Sciaroidea is a superfamily in the infraorder Bibionomorpha. There are about 16 families and more than 15,000 described species in Sciaroidea. Most of its constituent families are various gnats.
As nematoceran flies, sciaroid adults generally have long segmented antennae, while their larvae have a well-developed head and mouthparts.[1]
Aside from this, sciaroids vary in appearance. For example, Sciaridae adults have each eye extended dorsally to form an "eye bridge", a feature not found in related families.[2] Cecidomyiidae adults have a distinctive reduced wing venation, while their larvae are atypical for nematoceran larvae in having a very small head capsule.[3]
Ecologyedit
Most fungus gnats (Sciaroidea excluding Cecidomyiidae) live in forests with their larvae occurring in fungi, dead wood and soil. There are some which live in wetlands such as fens.[4] Several genera of Sciaridae and Mycetophilidae may reach high abundances in damp buildings with wet organic matter.[5]
Some species of Sciaridae and Cecidomyiidae are among the rare Diptera that spend their entire lives in soil. These are wingless as adults.[6]
Sciaroid larvae typically feed on fungi but there are some which form plant galls (many Cecidomyiidae) or prey on other invertebrates (Keroplatidae).[citation needed]
Phylogenyedit
A 2016 molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Sciaroidea is a monophyletic group and should include both Cecidomyiidae and Ditomyiidae.[7]
Familiesedit
These 15 families belong to the superfamily Sciaroidea:[8]
^Frouz, Jan (1999), "Use of soil dwelling Diptera (Insecta, Diptera) as bioindicators: a review of ecological requirements and response to disturbance", Invertebrate Biodiversity as Bioindicators of Sustainable Landscapes, Elsevier, pp. 167–186, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-50019-9.50013-3, ISBN978-0-444-50019-9, retrieved 2022-10-20
^Greenwalt, D.; Kjærandsen, J. (2019). "Fungus Gnats Online". Retrieved 2019-06-06.
^Jaschhof, M.; Didham, R. K. (2002). "Rangomaramidae fam. nov. from New Zealand and implications for the phylogeny of the Sciaroidea (Diptera: Bibionomorpha)". Studia Dipterologica Supplement. 11: 1–60.
External linksedit
Data related to Sciaroidea at Wikispecies
Media related to Sciaroidea at Wikimedia Commons
February 15, 2024
sciaroidea, superfamily, infraorder, bibionomorpha, there, about, families, more, than, described, species, most, constituent, families, various, gnats, hessian, mayetiola, destructor, cecidomyiidae, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animalia. Sciaroidea is a superfamily in the infraorder Bibionomorpha There are about 16 families and more than 15 000 described species in Sciaroidea Most of its constituent families are various gnats SciaroideaThe Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor Cecidomyiidae Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder DipteraInfraorder BibionomorphaSuperfamily Sciaroidea Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Phylogeny 4 Families 5 References 6 External linksDescription editAs nematoceran flies sciaroid adults generally have long segmented antennae while their larvae have a well developed head and mouthparts 1 Aside from this sciaroids vary in appearance For example Sciaridae adults have each eye extended dorsally to form an eye bridge a feature not found in related families 2 Cecidomyiidae adults have a distinctive reduced wing venation while their larvae are atypical for nematoceran larvae in having a very small head capsule 3 Ecology editMost fungus gnats Sciaroidea excluding Cecidomyiidae live in forests with their larvae occurring in fungi dead wood and soil There are some which live in wetlands such as fens 4 Several genera of Sciaridae and Mycetophilidae may reach high abundances in damp buildings with wet organic matter 5 Some species of Sciaridae and Cecidomyiidae are among the rare Diptera that spend their entire lives in soil These are wingless as adults 6 Sciaroid larvae typically feed on fungi but there are some which form plant galls many Cecidomyiidae or prey on other invertebrates Keroplatidae citation needed Phylogeny editA 2016 molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Sciaroidea is a monophyletic group and should include both Cecidomyiidae and Ditomyiidae 7 Families editThese 15 families belong to the superfamily Sciaroidea 8 Bolitophilidae Meigen 1818 Cecidomyiidae Newman 1835 gall midges and wood midges sometimes excluded from Sciaroidea Diadocidiidae Winnertz 1863 Ditomyiidae Kylin 1919 Keroplatidae Rondani incl Lygistorrhinidae Edwards 1925 long beaked amp predatory fungus gnats Mycetophilidae Newman 1834 Rangomaramidae Jaschhof and Didham 2002 long winged fungus gnats 9 Sciaridae Billberg 1820 dark winged fungus gnats Antefungivoridae Rohdendorf 1938 Archizelmiridae Rohdendorf 1962 Eoditomyiidae Mesosciophilidae Paraxymyiidae Rohdendorf 1946 Pleciofungivoridae Rohdendorf 1946 ProtopleciidaeReferences edit Suborder Nematocera Flies Order Diptera Amateur Entomologists Society AES www amentsoc org Retrieved 2022 10 20 Diptera What Bug Is That anic csiro au Retrieved 2022 10 20 Diptera What Bug Is That anic csiro au Retrieved 2022 10 20 Salmela Jukka Kolcsar Levente Peter 2017 06 03 New and poorly known Palaearctic fungus gnats Diptera Sciaroidea Biodiversity Data Journal 5 5 e11760 doi 10 3897 BDJ 5 e11760 ISSN 1314 2828 PMC 5345105 PMID 28325987 Gibb Timothy 2015 Pest Insects Contemporary Insect Diagnostics Elsevier pp 153 245 doi 10 1016 b978 0 12 404623 8 00005 3 ISBN 978 0 12 404623 8 retrieved 2022 10 20 Frouz Jan 1999 Use of soil dwelling Diptera Insecta Diptera as bioindicators a review of ecological requirements and response to disturbance Invertebrate Biodiversity as Bioindicators of Sustainable Landscapes Elsevier pp 167 186 doi 10 1016 b978 0 444 50019 9 50013 3 ISBN 978 0 444 50019 9 retrieved 2022 10 20 Sevcik Jan Kasprak David Mantic Michal Fitzgerald Scott Sevcikova Tereza Tothova Andrea Jaschhof Mathias 2016 10 18 Molecular phylogeny of the megadiverse insect infraorder Bibionomorpha sensu lato Diptera PeerJ 4 e2563 doi 10 7717 peerj 2563 ISSN 2167 8359 PMC 5075709 PMID 27781163 Greenwalt D Kjaerandsen J 2019 Fungus Gnats Online Retrieved 2019 06 06 Jaschhof M Didham R K 2002 Rangomaramidae fam nov from New Zealand and implications for the phylogeny of the Sciaroidea Diptera Bibionomorpha Studia Dipterologica Supplement 11 1 60 External links edit nbsp Data related to Sciaroidea at Wikispecies nbsp Media related to Sciaroidea at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sciaroidea amp oldid 1170391311, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
