During the prelude to the Roman-Seleucid War, Seleucus was put in charge of the re-established colony of Lysimacheia by his father.[4][5] Upon the outbreak of war, Seleucus commanded his own force, unsuccessfully besieging Pergamon,[6] and taking the city of Phocaea[7] before fighting in the Battle of Magnesia alongside his father.[8] After their defeat at Magnesia, Seleucus was made co-regent in 189 BC[9] and the Seleucids signed the Treaty of Apamea with Rome in 188 BC.[10] As part of the treaty, Seleucus oversaw the supply of grain and scouts to Roman and Pergamene forces during their campaign against the Galatians.[7]
Reign
In 187 BC, Antiochus died[10] after looting the Temple of Bel in Elymaïs[11] and Seleucus took over as Basileus. He renewed an alliance with the Achaean League,[11] and almost joined in Pharnaces I's invasion of Galatia, before reconsidering and turning back.[9][11] He also substituted his son Demetrius instead of his brother Antiochus IV as a hostage in Rome.[12]
Death
On September 3, 175 BC (137 SE), Seleucus was assassinated by Heliodorus, one of his leading bureaucrats. The ancient sources do not record a motive for this act; possibly it was simple lust for power, or possibly the sources misattributed the death to the one who gained the most from it.[13] Heliodorus took over as regent, ruling on behalf of Seleucus IV's young child Antiochus. Heliodorus's reign as regent was brief, however; months later, he was replaced by Antiochus IV with support from Pergamon.[12][9]
In the Judeo-Christian tradition
Coin of Seleucus IV Philopator, stamp Greek: (Β)ΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ (ΣΕ)ΛΕΥΚΟΥ
The book 2 Maccabees discusses Seleucus IV, a Jewish text later included as scripture by Christians. In 2 Maccabees 3, Seleucus IV sends out Heliodorus on a tax-collecting mission after hearing an inflated report of the Temple's wealth. Helidorus attempts to raid the treasury of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, but is repelled by angelic beings in a miracle.[14] The incident is also referred to obliquely in the Book of Daniel which states that Seleucus "will send out a tax collector to maintain the royal splendor";[15] the collector is also referred to as an "extortioner" (Jerusalem Bible) or an "exactor of tribute" (Revised Standard Version).
Other ancient accounts
In general, many (non-religious) ancient sources portray Seleucus IV as something of a weak ruler. Lester L. Grabbe cautions that this hostility may be unwarranted from historians who expected skilled kings to go to war. Seleucis IV appears to have run a fairly quiet period of rebuilding, but he managed relations with Rome astutely given the inferior position the Seleucid Empire found itself in after its defeat in the Roman–Seleucid War. A decade of peace would give the Seleucid Empire time to recover its strength.[16]
^Grabbe, Lester L. (2008). A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period: The Coming of the Greeks: The Early Hellenistic Period (335–175 BCE). Library of Second Temple Studies. Vol. 68. T&T Clark. p. 319. ISBN978-0-567-03396-3.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Seleucus IV.
Seleucus IV Philopator entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
seleucus, philopator, greek, Σέλευκος, Φιλοπάτωρ, september, ruler, hellenistic, seleucid, empire, reigned, from, over, realm, consisting, syria, including, cilicia, judea, mesopotamia, babylonia, nearer, iran, media, persia, basileussilver, tetradrachm, seleu. Seleucus IV Philopator 1 Greek Seleykos Filopatwr c 218 3 September 175 BC 2 3 ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria now including Cilicia and Judea Mesopotamia Babylonia and Nearer Iran Media and Persia Seleucus IV PhilopatorBasileusSilver tetradrachm of Seleucus IV minted in Ptolemais Ake featuring a portrait of Seleucus on the obverse SC 1331aBasileus of the Seleucid EmpireReign3 July 187 3 September 175 BCPredecessorAntiochus III the GreatSuccessorAntiochusBornc 218 BCDied3 September 175 BC aged 42 43 SpouseLaodice IVIssueAntiochusDemetrius I SoterLaodice VDynastySeleucidFatherAntiochus III the GreatMotherLaodice III Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Birth and family 1 2 Seleucid conflict with Rome 1 3 Reign 1 4 Death 2 In the Judeo Christian tradition 3 Other ancient accounts 4 Ancestry 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksBiography EditBirth and family Edit He was the second son and successor of Antiochus III the Great and Laodice III Seleucus IV wed his sister Laodice IV by whom he had three children two sons Demetrius I Soter Antiochus and a daughter Laodice V Seleucid conflict with Rome Edit During the prelude to the Roman Seleucid War Seleucus was put in charge of the re established colony of Lysimacheia by his father 4 5 Upon the outbreak of war Seleucus commanded his own force unsuccessfully besieging Pergamon 6 and taking the city of Phocaea 7 before fighting in the Battle of Magnesia alongside his father 8 After their defeat at Magnesia Seleucus was made co regent in 189 BC 9 and the Seleucids signed the Treaty of Apamea with Rome in 188 BC 10 As part of the treaty Seleucus oversaw the supply of grain and scouts to Roman and Pergamene forces during their campaign against the Galatians 7 Reign Edit In 187 BC Antiochus died 10 after looting the Temple of Bel in Elymais 11 and Seleucus took over as Basileus He renewed an alliance with the Achaean League 11 and almost joined in Pharnaces I s invasion of Galatia before reconsidering and turning back 9 11 He also substituted his son Demetrius instead of his brother Antiochus IV as a hostage in Rome 12 Death Edit On September 3 175 BC 137 SE Seleucus was assassinated by Heliodorus one of his leading bureaucrats The ancient sources do not record a motive for this act possibly it was simple lust for power or possibly the sources misattributed the death to the one who gained the most from it 13 Heliodorus took over as regent ruling on behalf of Seleucus IV s young child Antiochus Heliodorus s reign as regent was brief however months later he was replaced by Antiochus IV with support from Pergamon 12 9 In the Judeo Christian tradition Edit Coin of Seleucus IV Philopator stamp Greek B ASILEWS SE LEYKOY The book 2 Maccabees discusses Seleucus IV a Jewish text later included as scripture by Christians In 2 Maccabees 3 Seleucus IV sends out Heliodorus on a tax collecting mission after hearing an inflated report of the Temple s wealth Helidorus attempts to raid the treasury of the Second Temple in Jerusalem but is repelled by angelic beings in a miracle 14 The incident is also referred to obliquely in the Book of Daniel which states that Seleucus will send out a tax collector to maintain the royal splendor 15 the collector is also referred to as an extortioner Jerusalem Bible or an exactor of tribute Revised Standard Version Other ancient accounts EditIn general many non religious ancient sources portray Seleucus IV as something of a weak ruler Lester L Grabbe cautions that this hostility may be unwarranted from historians who expected skilled kings to go to war Seleucis IV appears to have run a fairly quiet period of rebuilding but he managed relations with Rome astutely given the inferior position the Seleucid Empire found itself in after its defeat in the Roman Seleucid War A decade of peace would give the Seleucid Empire time to recover its strength 16 Ancestry EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Ancestors of Seleucus IV Philopator16 28 Antiochus I Soter8 14 Antiochus II Theos17 29 Stratonice of Syria4 Seleucus II Callinicus18 20 30 Achaeus9 15 Laodice I2 Antiochus III the Great20 18 30 Achaeus10 Andromachus5 Laodice1 Seleucus IV Philopator24 Mithridates I King of Pontus12 Ariobarzanes King of Pontus6 Mithridates II King of Pontus3 Laodice III28 16 Antiochus I Soter14 8 Antiochus II Theos29 17 Stratonice of Syria7 Laodice30 18 20 Achaeus15 9 LaodiceSee also Edit Asia portalList of Syrian monarchs Timeline of Syrian historyReferences Edit Philopator definition examples related words and more at Wordnik Seleucus IV Philopator Livius org Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 20 1973 p 190 Livius Titus Ab Urbe Condita Vol 35 Appian The Syrian Wars 1 Livius www livius org Retrieved 6 November 2020 Appian The Syrian Wars 6 Livius www livius org Retrieved 6 November 2020 a b Livius Titus Ab Urbe Condita Vol 37 Appian The Syrian Wars 7 Livius www livius org Retrieved 6 November 2020 a b c Hornblower Simon Spawforth Antony Eidinow Esther 2012 The Oxford classical dictionary p 1342 ISBN 978 0 19 954556 8 OCLC 779530090 a b Hornblower Simon Spawforth Antony Eidinow Esther 2012 The Oxford classical dictionary p 105 ISBN 978 0 19 954556 8 OCLC 779530090 a b c Siculus Diodorus Bibliotheca Historica Vol 29 10 15 a b Appian The Syrian Wars 9 Livius www livius org Retrieved 6 November 2020 Gera Dov 1998 Judaea and Mediterranean Politics 219 to 161 B C E Leiden Brill p 110 113 ISBN 90 04 09441 5 Scolnic Benjamin 2004 Alcimus Enemy of the Maccabees University Press America Inc p 5 ISBN 0 7618 3044 8 Daniel 11 20 New International Version Grabbe Lester L 2008 A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period The Coming of the Greeks The Early Hellenistic Period 335 175 BCE Library of Second Temple Studies Vol 68 T amp T Clark p 319 ISBN 978 0 567 03396 3 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Seleucus IV Seleucus IV Philopator entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H SmithSeleucus IV PhilopatorSeleucid dynastyBorn c 218 Died 175 BCPreceded byAntiochus III the Great Seleucid King King of Syria 187 175 BC Succeeded byAntiochus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Seleucus IV Philopator amp oldid 1144162449, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
