The R-17 Elbrus,[2]GRAU index9K72 is a tactical ballistic missile, initially developed by the Soviet Union. It is also known by its NATOreporting nameSS-1C Scud-B. It is one of several Soviet missiles to carry the reporting name Scud; the most prolifically launched of the series, with a production run estimated at 7,000 (1960–1987). Also designated R-300 during the 1970s, the R-17 was derived from the R-11 Zemlya. It has been operated by 32 countries and manufactured in four countries outside the Soviet Union. It is still in service with some. It's been called the Hwasong-5 in North Korea.[3]
R-17 Elbrus
An R-17 missile at the Muzeum Uzbrojenia (Museum of Armament), Poznań, Poland (2004)
The first mock-up was designed and built by Makeyev in 1958–1959, before the programme was transferred to the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant in 1959 for mass production. The first launch was conducted in 1961, and it entered service in 1964.[4]
The rear section of an 8K14 missile, showing the fixed fins and the graphite vanes that control the missile's path.
R-17 on reload transport trailer with ZIL-131 tractor
Design
The R-17 featured important improvements over the R-11. The Isayev RD-21 engine used a combination of inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA) oxidiser and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel, fed into the combustion chamber by fuel pumps that ensured a more consistent thrust. The guidance system, active only during the boosted phase, uses three gyroscopes, that give it a Circular error probable (CEP) of 450 m[5] (900 m according to western sources.[6]) A nuclear warhead was designed for the R-17, with a selectable yield, from 5 to 70 kilotons. However it could also carry a chemical warhead, containing 555 kg of viscous VX; a conventional weapon, with a single high explosive warhead; or a series of fragmentation payloads, using either high explosive, anti-tank or anti-runway munitions.[5]
At first, the R-17 was carried on a tracked TEL similar to that of the R-11, designated 2P19, but this was not very successful, as the vibration of the tracks had a tendency to interfere with the launch electronics. Production of this model was halted after Khrushchev cancelled the production of heavy tanks in 1962, and a wheeled launcher was designed by the Titan Central Design Bureau, becoming operational in 1967.[7] The new MAZ-543 vehicle was officially designated 9P117 Uragan, and its Russian crews nicknamed it Kashalot (sperm whale), because of its size.[8] The eight-wheeled MAZ-543 has a loaded weight of 37,400 kg, a road speed of 55 km/h and a range of 650 km. It can carry out the launch sequence autonomously, but this is usually directed from a separate command vehicle. The missile is raised to a vertical position by means of hydraulically powered cranes, which usually takes four minutes, while the total sequence lasts about one hour.[5]
Libya – It has been rumoured that R-17s were fired by loyalist forces against rebels in the 2011 Libyan civil war during the first phase of the war.[9] On 14 August 2011 a confirmed R-17 launch was detected by a US Aegis destroyer, with the missile fired from Sirte and heading toward rebel positions in Ajdabiya. The missile fell 80 km off target in the middle of the desert, inflicting no damage.[10] Eight days later, on August 22, three more R-17 launches were detected by NATO.[11]
^ abZak, Anatoly. "R-17". RussianSpaceWeb.com. from the original on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
^"Soviet/Russian Missile Designations". Johnston's Archive. from the original on 2008-10-08. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
^"North Korean Missile Designations". GlobalSecurity.org. from the original on 2017-08-19. Retrieved 2019-07-21.
^Wade, Mark. . Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2008-02-19. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
^ abc. Jane's Information Group. 26 April 2001. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
^"R-11/SS-1B SCUD-A R-300 9K72 Elbrus/SS-1C SCUD-B". Federation of American Scientists. September 9, 2000. from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
^Gilligan, Andrew (2011-05-08). "The forgotten frontline in Libya's civil war". The Daily Telegraph. London. from the original on 2018-04-18. Retrieved 2019-07-21.
^McElroy, Damien (2011-08-16). "Gaddafi fires Scud missile at rebel forces". The Independent. from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
^"NATO says Gaddafi forces fire three Scud-type rockets". Reuters. 2011-08-22. from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2019-07-21.
^Krebs, Gunter Dirk. "Soviet Ballistic Missiles". Gunter's Space Page. from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
^ [Russian Ballistic Missiles]. InBSite.com. Archived from the original on 2013-03-31. Retrieved 2015-09-14.
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Оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс 9К72 "Эльбрус"(in Russian)
9К72 (Р-300) - 159 ракетная бригада ОТР(in Russian)
Военком - Оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс 9К72 "Эльбрус"(in Russian)
Оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс Р-17[permanent dead link](in Russian)
Ракета 8К14 (Р-17) (in Russian)
RusArmy.com - Ракетный комплекс 9К72 "Эльбрус"(in Russian)
9K72 «Elbrus» tactical missile system(in Russian)
March 11, 2023
elbrus, grau, index, 9k72, tactical, ballistic, missile, initially, developed, soviet, union, also, known, nato, reporting, name, scud, several, soviet, missiles, carry, reporting, name, scud, most, prolifically, launched, series, with, production, estimated, . The R 17 Elbrus 2 GRAU index 9K72 is a tactical ballistic missile initially developed by the Soviet Union It is also known by its NATO reporting name SS 1C Scud B It is one of several Soviet missiles to carry the reporting name Scud the most prolifically launched of the series with a production run estimated at 7 000 1960 1987 Also designated R 300 during the 1970s the R 17 was derived from the R 11 Zemlya It has been operated by 32 countries and manufactured in four countries outside the Soviet Union It is still in service with some It s been called the Hwasong 5 in North Korea 3 R 17 ElbrusAn R 17 missile at the Muzeum Uzbrojenia Museum of Armament Poznan Poland 2004 TypeShort range ballistic missilePlace of originUSSRService historyIn service1964 presentWarsIran Iraq War Yom Kippur War 1 Soviet Afghan War Libyan Civil War Gulf War 2020 Nagorno Karabakh conflictProduction historyDesignerViktor MakeyevDesigned1956 1958Produced1960 1987SpecificationsMass5 800 kg 12 800 lb Length11 200 mm 36 7 ft Diameter880 mm 2 89 ft EngineRD 21PropellantUDMH HNO3Accuracy450 900 m CEP LaunchplatformTEL Contents 1 History 2 Design 3 Constitution 4 Combat use 5 Specifications 6 See also 7 ReferencesHistory EditThe first mock up was designed and built by Makeyev in 1958 1959 before the programme was transferred to the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant in 1959 for mass production The first launch was conducted in 1961 and it entered service in 1964 4 The rear section of an 8K14 missile showing the fixed fins and the graphite vanes that control the missile s path R 17 on reload transport trailer with ZIL 131 tractorDesign EditThe R 17 featured important improvements over the R 11 The Isayev RD 21 engine used a combination of inhibited red fuming nitric acid IRFNA oxidiser and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine UDMH fuel fed into the combustion chamber by fuel pumps that ensured a more consistent thrust The guidance system active only during the boosted phase uses three gyroscopes that give it a Circular error probable CEP of 450 m 5 900 m according to western sources 6 A nuclear warhead was designed for the R 17 with a selectable yield from 5 to 70 kilotons However it could also carry a chemical warhead containing 555 kg of viscous VX a conventional weapon with a single high explosive warhead or a series of fragmentation payloads using either high explosive anti tank or anti runway munitions 5 MAZ 543 Uragan carrying a 9K72 Elbrus At first the R 17 was carried on a tracked TEL similar to that of the R 11 designated 2P19 but this was not very successful as the vibration of the tracks had a tendency to interfere with the launch electronics Production of this model was halted after Khrushchev cancelled the production of heavy tanks in 1962 and a wheeled launcher was designed by the Titan Central Design Bureau becoming operational in 1967 7 The new MAZ 543 vehicle was officially designated 9P117 Uragan and its Russian crews nicknamed it Kashalot sperm whale because of its size 8 The eight wheeled MAZ 543 has a loaded weight of 37 400 kg a road speed of 55 km h and a range of 650 km It can carry out the launch sequence autonomously but this is usually directed from a separate command vehicle The missile is raised to a vertical position by means of hydraulically powered cranes which usually takes four minutes while the total sequence lasts about one hour 5 Constitution EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The units of the R 17 theater ballistic missile were organized with the following vehicles 9P117 Uragan Transport Standing Launcher 3 2T3M1 transport trailer x 4 2SH3 container x 2 GAZ 66 mobile command vehicle x 5 1T12 2M weather observation vehicle x 2 8T311 fuel neutralizer transport vehicle x 3 9G29 missile fuel vehicle x 2 ASC 4 255B oxidizer tank car x 4 9T31M1 mobile crane x 2 Ural 4320 warhead transport truck x 2 ZIL 131 MTO V vehicle maintenance vehicles ZIL 131 ITO AT vehicle maintenance vehicle x 2 ZIL 131 9S436 1 Electronic control vehicle x 2 UAZ 469 small military car x 1 KP 130 field kitchen x 2 ZIL 157KG transport truck x 2 ATZ 4 131 fuel vehicle x 4Combat use EditLibya It has been rumoured that R 17s were fired by loyalist forces against rebels in the 2011 Libyan civil war during the first phase of the war 9 On 14 August 2011 a confirmed R 17 launch was detected by a US Aegis destroyer with the missile fired from Sirte and heading toward rebel positions in Ajdabiya The missile fell 80 km off target in the middle of the desert inflicting no damage 10 Eight days later on August 22 three more R 17 launches were detected by NATO 11 Specifications EditRange 300 km 1 12 CEP 500 900 m 13 Type of fuel liquid Preparation time 1 hour Period of storage 19 years in stock 6 month in combat condition Flight time 15 minutesSee also EditHwasong 5 Hwasong 6References Edit a b Zak Anatoly R 17 RussianSpaceWeb com Archived from the original on 2015 02 25 Retrieved 2014 05 26 Soviet Russian Missile Designations Johnston s Archive Archived from the original on 2008 10 08 Retrieved 2008 11 22 North Korean Missile Designations GlobalSecurity org Archived from the original on 2017 08 19 Retrieved 2019 07 21 Wade Mark R 17 Encyclopedia Astronautica Archived from the original on 2008 02 19 Retrieved 2008 02 13 a b c SS 1 Scud R 11 8K11 R 11FM SS N 1B and R 17 8K14 Jane s Information Group 26 April 2001 Archived from the original on 15 December 2007 Retrieved 2008 02 12 R 11 SS 1B SCUD A R 300 9K72 Elbrus SS 1C SCUD B Federation of American Scientists September 9 2000 Archived from the original on March 7 2008 Retrieved 2008 02 21 Zaloga pp 14 15 Zaloga p 17 Gilligan Andrew 2011 05 08 The forgotten frontline in Libya s civil war The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 2018 04 18 Retrieved 2019 07 21 McElroy Damien 2011 08 16 Gaddafi fires Scud missile at rebel forces The Independent Archived from the original on 3 November 2012 Retrieved 19 September 2011 NATO says Gaddafi forces fire three Scud type rockets Reuters 2011 08 22 Archived from the original on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2019 07 21 Krebs Gunter Dirk Soviet Ballistic Missiles Gunter s Space Page Archived from the original on 2014 05 27 Retrieved 2014 05 26 Ballisticheskie rakety Rossii Russian Ballistic Missiles InBSite com Archived from the original on 2013 03 31 Retrieved 2015 09 14 9K72 R 300 Informacionnaya sistema Raketnaya tehnika in Russian Raketnyj kompleks 9K72 in Russian 9K72 Elbrus Scud B raketnyj kompleks Voennyj Informator Osnovy voennoj doktriny in Russian Operativno takticheskij raketnyj kompleks 9K72 Elbrus in Russian 9K72 R 300 159 raketnaya brigada OTR in Russian Voenkom Operativno takticheskij raketnyj kompleks 9K72 Elbrus in Russian Operativno takticheskij raketnyj kompleks R 17 permanent dead link in Russian Raketa 8K14 R 17 in Russian RusArmy com Raketnyj kompleks 9K72 Elbrus in Russian 9K72 Elbrus tactical missile system in Russian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title R 17 Elbrus amp oldid 1143297037, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
