It forms an azure solution. Evaporation of these solutions leaves light blue residue of copper hydroxide, reflecting the lability of the copper-ammonia bonding. If conducted under a stream of ammonia, then deep blue needle-like crystals of the tetrammine form. In presence of oxygen, concentrated solutions give rise to nitrites Cu(NO2)2(NH3)n. The nitrite results from oxidation of the ammonia.[1][2]
Schweizer's reagent was once used in production of cellulose products such as rayon and cellophane (see cupro). Cellulose, which is quite insoluble in water (hence its utility as clothing), dissolves in the presence of Schweizer's reagent. Using the reagent, cellulose can be extracted from wood pulp, cotton fiber, and other natural cellulose sources. Cellulose precipitates when the solution is acidified. It functions by binding to vicinal diols.[3]
Presently, the reagent is used in the analysis of the molecular weight of cellulose samples.[4]
Historyedit
These properties of Schweizer's reagent were discovered by the Swiss chemist Matthias Eduard Schweizer (1818–1860),[5] after whom the reagent is named.
^Cudennec, Y.; et al. (1995). "Étude cinétique de l'oxydation de l'ammoniac en présence d'ions cuivriques" [Kinetic study of the oxidation of ammonia in the presence of cupric ions]. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIB. 320 (6): 309–316.
^Cudennec, Y.; et al. (1993). "Synthesis and study of Cu(NO2)2(NH3)4 and Cu(NO2)2(NH3)2". Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chem. 30 (1–2): 77–85.
^Burchard, Walther; Habermann, Norbert; Klüfers, Peter; Seger, Bernd; Wilhelm, Ulf (1994). "Cellulose in Schweizer's Reagent: A Stable, Polymeric Metal Complex with High Chain Stiffness". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 33 (8): 884–887. doi:10.1002/anie.199408841.
^(Schweizer, 1857), p. 110: "Dieselbe besitzt nämlich in ausgezeichnetem Grade das Vermögen, bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur Pflanzenfaser aufzulösen. Uebergiesst man gereinigte Baumwolle mit der blauen Flüssigkeit, so nimmt erstere bald eine gallertartige schlüpfrige Beschaffenheit an, die Fasern gehen auseinander und verschwinden und nach einigem Durcharbeiten mit einem Glasstabe hat sich das Ganze in eine schleimige Flüssigkeit verwandelt. Dabei findet nicht die geringste Wärmeentwicklung statt. Hat man nicht eine hinreichende Menge der Flüssigkeit angewendet, so bleibt ein Theil der Fasern noch sichtbar; setzt man dann aber einen Ueberschuss der Lösung hinzu und schüttelt um, so erhält man eine beinahe klare blaue Lösung, die sich, nachdem sie mit Wasser verdünnt worden ist, filtriren lässt." (It possesses, namely, to an outstanding degree the capacity to dissolve plant fibers at ordinary temperatures. If one pours the blue liquid over cleaned cotton, then the former soon assumes a gelatinous, slippery texture, the fibers separate and vanish, and after some kneading with a glass rod, the whole transformed into a slimy liquid. During this, not the least evolution of heat occurred. If one did not use a sufficient quantity of liquid, then a portion of the fibers still remained visible; however, if one then adds an excess of the solution and shakes it, then one obtains a nearly clear blue solution, which, after it has been diluted with water, can be filtered.)
Referencesedit
Eduard Schweizer (1857). "Das Kupferoxyd-Ammoniak, ein Auflösungsmittel für die Pflanzenfaser" [Copper ammonium oxide, a solvent for plant fibers]. Journal für praktische Chemie. 72 (1): 109–111. doi:10.1002/prac.18570720115.
George B Kauffman (1984). "Eduard Schweizer (1818-1860): The Unknown Chemist and His Well-Known Reagent". J. Chem. Educ. 61 (12): 1095–1097. Bibcode:1984JChEd..61.1095K. doi:10.1021/ed061p1095.
February 15, 2024
schweizer, reagent, metal, ammine, complex, with, formula, this, deep, blue, compound, used, purifying, cellulose, aqueous, solution, namesother, names, cuoxam, schweitzer, reagentidentifierscas, number, 17500, ychemspider, 13684416echa, infocard, 720ec, numbe. Schweizer s reagent is the metal ammine complex with the formula Cu NH3 4 H2O 2 OH 2 This deep blue compound is used in purifying cellulose Schweizer s reagent Aqueous solution of Schweizer s reagentNamesOther names Cuoxam Schweitzer s reagentIdentifiersCAS Number 17500 49 1 YChemSpider 13684416ECHA InfoCard 100 037 720EC Number 241 508 4PubChem CID 44152387UNII 2GNV835EOI YPropertiesChemical formula Cu NH3 4 H2O 2 OH 2Appearance blue solidMelting point decomposesExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Infobox references It is prepared by dissolving copper II hydroxide in a solution of ammonia It forms an azure solution Evaporation of these solutions leaves light blue residue of copper hydroxide reflecting the lability of the copper ammonia bonding If conducted under a stream of ammonia then deep blue needle like crystals of the tetrammine form In presence of oxygen concentrated solutions give rise to nitrites Cu NO2 2 NH3 n The nitrite results from oxidation of the ammonia 1 2 Contents 1 Reactions with cellulose 2 History 3 See also 4 Footnotes 5 ReferencesReactions with cellulose editSchweizer s reagent was once used in production of cellulose products such as rayon and cellophane see cupro Cellulose which is quite insoluble in water hence its utility as clothing dissolves in the presence of Schweizer s reagent Using the reagent cellulose can be extracted from wood pulp cotton fiber and other natural cellulose sources Cellulose precipitates when the solution is acidified It functions by binding to vicinal diols 3 Presently the reagent is used in the analysis of the molecular weight of cellulose samples 4 History editThese properties of Schweizer s reagent were discovered by the Swiss chemist Matthias Eduard Schweizer 1818 1860 5 after whom the reagent is named See also editTetraamminecopper II sulfateFootnotes edit Cudennec Y et al 1995 Etude cinetique de l oxydation de l ammoniac en presence d ions cuivriques Kinetic study of the oxidation of ammonia in the presence of cupric ions Comptes Rendus de l Academie des Sciences Serie IIB 320 6 309 316 Cudennec Y et al 1993 Synthesis and study of Cu NO2 2 NH3 4 and Cu NO2 2 NH3 2 Eur J Solid State Inorg Chem 30 1 2 77 85 Burchard Walther Habermann Norbert Klufers Peter Seger Bernd Wilhelm Ulf 1994 Cellulose in Schweizer s Reagent A Stable Polymeric Metal Complex with High Chain Stiffness Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 33 8 884 887 doi 10 1002 anie 199408841 Krassig Hans Schurz Josef Steadman Robert G Schliefer Karl Albrecht Wilhelm Mohring Marc Schlosser Harald 2004 Cellulose Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a05 375 pub2 ISBN 978 3527306732 Schweizer 1857 p 110 Dieselbe besitzt namlich in ausgezeichnetem Grade das Vermogen bei gewohnlicher Temperatur Pflanzenfaser aufzulosen Uebergiesst man gereinigteBaumwollemit der blauen Flussigkeit so nimmt erstere bald eine gallertartige schlupfrige Beschaffenheit an die Fasern gehen auseinander und verschwinden und nach einigem Durcharbeiten mit einem Glasstabe hat sich das Ganze in eine schleimige Flussigkeit verwandelt Dabei findet nicht die geringste Warmeentwicklung statt Hat man nicht eine hinreichende Menge der Flussigkeit angewendet so bleibt ein Theil der Fasern noch sichtbar setzt man dann aber einen Ueberschuss der Losung hinzu und schuttelt um so erhalt man eine beinaheklare blaue Losung die sich nachdem sie mit Wasser verdunnt worden ist filtriren lasst It possesses namely to an outstanding degree the capacity to dissolve plant fibers at ordinary temperatures If one pours the blue liquid over cleaned cotton then the former soon assumes a gelatinous slippery texture the fibers separate and vanish and after some kneading with a glass rod the whole transformed into a slimy liquid During this not the least evolution of heat occurred If one did not use a sufficient quantity of liquid then a portion of the fibers still remained visible however if one then adds an excess of the solution and shakes it then one obtains a nearly clear blue solution which after it has been diluted with water can be filtered References editEduard Schweizer 1857 Das Kupferoxyd Ammoniak ein Auflosungsmittel fur die Pflanzenfaser Copper ammonium oxide a solvent for plant fibers Journal fur praktische Chemie 72 1 109 111 doi 10 1002 prac 18570720115 George B Kauffman 1984 Eduard Schweizer 1818 1860 The Unknown Chemist and His Well Known Reagent J Chem Educ 61 12 1095 1097 Bibcode 1984JChEd 61 1095K doi 10 1021 ed061p1095 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Schweizer 27s reagent amp oldid 1156922435, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
