Scutiger sikimmensis is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. It is found in northeastern India (West Bengal, Sikkim, and Meghalaya), Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet.[2][3] Many common names have been coined for this species: Sikkim lazy toad, Sikimmese pelobatid toad, Sikkim high altitude toad, Sikkim spade foot frog, Blyth's short-limbed frog,[2] and Sikkim snow toad.[3] It is very common in the high altitudes of Sikkimese Himalaya.[3]
Males measure 42–62 mm (1.7–2.4 in) and females 45–67 mm (1.8–2.6 in) in snout–vent length. The dorsum is olive green, brown, or greyish-brown with numerous warts and variable patterning. The underparts are yellowish, uniform and smooth. The head is wider than long; the tympanum is hidden. The parotoid gland are present. The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes have rudimentary webbing.[3]Tadpoles are up to 53 mm (2.1 in) in length.[4]
Habitat and conservationedit
Scutiger sikimmensis is an alpine toad living near streams, oxbow lakes, seepages, and stream-fed marshes as well as the surrounding forest and grassland habitats.[1][3][4] Breeding takes place in streams in May–June[4] or June–August;[3] males call from under the rocks at night.[1][3] The altitudinal range differs between sources; the lower limit is about 2,500 m (8,200 ft) and the upper limit 4,600–5,000 m (15,100–16,400 ft) above sea level.[1][3]
The species is common in the Indian part of its range but rare in Tibet. Major threats are diversion of water from breeding streams for irrigation and water pollution from agrochemicals. However, it is not considered threatened overall.[1]
Referencesedit
^ abcdeFei, Liang; Lau, Michael Wai Neng; Dutta, Sushil; Ohler, Annemarie; Shrestha, Tej Kumar (2004). "Scutiger sikimmensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. IUCN: e.T57622A11665087. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57622A11665087.en.
^ abFrost, Darrel R. (2016). "Scutiger sikimmensis (Blyth, 1855)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
^ abcdefghSubba, Barkha; Ravikanth, G.; Aravind, N.A. (26 August 2015). "Scaling new heights: first record of Boulenger's Lazy Toad Scutiger boulengeri (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from high altitude lake in Sikkim Himalaya, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 7 (10): 7655–7663. doi:10.11609/JoTT.o4325.7655-63.
^ abc"Scutiger sikimmensis (Blyth, 1854)". AmphibiaChina (in Chinese). Kunming Institute of Zoology. 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
April 18, 2024
scutiger, sikimmensis, species, toad, family, megophryidae, found, northeastern, india, west, bengal, sikkim, meghalaya, nepal, bhutan, tibet, many, common, names, have, been, coined, this, species, sikkim, lazy, toad, sikimmese, pelobatid, toad, sikkim, high,. Scutiger sikimmensis is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae It is found in northeastern India West Bengal Sikkim and Meghalaya Nepal Bhutan and Tibet 2 3 Many common names have been coined for this species Sikkim lazy toad Sikimmese pelobatid toad Sikkim high altitude toad Sikkim spade foot frog Blyth s short limbed frog 2 and Sikkim snow toad 3 It is very common in the high altitudes of Sikkimese Himalaya 3 Scutiger sikimmensis Scutiger sikimmensis from Sikkim India Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Order Anura Family Megophryidae Genus Scutiger Species S sikimmensis Binomial name Scutiger sikimmensis Blyth 1855 Synonyms Bombinator sikimmensis Blyth 1855 1854 Scutiger sikkimmensis misspellingDescription editMales measure 42 62 mm 1 7 2 4 in and females 45 67 mm 1 8 2 6 in in snout vent length The dorsum is olive green brown or greyish brown with numerous warts and variable patterning The underparts are yellowish uniform and smooth The head is wider than long the tympanum is hidden The parotoid gland are present The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes have rudimentary webbing 3 Tadpoles are up to 53 mm 2 1 in in length 4 Habitat and conservation editScutiger sikimmensis is an alpine toad living near streams oxbow lakes seepages and stream fed marshes as well as the surrounding forest and grassland habitats 1 3 4 Breeding takes place in streams in May June 4 or June August 3 males call from under the rocks at night 1 3 The altitudinal range differs between sources the lower limit is about 2 500 m 8 200 ft and the upper limit 4 600 5 000 m 15 100 16 400 ft above sea level 1 3 The species is common in the Indian part of its range but rare in Tibet Major threats are diversion of water from breeding streams for irrigation and water pollution from agrochemicals However it is not considered threatened overall 1 References edit a b c d e Fei Liang Lau Michael Wai Neng Dutta Sushil Ohler Annemarie Shrestha Tej Kumar 2004 Scutiger sikimmensis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004 IUCN e T57622A11665087 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2004 RLTS T57622A11665087 en a b Frost Darrel R 2016 Scutiger sikimmensis Blyth 1855 Amphibian Species of the World an Online Reference Version 6 0 American Museum of Natural History Retrieved 19 January 2017 a b c d e f g h Subba Barkha Ravikanth G Aravind N A 26 August 2015 Scaling new heights first record of Boulenger s Lazy Toad Scutiger boulengeri Amphibia Anura Megophryidae from high altitude lake in Sikkim Himalaya India Journal of Threatened Taxa 7 10 7655 7663 doi 10 11609 JoTT o4325 7655 63 a b c Scutiger sikimmensis Blyth 1854 AmphibiaChina in Chinese Kunming Institute of Zoology 2015 Retrieved 19 January 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Scutiger sikimmensis amp oldid 1170118334, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
