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Scissor-tailed nightjar

The scissor-tailed nightjar (Hydropsalis torquata) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is distributed over much of eastern South America.

Scissor-tailed nightjar
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Caprimulgiformes
Family: Caprimulgidae
Genus: Hydropsalis
Species:
H. torquata
Binomial name
Hydropsalis torquata
(Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Synonyms
  • Caprimulgus torquatus
  • Hydropsalis brasiliana
  • Hydropsalis brasilianus

Taxonomy edit

The scissor-tailed nightjar was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the other nightjars in the genus Caprimulgus and coined the binomial name Caprimulgus torquatus.[2] The scissor-tailed nightjar is now placed with three other species in the genus Hydropsalis that was introduced in 1832 by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler.[3][4] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek hudro- meaning "water-" with psalis meaning "pair of scissors". The specific epithet torquata is from Latin torquatus meaning "collared".[5]

Two subspecies are recognised:[4]

  • H. t. torquata (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – south Suriname, Brazil and east Peru
  • H. t. furcifer (Vieillot, 1817) – south Peru to south Brazil and central Argentina

The specific epithet brasiliana or brasilianus was formerly sometimes used.[6][7][8]

Description edit

The most distinctive feature of the scissor-tailed nightjar is the male's elongated outer tail feathers, which are almost twice as long as its body. Not including those feathers, the two sexes are 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 11.8 in) long; including them, the male is up to 66 cm (26 in) long. Males weight 47.5 to 63 g (1.7 to 2.2 oz) and females 48 to 60 g (1.7 to 2.1 oz). Males of the nominate subspecies have brown upperparts with grayish white speckles; the middle of the back also has blackish streaks and tawny spots. It has a broad tawny collar on the hindneck. The tail feathers are brown and the long outer pair have broad white tips. The chin is buffy, the throat buff or whitish with brown spots or bars, the breast buff with narrow brown bars, and the belly and flanks buff with wide brown bars. The wings are generally brown with tawny or buff streaks and spots, and do not have the white band that many other nightjars' wings have. The female's wings are tawnier, the tail has no white, and the outer tail feathers are only slightly longer than the inner ones. H. t. furcifer is larger than the nominate, generally paler, and its nuchal collar is buffier.[8]

The song is "a prolonged sequence of tsips...sometimes for minutes on end". It is given at dusk and dawn from a perch and in flight. It also has "an extremely high tsig" flight call and "a low clucking sound".[8]

Distribution and habitat edit

The nominate subspecies of scissor-tailed nightjar is found from east central Peru across central Brazil. There is also an isolated population in Suriname. H. t. furcifer is found from southern Peru through Boliva and across southern Brazil, and south to Paraguay, northern and central Argentina, and Uruguay. They inhabit open and semi-open landscapes such as second growth and arid scrub, grasslands, acacia groves, pastures, and urban parks. It can be seen along roads, especially those bordering sugar cane fields. In elevation it generally ranges from sea level to 1,100 m (3,600 ft) but is found as high as 1,700 m (5,600 ft) in Peru and 2,700 m (8,900 ft) in Bolivia.[8]

The northern populations of scissor-tailed nightjar are generally resident. The southerly ones are thought to be migratory, spending the austral winter in southern Amazonia.[8]

Behavior edit

Feeding edit

The scissor-tailed nightjar is nocturnal. If forages by sallying from the ground or a perch. It has been documented feeding on insects of at least twelve orders. It apparently favors beetles (Coleoptera), of which at least 13 families have been identified in its diet. During the day it roosts on the ground in shade.[8]

Breeding edit

Male scissor-tailed nightjars perform a wing-clapping display. The species' nesting season has not been defined but appears to include at least September to December. They lay two eggs directly on the ground or even bare rock.[8]

Status edit

The IUCN has assessed the scissor-tailed nightjar as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range, and though its population size is unknown it is believed to be stable. It is fairly common to common in most of its range and appears to tolerate human activity, even living in urban parks.[1][8]

References edit

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Scissor-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis torquata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  2. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 1032.
  3. ^ Wagler, Johann Georg (1832). "Neue Sippen und Gattungen der Säugthiere und Vögel". Isis von Oken (in German). cols 1218–1235 [1222].
  4. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Frogmouths, Oilbird, potoos, nightjars". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  5. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 197, 388. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  6. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1940). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 218.
  7. ^ Pacheco, J.F.; Whitney, B.M. (1998). "Correction of the specific name of Long-trained nightjar". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 118: 259-262 [260].
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Witynski, M. (2020). Schulenberg, T.S. (ed.). "Scissor-tailed Nightjar (Hydropsalis torquata), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 7 July 2022.

scissor, tailed, nightjar, scissor, tailed, nightjar, hydropsalis, torquata, species, nightjar, family, caprimulgidae, distributed, over, much, eastern, south, america, conservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdo. The scissor tailed nightjar Hydropsalis torquata is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae It is distributed over much of eastern South America Scissor tailed nightjarConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesClade StrisoresOrder CaprimulgiformesFamily CaprimulgidaeGenus HydropsalisSpecies H torquataBinomial nameHydropsalis torquata Gmelin JF 1789 SynonymsCaprimulgus torquatus Hydropsalis brasiliana Hydropsalis brasilianus Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Feeding 4 2 Breeding 5 Status 6 ReferencesTaxonomy editThe scissor tailed nightjar was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus s Systema Naturae He placed it with the other nightjars in the genus Caprimulgus and coined the binomial name Caprimulgus torquatus 2 The scissor tailed nightjar is now placed with three other species in the genus Hydropsalis that was introduced in 1832 by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler 3 4 The genus name combines the Ancient Greek hudro meaning water with psalis meaning pair of scissors The specific epithet torquata is from Latin torquatus meaning collared 5 Two subspecies are recognised 4 H t torquata Gmelin JF 1789 south Suriname Brazil and east Peru H t furcifer Vieillot 1817 south Peru to south Brazil and central ArgentinaThe specific epithet brasiliana or brasilianus was formerly sometimes used 6 7 8 Description editThe most distinctive feature of the scissor tailed nightjar is the male s elongated outer tail feathers which are almost twice as long as its body Not including those feathers the two sexes are 25 to 30 cm 9 8 to 11 8 in long including them the male is up to 66 cm 26 in long Males weight 47 5 to 63 g 1 7 to 2 2 oz and females 48 to 60 g 1 7 to 2 1 oz Males of the nominate subspecies have brown upperparts with grayish white speckles the middle of the back also has blackish streaks and tawny spots It has a broad tawny collar on the hindneck The tail feathers are brown and the long outer pair have broad white tips The chin is buffy the throat buff or whitish with brown spots or bars the breast buff with narrow brown bars and the belly and flanks buff with wide brown bars The wings are generally brown with tawny or buff streaks and spots and do not have the white band that many other nightjars wings have The female s wings are tawnier the tail has no white and the outer tail feathers are only slightly longer than the inner ones H t furcifer is larger than the nominate generally paler and its nuchal collar is buffier 8 The song is a prolonged sequence of tsips sometimes for minutes on end It is given at dusk and dawn from a perch and in flight It also has an extremely high tsig flight call and a low clucking sound 8 Distribution and habitat editThe nominate subspecies of scissor tailed nightjar is found from east central Peru across central Brazil There is also an isolated population in Suriname H t furcifer is found from southern Peru through Boliva and across southern Brazil and south to Paraguay northern and central Argentina and Uruguay They inhabit open and semi open landscapes such as second growth and arid scrub grasslands acacia groves pastures and urban parks It can be seen along roads especially those bordering sugar cane fields In elevation it generally ranges from sea level to 1 100 m 3 600 ft but is found as high as 1 700 m 5 600 ft in Peru and 2 700 m 8 900 ft in Bolivia 8 The northern populations of scissor tailed nightjar are generally resident The southerly ones are thought to be migratory spending the austral winter in southern Amazonia 8 Behavior editFeeding edit The scissor tailed nightjar is nocturnal If forages by sallying from the ground or a perch It has been documented feeding on insects of at least twelve orders It apparently favors beetles Coleoptera of which at least 13 families have been identified in its diet During the day it roosts on the ground in shade 8 Breeding edit Male scissor tailed nightjars perform a wing clapping display The species nesting season has not been defined but appears to include at least September to December They lay two eggs directly on the ground or even bare rock 8 Status editThe IUCN has assessed the scissor tailed nightjar as being of Least Concern It has a very large range and though its population size is unknown it is believed to be stable It is fairly common to common in most of its range and appears to tolerate human activity even living in urban parks 1 8 References edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Scissor tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis torquata IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 Retrieved 6 October 2021 Gmelin Johann Friedrich 1789 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 Part 2 13th ed Lipsiae Leipzig Georg Emanuel Beer p 1032 Wagler Johann Georg 1832 Neue Sippen und Gattungen der Saugthiere und Vogel Isis von Oken in German cols 1218 1235 1222 a b Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds January 2022 Frogmouths Oilbird potoos nightjars IOC World Bird List Version 12 1 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 7 July 2022 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm pp 197 388 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Peters James Lee ed 1940 Check List of Birds of the World Vol 4 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press p 218 Pacheco J F Whitney B M 1998 Correction of the specific name of Long trained nightjar Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club 118 259 262 260 a b c d e f g h Witynski M 2020 Schulenberg T S ed Scissor tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis torquata version 1 0 Birds of the World Ithaca NY USA Cornell Lab of Ornithology Retrieved 7 July 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Scissor tailed nightjar amp oldid 1188551303, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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