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Shōji Ueda

Shōji Ueda (植田 正治, Ueda Shōji, 27 March 1913– 4 July 2000) was a photographer of Tottori, Japan best known for his distinctive, dreamlike black-and-white images with staged figures, taken on the Tottori sand dunes. The term Ueda-chō (Ueda-tone) has been used to refer to his cool and mysterious atmospheric style.

Shōji Ueda
Born27 March 1913
Sakaiminato
Died4 July 2000
Sakaiminato
NationalityJapanese
Known forPhotography

Ueda began using posed figures and objects in his photographs in 1939, but would be forced to cease his production due to Japan's participation in World War II. His surreal Sand Dune series, of which the first images were published 1949, was overshadowed by the predominance of social realism, a major trend in Japanese post-war photography.

His oeuvre was reconsidered by critics in 1971 after the publication of the widely-appreciated photobook Warabe Goyomi (Children the Year Round), containing images of children which masterfully balanced social realism and the playfulness of Ueda's posed pictures. Since the 1970s, his work has won him international renown, and in 1995 the Ueda Shōji Museum of Photography was inaugurated.

Throughout the entirety of his life, Ueda remained deeply attached to his native San'in region, and in particular his hometown of Sakaiminato.

Biography edit

Early life and career beginnings edit

Ueda Shōji was born to a merchant family in the port town of Sakaiminato, Tottori prefecture, on the western coast of the Sea of Japan. As a teenager, he showed interest in being a painter, but he started taking photographs instead after his father gave him his first camera when he was fifteen.[1]: 62 

He joined a local photography club, the Yonoga Photography Circle, in 1931. Here, he learned about "art photography", which promoted a pictorialist style, popular amongst amateurs of photography in Japan at that time.[2]: 190   He was particularly influenced by the pictorialist photographer Shiotani Teikō, his mentor. Ueda oversaw an important publication of Shiotani's work in 1975.[2]: 190 

Ueda soon also became interested in shinko shashin or new photography, which looked to the European avant-gardes. Ueda discovered in the pages of the British magazine Modern Photography the work of André Kertész, Man Ray, Emmanuel Sougez and more.[3]: 9  He notably retained the photographers' spirit of experimentation, which inspired him to create photograms, play with perspectives and toy with the framing of his images as he began to develop his own style.[3]: 9 

During the year 1931, Ueda spent three months in Tokyo studying at the Oriental School of Photography, founded by the Oriental Photo Industry Company, the first business in Japan to produce photographic paper and material.[3]: 10  His first professional photographic endeavor was the opening of a portrait studio in 1932, the Ueda Shashinjō. Ueda's business did well, but as time passed, he wanted to dedicate more time to his artistic photographic activity. Ueda's wife, Shiraishi Norie, whom he married in 1935, was supportive of him and took it upon herself to hire other photographers to take over his role at the studio.[3]: 10 

From 1933 onwards, Ueda participated regularly in photography contests organized by magazines such as Asahi Camera. He also co-founded the Chūgoku Photographers Group, alongside Ishizu Ryōsuke, Masaoka Kunio, and Akira Nomura, which aimed to develop a modernist photography distinct from that of the major urban areas.[2]: 191  They organized exhibitions in Nihonbashi, Tokyo so that they might gain recognition in Japan's artistic capital.[3]: 10 

 
Shōji Ueda, Four girls, Four positions, 1939

Ueda's 1939 photograph Shōjo shi tai (Four Girls, Four Positions) was a significant turning point for the artist, marking the beginning of his staged pictures. The panoramic image features four young girls on a sandbank, each of them gazing seriously in a different direction, seemingly indifferent to the others' presence. Their nearly identical forms give rhythm to the empty space. The photo does not contain any singular narrative, rather its mysteriousness allows for ample interpretation.

Around 1940, Japan's involvement in World War II interrupted Ueda's artistic activity. The intensifying war effort brought about the end of free publication and photographic materials grew scarce. Additionally, Sakaiminato, a strategically important port city, was transformed by the presence of the army.[3]: 8  Ueda's photo studio was briefly tasked with taking military portraits, but Ueda did not take on any war reportage or propaganda assignments, contrary to many professional photographers of the time.[1]: 63  Ueda was called to serve in the war effort twice in 1943, but was dismissed both times due to his being malnourished.[4]: 58  Ueda thus never participated in the war, and he would make no reference to it in his photographic works for the rest of his career.[5]: 188 

Post-war career and Sand Dune series edit

During the tumultuous period following Japan's defeat, Ueda jumped on new opportunities to create again. He joined Ginryūsha, a Tokyo-based association of Japanese photographers active before the war, and came to know Kuwabara Kineo, editor of the influential photography magazine Camera. Kuwabara proposed that Ueda shoot a series of images of fellow photographer Domon Ken in the Tottori sand dunes, which were published in Camera in September 1949.[3]: 10 

 
Shōji Ueda, Domon Ken and Ishizu Ryōsuke, 1949

Domon was a champion of the realism movement in Japanese post-war photography. He believed that the photographer's role was to attempt an objective depiction of society and to not divert their attention from social reality. The situation was undoubtedly grim in the years following Japan's surrender as citizens attempted to rebuild after a staggering defeat and adjusted to the American occupation.

Ueda, however, did not take an interest in realism, but rather returned to the staged photography that he had first undertaken in 1939. Art historian Yumi Kim Takenaka aptly describes his work at the time as follows: "Ueda's photographs seem to overflow with pleasure to be able to make his own photography freely again."[1]: 63  There is indeed great joy and playfulness in his posed images, of which the most famous are those in which his wife and young children pose together in a lighthearted, humorous fashion. The barren landscape of the sand dunes lend a surreal quality to the figures, who seem to have appeared there out of thin air.

 
Shōji Ueda, Papa, Mama and the Children, 1949

Ueda's photography, unconcerned by the pursuit of realism, provoked some negative responses from contemporary Japanese critics. It is notable in this context that avid realist Domon himself praised Ueda, calling his compositional style "a delight created entirely by the thoughts and emotions of the artist".[6] Reflecting back later on this period, Ueda wrote:

"The war had just ended. The wave of Social Realism was at its peak. The prestige of the absolute snapshot was overwhelming and critics heaped scorn on anything posed. In those stormy times, people like me saw no value in taking photographs; we turned on ourselves and sometimes lost hope."[7]

Contrary to this statement, Ueda did not give up taking photography, but focused his attention on his beloved San'in region, in particular the Izumo area. His photos appeared in numerous photo essay books throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Curator Kaneko Ryuichi posits that these endeavors, which remain overlooked even today, confirmed Ueda's self-identification as a "lifelong amateur photographer", which he would continue to say of himself even after gaining international recognition.[2]: 191  Yumi Kim Takenaka has argued that Ueda maintained his signature mysterious and surreal aesthetic, sometimes called Ueda-chō (Ueda-tone), in the creation of these regional images.[1]: 67 

1970s: Warabe Goyomi (Children the Year Around) and critical recognition edit

The 1971 publication of a photographic series entitled Warabe Goyomi (Children the Year Around) brought about Ueda's critical reappraisal in Japan. The series, which he had begun in 1959, primarily included pictures of children from the San'in region during the course of the four seasons. Unlike Ueda's purified sand dune compositions, Warabe Goyomi takes the viewer out of dreamland and into the daily life of the San'in region. There is a sense of social realism: the children are sometimes dirty, disheveled, unsmiling, running amok in streets and alleyways. And yet Ueda's pictures still possess an undeniable artfulness, as well as the charming playfulness of his staged sand dune images. It is impossible to tell if the children were posed, or if Ueda captured them in their element.

Some stark photographs featuring powerful black and white contrasts lead Yumi Kim Takenaka to believe that, despite Ueda's deeming himself a purely "amateur photographer", "Ueda was actually very conscious regarding the trends of the different photographic movements", notably those associated with the radical photo magazine Provoke, which presented the work of Moriyama Daidō and Nakahira Takuma, amongst others.[1]: 64 

Ueda opened a new photography studio in 1972, Ueda Camera, in Yonago, Tottori. This three-story building included a tea parlor on the second floor and a gallery on the third. The building became a hub for local amateur photographers who created their own club, called the U Circle.[4]: 59 

In 1975, Ueda accepted a position as a photography professor at Kyushu Sangyo University, which he held until 1994.[4]: 59 

Ueda flew to France in 1978 to participate in the annual international photography event Les Rencontres d'Arles. From then onwards, Ueda's works were shown regularly in Europe.

Late career edit

Bereaved by the passing of his wife Norie in 1983, Ueda ceased taking photographs for a while.[3]: 10  His son Mitsuru, an artistic director at the time, encouraged him to pick up the camera again.[3]: 10  Ueda subsequently produced the series Dunes: Mode, a series of fashion photographs realized between 1983 and the mid 1990s.[8] These graceful images, instantly recognizable as Ueda's, often feature dapper men, carefully arranged by the photographer against the familiar backdrop of the Tottori sand dunes.

Ueda also experimented with different modes of color photography, as seen in the series Shiroi Kaze (Brilliant Scenes), realized between 1980 and 1981. The images have a gauzy quality, with soft, pastel hues and a lack of sharp focus. To create this distinctive effect, Ueda employed a method that Japanese photographers had used during the Taishō era, when the pictorialist mode flourished. It involved removing the lens filter hood from a single lens of the widely-used Vest Pocket Kodak camera.[9] Ueda wondered what images could be produced if he used this outdated method with the latest, most technologically advanced state-of-the-art color film of the time, FujiColor F-II.[9]

Another series, entitled Genshi Yukan (Illusion), completed between 1987 and 1992, is a departure from his previous work in color photography.[10] Ueda appears to revel in creating rich contrasts of hue, as in the case of several still lives: pomegranates and cherries are presented against an inky, seemingly infinite blue-black background.

Ueda died of a heart attack at 87 years of age on July 4, 2000.

Legacy and collections edit

 
Ueda Shōji Museum of Photography

In 1995, the Ueda Shōji Museum of Photography, dedicated to exhibiting and archiving his work, opened in Kishimoto, Tottori prefecture.

The French government honored Ueda with the title of Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres in 1996. This was followed in 1998 by his receiving of the very first Tottori Prefecture Prefectural Citizen Achievement Award in 1998.

When Ueda passed away in 2000, he left behind a significant archive of unpublished material.[10] Archivists have notably been working on the digitization of Ueda's color negatives retrieved at his birthplace.[11]

In 2015, a retrospective publication was edited, featuring previously unseen works. The publishers were given access to 5000 unpublished photos.[10]

Ueda's works have been acquired by museums in Japan and around the world, including:

  • Museum of Modern Art, NY
  • Kawasaki City Museum
  • Yokohama Art Museum
  • Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography
  • Yonago City Museum of Art
  • Yamaguchi Prefectural Art Museum
  • the National Museum of Modern Art in Tokyo
  • Centre Pompidou
  • Centre National des Arts Plastiques
  • The Getty
  • Bibliothèque Nationale de France
  • Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

Books of Ueda's works edit

  • (in Japanese) Den'en no utsushikata (田園の寫し方). Ars Shashin Bunko 42. Tokyo: Ars, 1940.
  • San'in no tabi (山陰の旅). Text by Shimomura Norio (下村章雄). Gendai Kyōyō Bunko. Tokyo: Shakai Shisō Kenkyūkai Shuppanbu, 1962.
  • Izumo no shinwa: Kamigami no furusato: Kamera no kikō (出雲の神話:神々のふるさと カメラ紀行). Text by Ueda Masaaki (上田正昭). Tokyo: Tankō Shinsha, 1965.
  • Oki: Hito to rekishi (隠岐:人と歴史). Text by Naramoto Tatsuya (奈良本辰也). Tankō Shinsha, 1967.
  • Dōreki (童歴) / Children the Year Around. Eizō no Gendai 3. Tokyo: Chūōkōronsha, 1971. Black and white photographs, many but not all of which show children, arranged by season. Texts in both Japanese and English.
  • Izumo jiryojō (出雲路旅情). Text by Ishizuka Takatoshi (石塚尊俊). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1971.
  • Shinwa no tabi: Izumo, Hyūga no furusato (神話の旅:出雲・日向のふるさと). Text by Ueda Masaaki (上田正昭) et al. Nihon no Furusato Shirīzu. Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1973.
  • Izumo (出雲). Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1974.
  • Ueda Shōji shōryokō shashinchō: Oto no nai kioku (植田正治小旅行写真帳:音のない記憶). Tokyo: Nippon Camera, 1974.
  • Izumo Taisha (出雲大社). Text by Tōno Yoshiaki (東野芳明). Heibonsha Gyararī 24. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1974.
  • Sakyū / Kodomo no shiki (砂丘・子供の四季) / Sand Dunes / Seasons of the Children. Sonorama Shashin Sensho 11. Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1978. With a summary in English in addition to the Japanese text.
  • Matsue: Sen kyūhyaku rokujū nen (松江:一九六〇年) / Matsue. Yonago: San'in Hōsō, 1978.
  • (in Japanese) Shin Izumo fudoki (新出雲風土記) / A New Topography of Izumo. Nihon no Bi: Gendai Nihon Shashin Zenshū 5. Tokyo: Shūeisha, 1980. A large-format collection of color photographs of Izumo. Despite the additional English title (provided inconspicuously within the colophon), this book has no captions or text in English.
  • Ueda Shōji besutan shashinchō: Shiroi kaze (植田正治ベス単写真帖・白い風) / Brilliant Scenes. Tokyo: Nippon Camera, 1981. ISBN 4-8179-2003-3.
  • (in Japanese) Ueda Shōji (植田正治). Shōwa Shashin Zen-shigoto 10. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha. 1983.
  • Kidō kaiki (軌道回帰) / Shoji Ueda Polaroid 35m/m Photo Album. 3 vols. Self-published, 1986.
  • Sakyū: Ueda Shōji shashinshū (砂丘:植田正治写真集) / Dunes. Tokyo: Parco, 1986. ISBN 4-89194-129-4.
  • Shoji Ueda: Fotografien 1930–1986. Bremen: Forum Böttcherstrasse Bremen, Museum für Fotografie und Zeitkunst Bremen, 1987.
  • Umi kaze yama iro: Shashinshū (海風山色:写真集〈中国路〉) / The view of Chugokuji. Tokyo: Gyōsei, 1990.
  • Ueda Shōji sakuhinten: Sakyū gekijo (植田正治作品展:砂丘劇所). JCII Photo Salon Library 15. Tokyo: JCII Photo Salon, 1992. Catalogue of an exhibition.
  • (in Japanese) Ueda Shōji no shashin (植田正治の写真) / Shoji Ueda. Tokyo: Tokyo Station Gallery, 1993. Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Tokyo Station Gallery in July–August 1993. With a very little text in English and French, but captions and much other material in Japanese only.
  • Ueda Shōji shashinshū (植田正治写真集) / Shoji Ueda: Photographs. Tokyo: Takarajima-sha, 1995. ISBN 4-7966-1015-4.
  • Shoji Ueda Photographs: 1930's–1990's. Kishimoto, Tottori: Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography, 1995.
  • Ueda Shōji sakuhinshū (植田正治作品集). Text by Ikezawa Natsuki (池沢夏樹). Tokyo: Parco, 1995.
  • Stone Sculpture. Text by Nakaoka Shintarō (中岡慎太郎). Tokyo BeeBooks, 1996. ISBN 4-89615-837-7.
  • (in Japanese) "Oku no hosomichi" o yuku (「おくのほそ道」をゆく). Text by Kuroda Momoko (黒田杏子). Shotor Library. Tokyo: Shōgakkan, 1997. ISBN 4-09-343103-5. A lavishly illustrated retracing of the Oku no hosomichi of Matsuo Bashō.
  • (in Japanese) Ueda Shōji (植田正治). Nihon no Shashinka 20. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1998. ISBN 4-00-008360-0.
  • Ueda Shōji shashin no sakuhō: Amachua shokun! (植田正治・写真の作法:アマチュア諸君!). Kyoto: Kōrinsha, 1999. ISBN 4-7713-0352-5.
  • Shoji Ueda. Collection l'Oiseau rare. Trezelan: Filigranes, 2000. ISBN 2-910682-72-2.
  • Ueda Shōji Watakushi no shashin sakuhō (植田正治私の写真作法). Tokyo: TBS Britannica, 2000. ISBN 4-484-00217-5.
  • Manazashi no kioku: Dareka no kataware de (まなざしの記憶:だれかの傍らで). Text by Washida Kiyokazu (鷲田清一). Tokyo: TBS Britannica, 2000. ISBN 4-484-00414-3.
  • Masaharu Fukuyama Portraits, Shoji Ueda Photographs. Kishimoto, Tottori: Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography, 2002. Catalogue of an exhibition held July–September 2002. Two volumes.
  • Une ligne subtile: Shoji Ueda, 1913–2000. Lausanne: Musée de l'Élysée; Paris: Maison européenne de la photographie, c2006. ISBN 2-88474-015-5.
  • Una Línia Subtil: Shoji Ueda 1913-2000. Barcelona: Fundació la Caixa, 2005. ISBN 978-84-7664-876-6. In Catalan and English.
  • Una Línea Sutil: Shoji Ueda 1913-2000. Barcelona: Fundació la Caixa, 2005. ISBN 978-84-7664-877-3. In Spanish and English.
  • (in Japanese) Ueda Shōji shashinshū: Fukinukeru kaze (植田正治写真集:吹き抜ける風). Tokyo: Kyūryūdō, 2006. ISBN 4-7630-0606-1
  • Ueda Shōji (植田正治) / Ueda Shoji. Hysteric 16. Tokyo: Hysteric Glamour, 2006. (Inconspicuously, Ueda Shōji "chiisai denki" (植田正治「小さい伝記」) / Ueda Shoji, "Small Biography".) A collection of Ueda's series "Small Biography" (小さい伝記, Chiisai denki), as it appeared in Camera Mainichi in the 1970s and 1980s.
  • (in Japanese) Boku no arubamu (僕のアルバム) / An Album: The Everlasting Story. Tokyo: Kyūryūdō, 2007. ISBN 978-4-7630-0729-2. Despite the alternative title in English, all in Japanese. Photographs circa 1935–50, for the most part previously unpublished, and from prints newly made from Ueda's negatives. Many are of Ueda's wife.
  • Ueda Shōji no sekai (植田正治の世界). Corona Books 136. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 2007. ISBN 978-4-582-63434-1.
  • (in Japanese) Ueda Shōji: Chiisai denki (植田正治 小さい伝記) / Small Biography. Hankyū Komyunikēshonzu, 2007. ISBN 978-4-484-07235-7. Only in Japanese, despite the alternative title.

Other books with works by Ueda edit

  • (in Japanese) Ueda Shōji to sono nakama-tachi: 1935–55 (植田正治とその仲間たち:1935~55, Shōji Ueda and his friends, 1935–55). Yonago, Tottori: Yonago City Museum of Art, 1992. Catalogue of an exhibition held in February–March 1992 in Yonago City Museum of Art, with reproductions of many of Ueda's works.
  • Suihen no kioku: San'yō San'in no shashinka-tachi: Ueda Shōji, Hayashi Tadahiko, Midorikawa Yōichi, Matsumoto Norihiko ten (水辺の記憶:山陽山陰の写真家たち「植田正治・林忠彦・緑川洋一・松本徳彦」展). Onomichi, Hiroshima: Onomichi City Museum of Art, 1999. Catalogue of an exhibition of the works of Ueda, Tadahiko Hayashi, Yōichi Midorikawa and Norihiko Matsumoto.
  • Midorikawa Yōichi to yukari no shashinka-tachi 1938–59 (緑川洋一とゆかりの写真家たち1938~59). Okayama: Okayama Prefectural Museum of Art, 2005.
  • Yamagishi, Shoji, ed. Japan, a Self-Portrait. New York: International Center of Photography, 1979. ISBN 0-933642-01-6 (hard), ISBN 0-933642-02-4 paper). Pages 105–110 are devoted to Ueda's work.
  • Self-Portrait. Hysteric 2. Tokyo: Hysteric Glamour, 1991.
  • (in Japanese) Sengo shashin / Saisei to tenkai (戦後写真・再生と展開) / Twelve Photographers in Japan, 1945–55. Yamaguchi: Yamaguchi Prefectural Museum of Art, 1990. Catalogue of an exhibition held in Yamaguchi Prefectural Museum of Art. Despite the alternative title in English, almost exclusively in Japanese (although each of the twelve has a potted chronology in English). Twenty-one of Ueda's photographs of people on the Tottori dunes appear on pp. 104–114.
  • Tachihara Michizō. Ushinawareta yoru ni: Tachihara Michizō shishū (失なわれた夜に:立原道造詩集). Tokyo: Sanrio, 1975. A poetry collection by Michizō Tachihara.

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Yumi Kim Takenaka, Realism and Ethnology in Ueda Shōji's Photography: Another Aspect of Ueda-chō, Art Research, vol. 1, p. 61-68.
  2. ^ a b c d Kaneko Ryuichi, "The Man Who Photographed - Ueda Shoji", in Ueda Shoji & Jacques-Henri Lartigue. Play with Photography, exh. cat., Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo, 2013, p.190-192.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gabriel Bauret, "Less is More", in Une ligne subtile. Shoji Ueda, exh. cat, Musée de l'Élysée, Lausanne, 2006, p. 7-11.
  4. ^ a b c Une ligne subtile. Shoji Ueda, exh. cat, Musée de l'Élysée, Lausanne, 2006.
  5. ^ Gabriel Bauret, "Jacques Henri Lartigue - Ueda Shoji. A Tentative Comparison", in Ueda Shoji & Jacques-Henri Lartigue. Play with Photography, exh. cat., Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo, 2013, p. 185-189.
  6. ^ IIzawa Kōtarō, "The Evolution of Postwar Photography", in The History of Japanese Photography, exh. cat., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 2003, p. 213-14.
  7. ^ Suzuki Yoshiko, "Ueda Shoji and Jacques-Henri Lartique - Two Singular Photographers", in Ueda Shoji & Jacques-Henri Lartigue. Play with Photography, exh. cat., Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo, 2013, p. 194.
  8. ^ Shoji Ueda, 砂丘 La Mode, Tokyo, Asahi Shimbun Publications, 2016.  
  9. ^ a b Shoji Ueda Photo Exhibition "Vest Pocket Sketches: White Winds: Brillant Scenes", 2022, Fujifilm Square Japan. https://fujifilmsquare.jp/en/exhibition/220630_05.html (accessed 18 November 2023)
  10. ^ a b c Sean O'Hagan, "Shōji Ueda: the most beautiful, surprising photobook of the year", The Guardian, 18 December 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/dec/18/shoji-ueda-most-beautiful-surprising-photobook-of-the-year (accessed 18 November 2023)
  11. ^ Hitoshi Tanaka, Ryota Katsukara et al., "Les Mémoires des Couleurs: Preserving the Color Works of Shoji Ueda and Creating the Digital Archives", 2019. https://www.color.t-kougei.ac.jp/content/file/r_tanaka30.pdf (accessed 18 November 2023)

References edit

  • (in Japanese) Nihon no shashinka (日本の写真家) / Biographic Dictionary of Japanese Photography. Tokyo: Nichigai Associates, 2005. ISBN 4-8169-1948-1. Despite its alternative English title, in Japanese only.
  • (in Japanese) Nihon shashinka jiten (日本写真家事典) / 328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers. Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2000. ISBN 4-473-01750-8. Despite its alternative English title, in Japanese only.
  • Tucker, Anne Wilkes, et al. The History of Japanese Photography. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-300-09925-8.
  • (in Japanese) Ueda Shōji (植田正治). Nihon no Shashinka 20. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1998. ISBN 4-00-008360-0. Particularly the chronology on pp. 68–9.
  • (in Japanese) Ueda Shoji chiisaidenki (植田正治 小さい伝記). Hankyu communications, 2008.
  • (in Japanese) Sanin nite Ueda Shoji no satsuei should ryokou (山陰にて 植田正治の撮影小旅行). Shoji Ueda Museum of photography's brochure, 2018.
  • (in Japanese) Mittu no ki-wa-do de saguru Ueda Shoji no sekai (3つのキーワードで探る 植田正治の世界). Shoji Ueda Museum of photography's brochure, 2022.

External links edit

  • Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography
  • Shoji Ueda Office
  • Ono, Philbert. "Ueda Shoji", Photoguide Japan.

shōji, ueda, 植田, 正治, ueda, shōji, march, 1913, july, 2000, photographer, tottori, japan, best, known, distinctive, dreamlike, black, white, images, with, staged, figures, taken, tottori, sand, dunes, term, ueda, chō, ueda, tone, been, used, refer, cool, myster. Shōji Ueda 植田 正治 Ueda Shōji 27 March 1913 4 July 2000 was a photographer of Tottori Japan best known for his distinctive dreamlike black and white images with staged figures taken on the Tottori sand dunes The term Ueda chō Ueda tone has been used to refer to his cool and mysterious atmospheric style Shōji UedaBorn27 March 1913SakaiminatoDied4 July 2000SakaiminatoNationalityJapaneseKnown forPhotographyUeda began using posed figures and objects in his photographs in 1939 but would be forced to cease his production due to Japan s participation in World War II His surreal Sand Dune series of which the first images were published 1949 was overshadowed by the predominance of social realism a major trend in Japanese post war photography His oeuvre was reconsidered by critics in 1971 after the publication of the widely appreciated photobook Warabe Goyomi Children the Year Round containing images of children which masterfully balanced social realism and the playfulness of Ueda s posed pictures Since the 1970s his work has won him international renown and in 1995 the Ueda Shōji Museum of Photography was inaugurated Throughout the entirety of his life Ueda remained deeply attached to his native San in region and in particular his hometown of Sakaiminato Biography editEarly life and career beginnings edit Ueda Shōji was born to a merchant family in the port town of Sakaiminato Tottori prefecture on the western coast of the Sea of Japan As a teenager he showed interest in being a painter but he started taking photographs instead after his father gave him his first camera when he was fifteen 1 62 He joined a local photography club the Yonoga Photography Circle in 1931 Here he learned about art photography which promoted a pictorialist style popular amongst amateurs of photography in Japan at that time 2 190 He was particularly influenced by the pictorialist photographer Shiotani Teikō his mentor Ueda oversaw an important publication of Shiotani s work in 1975 2 190 Ueda soon also became interested in shinko shashin or new photography which looked to the European avant gardes Ueda discovered in the pages of the British magazine Modern Photography the work of Andre Kertesz Man Ray Emmanuel Sougez and more 3 9 He notably retained the photographers spirit of experimentation which inspired him to create photograms play with perspectives and toy with the framing of his images as he began to develop his own style 3 9 During the year 1931 Ueda spent three months in Tokyo studying at the Oriental School of Photography founded by the Oriental Photo Industry Company the first business in Japan to produce photographic paper and material 3 10 His first professional photographic endeavor was the opening of a portrait studio in 1932 the Ueda Shashinjō Ueda s business did well but as time passed he wanted to dedicate more time to his artistic photographic activity Ueda s wife Shiraishi Norie whom he married in 1935 was supportive of him and took it upon herself to hire other photographers to take over his role at the studio 3 10 From 1933 onwards Ueda participated regularly in photography contests organized by magazines such as Asahi Camera He also co founded the Chugoku Photographers Group alongside Ishizu Ryōsuke Masaoka Kunio and Akira Nomura which aimed to develop a modernist photography distinct from that of the major urban areas 2 191 They organized exhibitions in Nihonbashi Tokyo so that they might gain recognition in Japan s artistic capital 3 10 nbsp Shōji Ueda Four girls Four positions 1939Ueda s 1939 photograph Shōjo shi tai Four Girls Four Positions was a significant turning point for the artist marking the beginning of his staged pictures The panoramic image features four young girls on a sandbank each of them gazing seriously in a different direction seemingly indifferent to the others presence Their nearly identical forms give rhythm to the empty space The photo does not contain any singular narrative rather its mysteriousness allows for ample interpretation Around 1940 Japan s involvement in World War II interrupted Ueda s artistic activity The intensifying war effort brought about the end of free publication and photographic materials grew scarce Additionally Sakaiminato a strategically important port city was transformed by the presence of the army 3 8 Ueda s photo studio was briefly tasked with taking military portraits but Ueda did not take on any war reportage or propaganda assignments contrary to many professional photographers of the time 1 63 Ueda was called to serve in the war effort twice in 1943 but was dismissed both times due to his being malnourished 4 58 Ueda thus never participated in the war and he would make no reference to it in his photographic works for the rest of his career 5 188 Post war career and Sand Dune series edit During the tumultuous period following Japan s defeat Ueda jumped on new opportunities to create again He joined Ginryusha a Tokyo based association of Japanese photographers active before the war and came to know Kuwabara Kineo editor of the influential photography magazine Camera Kuwabara proposed that Ueda shoot a series of images of fellow photographer Domon Ken in the Tottori sand dunes which were published in Camera in September 1949 3 10 nbsp Shōji Ueda Domon Ken and Ishizu Ryōsuke 1949Domon was a champion of the realism movement in Japanese post war photography He believed that the photographer s role was to attempt an objective depiction of society and to not divert their attention from social reality The situation was undoubtedly grim in the years following Japan s surrender as citizens attempted to rebuild after a staggering defeat and adjusted to the American occupation Ueda however did not take an interest in realism but rather returned to the staged photography that he had first undertaken in 1939 Art historian Yumi Kim Takenaka aptly describes his work at the time as follows Ueda s photographs seem to overflow with pleasure to be able to make his own photography freely again 1 63 There is indeed great joy and playfulness in his posed images of which the most famous are those in which his wife and young children pose together in a lighthearted humorous fashion The barren landscape of the sand dunes lend a surreal quality to the figures who seem to have appeared there out of thin air nbsp Shōji Ueda Papa Mama and the Children 1949Ueda s photography unconcerned by the pursuit of realism provoked some negative responses from contemporary Japanese critics It is notable in this context that avid realist Domon himself praised Ueda calling his compositional style a delight created entirely by the thoughts and emotions of the artist 6 Reflecting back later on this period Ueda wrote The war had just ended The wave of Social Realism was at its peak The prestige of the absolute snapshot was overwhelming and critics heaped scorn on anything posed In those stormy times people like me saw no value in taking photographs we turned on ourselves and sometimes lost hope 7 Contrary to this statement Ueda did not give up taking photography but focused his attention on his beloved San in region in particular the Izumo area His photos appeared in numerous photo essay books throughout the 1960s and 1970s Curator Kaneko Ryuichi posits that these endeavors which remain overlooked even today confirmed Ueda s self identification as a lifelong amateur photographer which he would continue to say of himself even after gaining international recognition 2 191 Yumi Kim Takenaka has argued that Ueda maintained his signature mysterious and surreal aesthetic sometimes called Ueda chō Ueda tone in the creation of these regional images 1 67 1970s Warabe Goyomi Children the Year Around and critical recognition edit The 1971 publication of a photographic series entitled Warabe Goyomi Children the Year Around brought about Ueda s critical reappraisal in Japan The series which he had begun in 1959 primarily included pictures of children from the San in region during the course of the four seasons Unlike Ueda s purified sand dune compositions Warabe Goyomi takes the viewer out of dreamland and into the daily life of the San in region There is a sense of social realism the children are sometimes dirty disheveled unsmiling running amok in streets and alleyways And yet Ueda s pictures still possess an undeniable artfulness as well as the charming playfulness of his staged sand dune images It is impossible to tell if the children were posed or if Ueda captured them in their element Some stark photographs featuring powerful black and white contrasts lead Yumi Kim Takenaka to believe that despite Ueda s deeming himself a purely amateur photographer Ueda was actually very conscious regarding the trends of the different photographic movements notably those associated with the radical photo magazine Provoke which presented the work of Moriyama Daidō and Nakahira Takuma amongst others 1 64 Ueda opened a new photography studio in 1972 Ueda Camera in Yonago Tottori This three story building included a tea parlor on the second floor and a gallery on the third The building became a hub for local amateur photographers who created their own club called the U Circle 4 59 In 1975 Ueda accepted a position as a photography professor at Kyushu Sangyo University which he held until 1994 4 59 Ueda flew to France in 1978 to participate in the annual international photography event Les Rencontres d Arles From then onwards Ueda s works were shown regularly in Europe Late career edit Bereaved by the passing of his wife Norie in 1983 Ueda ceased taking photographs for a while 3 10 His son Mitsuru an artistic director at the time encouraged him to pick up the camera again 3 10 Ueda subsequently produced the series Dunes Mode a series of fashion photographs realized between 1983 and the mid 1990s 8 These graceful images instantly recognizable as Ueda s often feature dapper men carefully arranged by the photographer against the familiar backdrop of the Tottori sand dunes Ueda also experimented with different modes of color photography as seen in the series Shiroi Kaze Brilliant Scenes realized between 1980 and 1981 The images have a gauzy quality with soft pastel hues and a lack of sharp focus To create this distinctive effect Ueda employed a method that Japanese photographers had used during the Taishō era when the pictorialist mode flourished It involved removing the lens filter hood from a single lens of the widely used Vest Pocket Kodak camera 9 Ueda wondered what images could be produced if he used this outdated method with the latest most technologically advanced state of the art color film of the time FujiColor F II 9 Another series entitled Genshi Yukan Illusion completed between 1987 and 1992 is a departure from his previous work in color photography 10 Ueda appears to revel in creating rich contrasts of hue as in the case of several still lives pomegranates and cherries are presented against an inky seemingly infinite blue black background Ueda died of a heart attack at 87 years of age on July 4 2000 Legacy and collections edit nbsp Ueda Shōji Museum of PhotographyIn 1995 the Ueda Shōji Museum of Photography dedicated to exhibiting and archiving his work opened in Kishimoto Tottori prefecture The French government honored Ueda with the title of Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres in 1996 This was followed in 1998 by his receiving of the very first Tottori Prefecture Prefectural Citizen Achievement Award in 1998 When Ueda passed away in 2000 he left behind a significant archive of unpublished material 10 Archivists have notably been working on the digitization of Ueda s color negatives retrieved at his birthplace 11 In 2015 a retrospective publication was edited featuring previously unseen works The publishers were given access to 5000 unpublished photos 10 Ueda s works have been acquired by museums in Japan and around the world including Museum of Modern Art NY Kawasaki City Museum Yokohama Art Museum Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography Yonago City Museum of Art Yamaguchi Prefectural Art Museum the National Museum of Modern Art in Tokyo Centre Pompidou Centre National des Arts Plastiques The Getty Bibliotheque Nationale de France Museum of Fine Arts HoustonBooks of Ueda s works edit in Japanese Den en no utsushikata 田園の寫し方 Ars Shashin Bunko 42 Tokyo Ars 1940 San in no tabi 山陰の旅 Text by Shimomura Norio 下村章雄 Gendai Kyōyō Bunko Tokyo Shakai Shisō Kenkyukai Shuppanbu 1962 Izumo no shinwa Kamigami no furusato Kamera no kikō 出雲の神話 神々のふるさと カメラ紀行 Text by Ueda Masaaki 上田正昭 Tokyo Tankō Shinsha 1965 Oki Hito to rekishi 隠岐 人と歴史 Text by Naramoto Tatsuya 奈良本辰也 Tankō Shinsha 1967 Dōreki 童歴 Children the Year Around Eizō no Gendai 3 Tokyo Chuōkōronsha 1971 Black and white photographs many but not all of which show children arranged by season Texts in both Japanese and English Izumo jiryojō 出雲路旅情 Text by Ishizuka Takatoshi 石塚尊俊 Tokyo Asahi Shinbunsha 1971 Shinwa no tabi Izumo Hyuga no furusato 神話の旅 出雲 日向のふるさと Text by Ueda Masaaki 上田正昭 et al Nihon no Furusato Shirizu Tokyo Mainichi Shinbunsha 1973 Izumo 出雲 Tokyo Mainichi Shinbunsha 1974 Ueda Shōji shōryokō shashinchō Oto no nai kioku 植田正治小旅行写真帳 音のない記憶 Tokyo Nippon Camera 1974 Izumo Taisha 出雲大社 Text by Tōno Yoshiaki 東野芳明 Heibonsha Gyarari 24 Tokyo Heibonsha 1974 Sakyu Kodomo no shiki 砂丘 子供の四季 Sand Dunes Seasons of the Children Sonorama Shashin Sensho 11 Tokyo Asahi Sonorama 1978 With a summary in English in addition to the Japanese text Matsue Sen kyuhyaku rokuju nen 松江 一九六 年 Matsue Yonago San in Hōsō 1978 in Japanese Shin Izumo fudoki 新出雲風土記 A New Topography of Izumo Nihon no Bi Gendai Nihon Shashin Zenshu 5 Tokyo Shueisha 1980 A large format collection of color photographs of Izumo Despite the additional English title provided inconspicuously within the colophon this book has no captions or text in English Ueda Shōji besutan shashinchō Shiroi kaze 植田正治ベス単写真帖 白い風 Brilliant Scenes Tokyo Nippon Camera 1981 ISBN 4 8179 2003 3 in Japanese Ueda Shōji 植田正治 Shōwa Shashin Zen shigoto 10 Tokyo Asahi Shinbunsha 1983 Kidō kaiki 軌道回帰 Shoji Ueda Polaroid 35m m Photo Album 3 vols Self published 1986 Sakyu Ueda Shōji shashinshu 砂丘 植田正治写真集 Dunes Tokyo Parco 1986 ISBN 4 89194 129 4 Shoji Ueda Fotografien 1930 1986 Bremen Forum Bottcherstrasse Bremen Museum fur Fotografie und Zeitkunst Bremen 1987 Umi kaze yama iro Shashinshu 海風山色 写真集 中国路 The view of Chugokuji Tokyo Gyōsei 1990 Fudohen 風土編 ISBN 4 324 02312 3 Shizenhen 自然編 ISBN 4 324 02312 3 Ueda Shōji sakuhinten Sakyu gekijo 植田正治作品展 砂丘劇所 JCII Photo Salon Library 15 Tokyo JCII Photo Salon 1992 Catalogue of an exhibition in Japanese Ueda Shōji no shashin 植田正治の写真 Shoji Ueda Tokyo Tokyo Station Gallery 1993 Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Tokyo Station Gallery in July August 1993 With a very little text in English and French but captions and much other material in Japanese only Ueda Shōji shashinshu 植田正治写真集 Shoji Ueda Photographs Tokyo Takarajima sha 1995 ISBN 4 7966 1015 4 Shoji Ueda Photographs 1930 s 1990 s Kishimoto Tottori Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography 1995 Ueda Shōji sakuhinshu 植田正治作品集 Text by Ikezawa Natsuki 池沢夏樹 Tokyo Parco 1995 1 Hito tachi 人 たち ISBN 4 89194 448 X 2 Mono tachi 物 たち ISBN 4 89194 449 8 Stone Sculpture Text by Nakaoka Shintarō 中岡慎太郎 Tokyo BeeBooks 1996 ISBN 4 89615 837 7 in Japanese Oku no hosomichi o yuku おくのほそ道 をゆく Text by Kuroda Momoko 黒田杏子 Shotor Library Tokyo Shōgakkan 1997 ISBN 4 09 343103 5 A lavishly illustrated retracing of the Oku no hosomichi of Matsuo Bashō in Japanese Ueda Shōji 植田正治 Nihon no Shashinka 20 Tokyo Iwanami Shoten 1998 ISBN 4 00 008360 0 Ueda Shōji shashin no sakuhō Amachua shokun 植田正治 写真の作法 アマチュア諸君 Kyoto Kōrinsha 1999 ISBN 4 7713 0352 5 Shoji Ueda Collection l Oiseau rare Trezelan Filigranes 2000 ISBN 2 910682 72 2 Ueda Shōji Watakushi no shashin sakuhō 植田正治私の写真作法 Tokyo TBS Britannica 2000 ISBN 4 484 00217 5 Manazashi no kioku Dareka no kataware de まなざしの記憶 だれかの傍らで Text by Washida Kiyokazu 鷲田清一 Tokyo TBS Britannica 2000 ISBN 4 484 00414 3 Masaharu Fukuyama Portraits Shoji Ueda Photographs Kishimoto Tottori Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography 2002 Catalogue of an exhibition held July September 2002 Two volumes Une ligne subtile Shoji Ueda 1913 2000 Lausanne Musee de l Elysee Paris Maison europeenne de la photographie c2006 ISBN 2 88474 015 5 Una Linia Subtil Shoji Ueda 1913 2000 Barcelona Fundacio la Caixa 2005 ISBN 978 84 7664 876 6 In Catalan and English Una Linea Sutil Shoji Ueda 1913 2000 Barcelona Fundacio la Caixa 2005 ISBN 978 84 7664 877 3 In Spanish and English in Japanese Ueda Shōji shashinshu Fukinukeru kaze 植田正治写真集 吹き抜ける風 Tokyo Kyuryudō 2006 ISBN 4 7630 0606 1 Ueda Shōji 植田正治 Ueda Shoji Hysteric 16 Tokyo Hysteric Glamour 2006 Inconspicuously Ueda Shōji chiisai denki 植田正治 小さい伝記 Ueda Shoji Small Biography A collection of Ueda s series Small Biography 小さい伝記 Chiisai denki as it appeared in Camera Mainichi in the 1970s and 1980s in Japanese Boku no arubamu 僕のアルバム An Album The Everlasting Story Tokyo Kyuryudō 2007 ISBN 978 4 7630 0729 2 Despite the alternative title in English all in Japanese Photographs circa 1935 50 for the most part previously unpublished and from prints newly made from Ueda s negatives Many are of Ueda s wife Ueda Shōji no sekai 植田正治の世界 Corona Books 136 Tokyo Heibonsha 2007 ISBN 978 4 582 63434 1 in Japanese Ueda Shōji Chiisai denki 植田正治 小さい伝記 Small Biography Hankyu Komyunikeshonzu 2007 ISBN 978 4 484 07235 7 Only in Japanese despite the alternative title Other books with works by Ueda edit in Japanese Ueda Shōji to sono nakama tachi 1935 55 植田正治とその仲間たち 1935 55 Shōji Ueda and his friends 1935 55 Yonago Tottori Yonago City Museum of Art 1992 Catalogue of an exhibition held in February March 1992 in Yonago City Museum of Art with reproductions of many of Ueda s works Suihen no kioku San yō San in no shashinka tachi Ueda Shōji Hayashi Tadahiko Midorikawa Yōichi Matsumoto Norihiko ten 水辺の記憶 山陽山陰の写真家たち 植田正治 林忠彦 緑川洋一 松本徳彦 展 Onomichi Hiroshima Onomichi City Museum of Art 1999 Catalogue of an exhibition of the works of Ueda Tadahiko Hayashi Yōichi Midorikawa and Norihiko Matsumoto Midorikawa Yōichi to yukari no shashinka tachi 1938 59 緑川洋一とゆかりの写真家たち1938 59 Okayama Okayama Prefectural Museum of Art 2005 Yamagishi Shoji ed Japan a Self Portrait New York International Center of Photography 1979 ISBN 0 933642 01 6 hard ISBN 0 933642 02 4 paper Pages 105 110 are devoted to Ueda s work Self Portrait Hysteric 2 Tokyo Hysteric Glamour 1991 in Japanese Sengo shashin Saisei to tenkai 戦後写真 再生と展開 Twelve Photographers in Japan 1945 55 Yamaguchi Yamaguchi Prefectural Museum of Art 1990 Catalogue of an exhibition held in Yamaguchi Prefectural Museum of Art Despite the alternative title in English almost exclusively in Japanese although each of the twelve has a potted chronology in English Twenty one of Ueda s photographs of people on the Tottori dunes appear on pp 104 114 Tachihara Michizō Ushinawareta yoru ni Tachihara Michizō shishu 失なわれた夜に 立原道造詩集 Tokyo Sanrio 1975 A poetry collection by Michizō Tachihara Notes edit a b c d e Yumi Kim Takenaka Realism and Ethnology in Ueda Shōji s Photography Another Aspect of Ueda chō Art Research vol 1 p 61 68 a b c d Kaneko Ryuichi The Man Who Photographed Ueda Shoji in Ueda Shoji amp Jacques Henri Lartigue Play with Photography exh cat Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography Tokyo 2013 p 190 192 a b c d e f g h i Gabriel Bauret Less is More in Une ligne subtile Shoji Ueda exh cat Musee de l Elysee Lausanne 2006 p 7 11 a b c Une ligne subtile Shoji Ueda exh cat Musee de l Elysee Lausanne 2006 Gabriel Bauret Jacques Henri Lartigue Ueda Shoji A Tentative Comparison in Ueda Shoji amp Jacques Henri Lartigue Play with Photography exh cat Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography Tokyo 2013 p 185 189 IIzawa Kōtarō The Evolution of Postwar Photography in The History of Japanese Photography exh cat Museum of Fine Arts Houston 2003 p 213 14 Suzuki Yoshiko Ueda Shoji and Jacques Henri Lartique Two Singular Photographers in Ueda Shoji amp Jacques Henri Lartigue Play with Photography exh cat Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography Tokyo 2013 p 194 Shoji Ueda 砂丘 La Mode Tokyo Asahi Shimbun Publications 2016 a b Shoji Ueda Photo Exhibition Vest Pocket Sketches White Winds Brillant Scenes 2022 Fujifilm Square Japan https fujifilmsquare jp en exhibition 220630 05 html accessed 18 November 2023 a b c Sean O Hagan Shōji Ueda the most beautiful surprising photobook of the year The Guardian 18 December 2015 https www theguardian com artanddesign 2015 dec 18 shoji ueda most beautiful surprising photobook of the year accessed 18 November 2023 Hitoshi Tanaka Ryota Katsukara et al Les Memoires des Couleurs Preserving the Color Works of Shoji Ueda and Creating the Digital Archives 2019 https www color t kougei ac jp content file r tanaka30 pdf accessed 18 November 2023 References edit in Japanese Nihon no shashinka 日本の写真家 Biographic Dictionary of Japanese Photography Tokyo Nichigai Associates 2005 ISBN 4 8169 1948 1 Despite its alternative English title in Japanese only in Japanese Nihon shashinka jiten 日本写真家事典 328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers Kyoto Tankōsha 2000 ISBN 4 473 01750 8 Despite its alternative English title in Japanese only Tucker Anne Wilkes et al The History of Japanese Photography New Haven Yale University Press 2003 ISBN 0 300 09925 8 in Japanese Ueda Shōji 植田正治 Nihon no Shashinka 20 Tokyo Iwanami Shoten 1998 ISBN 4 00 008360 0 Particularly the chronology on pp 68 9 in Japanese Ueda Shoji chiisaidenki 植田正治 小さい伝記 Hankyu communications 2008 in Japanese Sanin nite Ueda Shoji no satsuei should ryokou 山陰にて 植田正治の撮影小旅行 Shoji Ueda Museum of photography s brochure 2018 in Japanese Mittu no ki wa do de saguru Ueda Shoji no sekai 3つのキーワードで探る 植田正治の世界 Shoji Ueda Museum of photography s brochure 2022 External links editShoji Ueda Museum of Photography Shoji Ueda Office Ono Philbert Ueda Shoji Photoguide Japan Retrieved from 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