Science and technology in France has a long history dating back to the Académie des Sciences, founded by Louis XIV in 1666, at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. France's achievements in science and technology have been significant throughout the past centuries as France's economic growth and industrialisation process was slow and steady along the 18th and 19th centuries. Research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy.
Scientific research in the country is supported by industry, by the network of French universities and by higher education establishments outside the main framework, Grandes écoles.
The tradition of scientific research in France can be traced back to the Scientific Revolution. France is home to some of the world's oldest universities (Montpellier, Paris) although they were, at the time of their foundation, more centered on philosophy, theology and law than on science.
In 1965, France was the third nation, after the former USSR and the United States, to launch its own space satellite. The French no longer launch their own satellites, however, preferring instead to contribute to the European Space Agency.
^Grinstead, Charles Miller; James Laurie Snell. "Introduction". Introduction to Probability. pp. vii.
^Blair, W. Granger (13 February 1960). "France Explodes Her First A-Bomb in a Sahara Test". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
March 13, 2024
science, technology, france, long, history, dating, back, académie, sciences, founded, louis, 1666, suggestion, jean, baptiste, colbert, encourage, protect, spirit, french, scientific, research, france, achievements, science, technology, have, been, significan. Science and technology in France has a long history dating back to the Academie des Sciences founded by Louis XIV in 1666 at the suggestion of Jean Baptiste Colbert to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research France s achievements in science and technology have been significant throughout the past centuries as France s economic growth and industrialisation process was slow and steady along the 18th and 19th centuries Research and development efforts form an integral part of the country s economy Scientific research in the country is supported by industry by the network of French universities and by higher education establishments outside the main framework Grandes ecoles France ranked 11th in the 2023 Global Innovation Index compared to 16th in 2019 1 2 3 Contents 1 Historical overview 2 Institutions 2 1 French ecoles normales superieures 3 Scientific fields 3 1 Physics 3 2 Chemistry 3 3 Mathematics 3 4 Nuclear power 3 5 Space science 4 See also 5 Further reading 6 ReferencesHistorical overview editThe tradition of scientific research in France can be traced back to the Scientific Revolution France is home to some of the world s oldest universities Montpellier Paris although they were at the time of their foundation more centered on philosophy theology and law than on science Institutions editSee also List of universities in France French ecoles normales superieures edit Ecole Normale Superieure Ecole normale superieure Paris Saclay Ecole Normale Superieure de LyonScientific fields edit nbsp The research centre of Thales Group in the business cluster of Paris Saclay France Physics edit Radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896 The theoretical foundations and mathematical framework of special relativity were laid by Henri Poincare before Albert Einstein used them in 1905 and later Chemistry edit The conservation of mass law was discovered by Antoine Lavoisier 4 in 18th century France Mathematics edit The Cartesian Coordinate System was discovered by Rene Descartes in 1637 and independently by Pierre de Fermat at the same period The first calculator by Blaise Pascal Pascaline was made in 1642 5 see also Adding machine Probability theory was developed by Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal in the seventeenth century with Gerolamo Cardano and Christiaan Huygens 6 France is home to 11 Fields Medalists second only to the United States in number of Fields Medalists The fictitious mathematician Nicolas Bourbaki s association of collaborators is based at Ecole Normale Superieure in France Nuclear power edit See also Nuclear power in France and France and nuclear weapons France carried out its first test of an atomic bomb in Algeria in 1960 7 and some operational French nuclear weapons became available in 1964 Then France executed its first test of the much more powerful hydrogen bomb over its South Pacific Ocean test range in 1968 this first hydrogen bomb was dropped from a strategic bomber France was the fourth de facto nuclear power after United States Soviet Union and United Kingdom Space science edit See also French space program In 1965 France was the third nation after the former USSR and the United States to launch its own space satellite The French no longer launch their own satellites however preferring instead to contribute to the European Space Agency See also edit nbsp France portal nbsp Science portal nbsp Technology portalList of French scientists Open access in FranceFurther reading editRobert Gilpin 1968 France in the Age of the Scientific State Princeton University Press References edit WIPO Global Innovation Index 2023 15th Edition www wipo int doi 10 34667 tind 46596 Retrieved 2023 10 17 Global Innovation Index 2019 wipo int Retrieved 2 September 2021 RTD Item ec europa eu Retrieved 2 September 2021 Schwinger Julian 1986 Einstein s Legacy New York Scientific American Library pp 93 ISBN 0 7167 5011 2 Jean Marguin 1994 p 48 Grinstead Charles Miller James Laurie Snell Introduction Introduction to Probability pp vii Blair W Granger 13 February 1960 France Explodes Her First A Bomb in a Sahara Test New York Times p 1 Retrieved 5 November 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Science and technology in France amp oldid 1187398162, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
