Santiago Iglesias
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Santiago Iglesias Pantín (February 22, 1872 – December 5, 1939), was a Spanish-born Puerto Rican socialist and trade union activist. Iglesias is best remembered as a leading supporter of statehood for Puerto Rico,[1][2] and as the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico in the U.S. Congress from 1933 to 1939.[3]
Santiago Iglesias | |
|---|---|
| Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico | |
| In office March 4, 1933 – December 5, 1939 | |
| Preceded by | José Lorenzo Pesquera |
| Succeeded by | Bolívar Pagán |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Santiago Iglesias Pantín February 22, 1872 A Coruña, Spain |
| Died | December 5, 1939 (aged 67) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Socialist |
Biography edit
Early years edit
Santiago Iglesias was born in A Coruña, Galicia, Spain, where he attended the common schools, and was apprenticed as a cabinet maker. At a young age, he stowed away on a ship that landed in Cuba. There, he organized workers and, beginning in 1889, was secretary of the Workingmen Trades Circle in Havana.
Iglesias subsequently moved to Puerto Rico, and was the founder and editor of three labor papers:
- Porvenir Social (from 1898 to 1900)
- Union Obrera (from 1903 to 1906)
- Justicia (from 1914 to 1925)
He was a very active labor organizer in Puerto Rico and was often arrested and jailed for his activities. He was considered American Federation of Labor (AFL) president Samuel Gompers's ally on the island. In fact, Gompers appointed him general organizer of the American Federation of Labor for the districts of Puerto Rico and Cuba in 1901.
In 1915, he founded the Puerto Rico's Socialist Party, a pro-alliance, pro-labor party (not to be confused with the avowedly Marxist and pro-independence Puerto Rican Socialist Party founded in the 1970s). His Socialist Party, unlike its namesake, did elect its candidates to elective office during many elections.
He also served as secretary of the Pan-American Federation of Labor from 1925 to 1933. In 1936, he was wounded during an assassination attempt by Puerto Rican Nationalist Party partisans.
After losing a race in 1908 against Tulio Larrínaga for Puerto Rico's non-voting delegate seat in the United States Congress, Iglesias was elected as a Coalitionist Resident Commissioner on November 8, 1932, and was reelected in 1936 for the term ending January 3, 1941. He served in the 73rd, 74th, 75th, and 76th Congresses, from March 4, 1933, until his death.
Member of the Senate of Puerto Rico edit
Iglesias served as a member of the first Senate of Puerto Rico in 1917, and reelected several times, until his election to Congress in 1932.
He pushed for many social reforms, many of which did become law, either as part of the PDP's reform agenda in the 1940s or as part of the Constitution of Puerto Rico in 1952.
Resident Commissioner in the U.S. House of Representatives edit
Iglesias unsuccessfully pushed for legislation to enable Puerto Ricans to elect their own Governor, a concept that did not become law until 1947.
He was able to have Puerto Rico included in many New Deal assistance programs, including road construction, the Bankhead-Jones Act that enabled agricultural experimentation, the fight against malaria and the Jones Act exclusion regarding the taxation of shipping between Puerto Rico and other U.S. ports.
In Congress, he served on the Insular Affairs, Agriculture, and Labor committees.
Personal life edit
Married to Justa Pastora Bocanegra in 1902,[4] he had eight daughters, named America, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Peace, Light, Fraternity and Victoria,[5][6] and three sons, including the late U.S. Navy career military officer and fighter airplane pilot Captain Edward Iglesias, elected in 2004 into The Early and Pioneer Naval Aviators, better known as the Golden Eagles limited to the top 200 living members at a time, and the late Manuel Francisco Iglesias, distinguished Air Force Captain and Lead Crew Radar Office of the B-29s during World War 2 both awarded Distinguished Flying Cross medals.
Death and legacy edit
Iglesias died in office in Washington, D.C., on December 5, 1939, and his body was returned home to Puerto Rico, where it lay in state at the Capitol. Some 200,000 people were said to have filed past the casket and 50,000 are said to have gridlocked the streets of Old San Juan during his funeral.[4]
Iglesias's body was interred in a tomb at Santa Maria Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Early in 1943, a Liberty Ship was named for him.
See also edit
References edit
- United States Congress. "Santiago Iglesias (id: I000002)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ "Santiago Iglesias Pantín". Biografias y Vidas (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ "Santiago Iglesias Patin". DRLeyes (in Spanish). Drleyes.com. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ Freund, Jeffrey (September 15, 2021). "5 Hispanic Leaders Who Changed Labor History". U.S. Department of Labor Blog. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ a b . Cronicas de la Emigracion (in Spanish). 26 April 2010. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ "America Thatcher; Crypto-Analyst, Linguist". Los Angeles Times. April 23, 1989. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ Erman, Sam (2018). Almost Citizens: Puerto Rico, the U.S. Constitution, and Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 262. ISBN 9781108244732. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
Further reading edit
- Gonzalo F. Córdova, Santiago Iglesias Pantín, Creator of the Labor Movement in Puerto Rico. Rio Piedras, PR: Editorial Universitaria, 1980.
- Manuel Mourelle de Lema. Santiago Iglesias Pantín: Un político circunstancial gallego en Puerto Rico. May, 2010.
- Clarence Senior, Santiago Iglesias: Labor Crusader. Hato Rey, PR: Inter American University Press, 1972.
- Whittaker, William George (April 1968). "The Santiago Iglesias Case, 1901-1902: Origins of American Trade Union Involvement in Puerto Rico". The Americas. 24 (4). Cambridge University Press: 378–393. doi:10.2307/980224. JSTOR 980224.
- Shaffer, Kirwin R. (2013). "Radicalism Imagined: Leftist Culture, Gender, and Revolutionary Violence, 1900–1920". Black Flag Boricuas: Anarchism, Antiauthoritarianism, and the Left in Puerto Rico, 1897-1921. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252037641. JSTOR 10.5406/j.ctt2ttb5j.
External links edit
- "Memorial Services held in the House of Representatives of the United States, together with remarks presented in eulogy of Santiago Iglesias late a resident commissioner from Puerto Rico frontispiece 1941"