Sankey diagrams are a type of flow diagram in which the width of the arrows is proportional to the flow rate of the depicted extensive property.
Example of a Sankey diagram
Sankey's original 1898 diagram showing energy efficiency of a steam engine
Sankey diagrams can also visualize the energy accounts, material flow accounts on a regional or national level, and cost breakdowns.[1] The diagrams are often used in the visualization of material flow analysis.
Sankey diagrams emphasize the major transfers or flows within a system. They help locate the most important contributions to a flow. They often show conserved quantities within defined system boundaries.
Sankey diagrams are named after Irish Captain Matthew Henry Phineas Riall Sankey, who used this type of diagram in 1898 in a classic figure[2] (see diagram) showing the energy efficiency of a steam engine. The original charts in black and white displayed just one type of flow (e.g. steam); using colors for different types of flows lets the diagram express additional variables.
Over time, it became a standard model used in science and engineering to represent heat balance, energy flows, material flows, and since the 1990s this visual model has been used in life-cycle assessment of products.[3]
One of the most famous Sankey diagrams is Charles Minard's Map of Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812. It is a flow map, overlaying a Sankey diagram onto a geographical map. It was created in 1869, predating Sankey's first Sankey diagram of 1898.
Science
Earth's energy budget – line thickness is linearly proportional to relative amount of energy
Sankey diagrams are often used in fields of science, especially physics. They are used to represent energy inputs, useful output, and wasted output.
Active examples
The United States Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces numerous Sankey diagrams annually in its Annual Energy Review[4] which illustrate the production and consumption of various forms of energy.
The US Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore Laboratory maintains a site of Sankey diagrams, including US energy flow and carbon flow.[5]
Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union, has developed an interactive Sankey web tool to visualise energy data by means of flow diagrams.[6] The tool allows the building and customisation of diagrams by playing with different options (country, year, fuel, level of detail).
The International Energy Agency (IEA) created an interactive Sankey web application that details the flow of energy for the entire planet.[7] Users can select specific countries, points of time back to 1973, and modify the arrangement of various flows within the Sankey diagram.
Ben Schmidt, an assistant professor of history at Northeastern University, created a Sankey diagram relating majors in college to eventual careers.[8]
^Schmidt, Mario (2008). "The Sankey Diagram in Energy and Material Flow Management - Part II: Methodology and Current Applications". Journal of Industrial Ecology. 12 (2): 173–185. doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00015.x. ISSN 1530-9290.
^Kennedy, Alex B. W.; Sankey, H. Riall (1898). "The Thermal Efficiency Of Steam Engines". Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. 134 (1898): 278–312. doi:10.1680/imotp.1898.19100.
^Schmidt, Mario (2008). "The Sankey Diagram in Energy and Material Flow Management - Part I: History". Journal of Industrial Ecology. 12 (1): 82–94. doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00004.x. S2CID 154150190.
^"Annual Energy Review". Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
^"LLNL Flow Charts". Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
^"Energy balance flow for European Union (28 countries) 2015". Eurostat. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
^"World Balance (2015)". International Energy Agency (IEA). Retrieved 15 December 2017.
^Schmidt, Ben. "What are you going to do with that degree?". Ben Schmidt. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sankey diagrams.
RAWGraphs online open-source platform allowing the creation of Sankey diagrams
Scottish Executive – Energy in Scotland: Supply and Demand
Irish Environmental Protection Agency – Material Flow Accounts (MFAs) – Demonstration for Ireland – 2001
sankey-diagrams.com – Blog discussing the usage of Sankey diagrams
IEA Energy Balance Flows – Containing International Energy Agency's data on over 150 countries and regions
Eurostat energy flow diagrams – Interactive visualisation tool for the annual energy balance data of 42 countries reporting to Eurostat
Grassmann diagrams (exergy flow, destruction, and loss)
February 04, 2023
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Sankey diagrams are a type of flow diagram in which the width of the arrows is proportional to the flow rate of the depicted extensive property Example of a Sankey diagram Sankey s original 1898 diagram showing energy efficiency of a steam engine Sankey diagrams can also visualize the energy accounts material flow accounts on a regional or national level and cost breakdowns 1 The diagrams are often used in the visualization of material flow analysis Sankey diagrams emphasize the major transfers or flows within a system They help locate the most important contributions to a flow They often show conserved quantities within defined system boundaries Contents 1 History 2 Science 3 Active examples 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory EditSankey diagrams are named after Irish Captain Matthew Henry Phineas Riall Sankey who used this type of diagram in 1898 in a classic figure 2 see diagram showing the energy efficiency of a steam engine The original charts in black and white displayed just one type of flow e g steam using colors for different types of flows lets the diagram express additional variables Over time it became a standard model used in science and engineering to represent heat balance energy flows material flows and since the 1990s this visual model has been used in life cycle assessment of products 3 Minard s classic diagram of Napoleon s invasion of Russia using the feature now named after Sankey One of the most famous Sankey diagrams is Charles Minard s Map of Napoleon s Russian Campaign of 1812 It is a flow map overlaying a Sankey diagram onto a geographical map It was created in 1869 predating Sankey s first Sankey diagram of 1898 Science Edit Earth s energy budget line thickness is linearly proportional to relative amount of energy Sankey diagrams are often used in fields of science especially physics They are used to represent energy inputs useful output and wasted output Active examples EditThe United States Energy Information Administration EIA produces numerous Sankey diagrams annually in its Annual Energy Review 4 which illustrate the production and consumption of various forms of energy The US Department of Energy s Lawrence Livermore Laboratory maintains a site of Sankey diagrams including US energy flow and carbon flow 5 Eurostat the Statistical Office of the European Union has developed an interactive Sankey web tool to visualise energy data by means of flow diagrams 6 The tool allows the building and customisation of diagrams by playing with different options country year fuel level of detail The International Energy Agency IEA created an interactive Sankey web application that details the flow of energy for the entire planet 7 Users can select specific countries points of time back to 1973 and modify the arrangement of various flows within the Sankey diagram Ben Schmidt an assistant professor of history at Northeastern University created a Sankey diagram relating majors in college to eventual careers 8 An illustration on how single transferable vote worksSee also EditAlluvial diagram a type of Sankey diagram that uses the same kind of representation to depict how items re group Material flow management Thermodynamics Time geographyReferences Edit Schmidt Mario 2008 The Sankey Diagram in Energy and Material Flow Management Part II Methodology and Current Applications Journal of Industrial Ecology 12 2 173 185 doi 10 1111 j 1530 9290 2008 00015 x ISSN 1530 9290 Kennedy Alex B W Sankey H Riall 1898 The Thermal Efficiency Of Steam Engines Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 134 1898 278 312 doi 10 1680 imotp 1898 19100 Schmidt Mario 2008 The Sankey Diagram in Energy and Material Flow Management Part I History Journal of Industrial Ecology 12 1 82 94 doi 10 1111 j 1530 9290 2008 00004 x S2CID 154150190 Annual Energy Review Energy Information Administration Retrieved 15 December 2017 LLNL Flow Charts Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Retrieved 15 December 2017 Energy balance flow for European Union 28 countries 2015 Eurostat Retrieved 15 December 2017 World Balance 2015 International Energy Agency IEA Retrieved 15 December 2017 Schmidt Ben What are you going to do with that degree Ben Schmidt Retrieved 15 December 2017 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sankey diagrams RAWGraphs online open source platform allowing the creation of Sankey diagrams Scottish Executive Energy in Scotland Supply and Demand Irish Environmental Protection Agency Material Flow Accounts MFAs Demonstration for Ireland 2001 sankey diagrams com Blog discussing the usage of Sankey diagrams IEA Energy Balance Flows Containing International Energy Agency s data on over 150 countries and regions Eurostat energy flow diagrams Interactive visualisation tool for the annual energy balance data of 42 countries reporting to Eurostat Grassmann diagrams exergy flow destruction and loss Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sankey diagram amp oldid 1131984545, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
