copy Archived from the original on 2020 05 03 Retrieved 2014 07 08 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Media related to Shaban Jafari at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shaban Jafari amp oldid 1146974546, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
