Salem Red Sox

"Salem Rebels" redirects here. For the ice hockey team from 1967 to 1970, see Roanoke Valley Rebels

The Salem Red Sox are a Minor League Baseball affiliate of the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB), based in Salem, an independent city adjacent to Roanoke, Virginia.^[a] The team competes at the Single-A level in the Carolina League. Home games are played at Carilion Clinic Field at Salem Memorial Ballpark, a 6,300-seat facility opened in 1995.

Salem Red Sox
Founded in 1955 Salem, Virginia
Team logo Cap insignia
Minor league affiliations
Class	Single-A (2022–present)
Previous classes	Low-A (2021) Class A-Advanced (1990–2020) Class A (1968–1989) Rookie (1963–1967) Class D (1955, 1957–1962)
League	Carolina League (2022–present)
Division	North Division
Previous leagues	Low-A East (2021) Carolina League (1968–2020) Appalachian League (1955, 1957–1967)
Major league affiliations
Team	Boston Red Sox (2009–present)
Previous teams	Houston Astros (2003–2008) Colorado Rockies (1995–2002) Pittsburgh Pirates (1987–1994) Texas Rangers (1984–1986) San Diego Padres (1981–1983) Pittsburgh Pirates (1964–1980) San Francisco Giants (1960–1963) Pittsburgh Pirates (1955, 1957–1959)
Minor league titles
League titles (7)	1955 1965 1972 1974 1987 2001 2013
Division titles (13)	1968 1969 1972 1974 1981 1987 1988 2006 2009 2013 2016 2019 2021
Team data
Name	Salem Red Sox (2009–present)
Previous names	Salem Avalanche (1995–2008) Salem Buccaneers (1987–1994) Salem Redbirds (1981–1986) Salem Pirates (1972–1980) Salem Rebels (1955, 1957–1971)
Mascots	Muggsy and Misty
Ballpark	Salem Memorial Ballpark (1995–present)
Previous parks	Kiwanis Field (1955, 1957–1994)
Owner(s)/ Operator(s)	Diamond Baseball Holdings^[1]
General manager	Allen Lawrence
Manager	Liam Carroll^[2]

Exterior of Salem Memorial Ballpark in 2017

The team first played in 1955, and then from 1957 to 1967, in the Appalachian League, initially at the now-defunct Class D level and then at the Rookie level starting in 1963. From 1968 through 2020, the team competed in the Carolina League, initially Class A and then Class A-Advanced starting in 1990.

Prior to adopting the Red Sox name in 2009, the team was known as the Salem Avalanche from 1995 through 2008, when it was affiliated with the Colorado Rockies (1995–2002) and Houston Astros (2003–2008). Prior to 1995, the franchise played under several other names and affiliations.

History

The franchise debuted in 1955 and was initially known as the Salem Rebels, an affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates.

The franchise was owned from 1986 until 2006 by Kelvin Bowles, a cable television executive and scout in Major League Baseball. Bowles, who scouted for the Boston Red Sox from 2002 to 2005, bought the team when it was in danger of moving from Salem. In 2006, the team was sold to a pair of businessmen from Atlanta who also owned the Fort Wayne Wizards. In December 2007, this group sold the team to Fenway Sports Group, a subsidiary of the Boston Red Sox ownership group, preparing the team for an affiliation change after its Player Development Contract with the Houston Astros ended in 2008. As such, the Salem Red Sox are owned by the same parent company that manages Liverpool F.C. and the Boston Red Sox.

In 2006, Salem Memorial Ballpark hosted the All Star Game between the Carolina League and California League.

Since switching affiliation to Boston in 2009, the team has claimed four division titles (2009, 2013, 2016, 2019), has made five playoff appearances (each division title season, plus 2014 as a wild card), and has won one league championship (2013). League and divisional titles are commemorated on the press box and sky boxes overlooking the Carilion Clinic Field Grandstand.

In conjunction with Major League Baseball's restructuring of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the team moved from being the Red Sox' Class A-Advanced affiliate to being their Low-A affiliate, and became a member of the Low-A East league; in a corresponding move, the Greenville Drive moved from Class A to High-A.^[4][5] At the time of the restructuring, the website Ballpark Digest speculated that the Red Sox could look to move the Salem franchise to Lowell, Massachusetts in time for the 2022 season.^[6] In May 2021, Rick White, president of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, announced that Salem, along with Staten Island, New York, was "on board for 2022" as an expansion franchise location, further fueling speculation that Salem would lose their affiliation status to Lowell.^[7][8] In 2022, the Low-A East became known as the Carolina League, the name historically used by the regional circuit prior to the 2021 reorganization.^[9]

On the 17th of March 2023, it was announced that their owners, FSG, sold them to Diamond Baseball Holdings who also own the Red Sox Double-A affiliate, the Portland Sea Dogs.^[1]

Location and rivalry games

While the team is located in a relatively small city (population circa 25,000) when compared to other teams of its classification, the Red Sox are strongly identified with the Roanoke Valley as a whole, drawing fans from neighboring cities and counties within the roughly 300,000-person metropolitan area. The connection with neighboring Roanoke was emphasized during the 2017 Carolina League All-Star Classic, hosted by Salem, that was represented by a logo featuring the iconic Mill Mountain Star. Salem is also located in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are featured prominently on the team's logo and are clearly visible over Carilion Clinic Field's outfield walls. This mountain view includes the aforementioned star, visible on clear nights over the left field wall.

Carilion Clinic Field at Salem Memorial Ballpark is located roughly 2 miles (3.2 km) from downtown Salem and is part of the James E. Taliaferro Sports and Entertainment Complex, which also includes the Salem Civic Center and Salem Football Stadium (former location of the annual Stagg Bowl). The Red Sox share their stadium with the NCAA Division III Roanoke Maroons and have previously hosted the "Hokie-Smokey Classic" baseball series between the Tennessee Volunteers and the nearby Virginia Tech Hokies.

Given the teams' close proximity, their long-time histories in the league, and both competing in the Carolina League's North Division, Salem's chief rival is the Lynchburg Hillcats. The regular matchups of these teams, known as the "460 Series", named for U.S. Route 460 which connects the cities, has occasionally feature day/night doubleheaders during which two games will be split between the two cities over the course of the same day.

Season-by-season records

Salem has competed in two different leagues and at four different classification levels: Appalachian League (1955, 1957–1967) Class D (1955, 1957–1962) Rookie (1963–1967) Carolina League (1968–2020) Class A (1968–1989) Class A-Advanced (1990–2020) Class A (2021–present)

Key Division title League champions

Note that while records in the below table are for entire seasons, the Carolina League has played a split-season schedule since 1970, except for 2020, when minor-league seasons were canceled, and 2021, when it operated as Low-A East. In years when a split-season was played, a team may have earned a division title by finishing first in either half of the season, despite not having the best overall record for the entire season. Alternately, a team may have had the best overall record for the entire season, but did not finish first in either half of the season, thus did not earn a division title.

Season	Nickname	Affiliation	Record (win %)	Finish	Manager	Playoffs (games)	Attendance	Ref.
1955	Rebels	Pittsburgh	84–38 (.689)	1st of 8	Jack Crosswhite	defeated Kingsport Cherokees (2–0) no contest vs. Johnson City Cardinals^[b]	31,213	^[12]
1956	no team		—	—	—	—
1957	Rebels	Pittsburgh	38–30 (.559)	3rd of 6	Lamar Dorton	none held	18,007	^[13]
1958	Rebels	Pittsburgh	42–29 (.592)	3rd of 6	Lamar Dorton	none held	21,351	^[14]
1959	Rebels	Pittsburgh	38–29 (.567)	2nd of 6	Lamar Dorton	none held	36,128	^[15]
1960	Rebels	San Francisco	28–39 (.418)	6th of 6	Jodie Phipps	none held	38,929	^[16]
1961	Rebels	San Francisco	31–35 (.470)	7th of 8	Jodie Phipps	none held	34,125	^[17]
1962	Rebels	San Francisco	31–39 (.443)	5th of 6	Alex Cosmidis	none held	40,913	^[18]
1963	Rebels	San Francisco	36–34 (.514)	2nd of 6	Alex Cosmidis	none held	34,061	^[19]
1964	Rebels	Pittsburgh	30–41 (.423)	3rd of 4	George Detore	none held	36,184	^[20]^[11]^: 527
1965	Rebels	Pittsburgh	43–27 (.614)	1st of 6	George Detore	(champions, no playoff)	44,254	^[21]^[22]
1966	Rebels	Pittsburgh	25–43 (.368)	5th of 5	George Detore	none held	34,884	^[23]^[11]^: 535
1967	Rebels	Pittsburgh	28–38 (.424)	5th of 6	Bob Pritchard	none held	34,822	^[24]^[11]^: 539
1968	Rebels	Pittsburgh	85–55 (.607)	1st of 6 (West)	Don Hoak	lost to Lynchburg White Sox (0–1)	64,532	^[25]
1969	Rebels	Pittsburgh	78–66 (.542)	1st of 5 (West)	Chuck Hiller	defeated High Point-Thomasville Royals (2–0) lost to Burlington Senators (0–2)	63,248	^[26]
1970	Rebels	Pittsburgh	60–80 (.429)	7th of 8	Billy Klaus	did not qualify	50,076	^[27]
1971	Rebels	Pittsburgh	65–71 (.478)	6th of 8	Tim Murtaugh	did not qualify	37,872	^[28]
1972	Pirates	Pittsburgh	79–58 (.577)	1st of 6^[c]	Tim Murtaugh	defeated Burlington Rangers (2–1)	43,910	^[29]
1973	Pirates	Pittsburgh	66–72 (.478)	5th of 6	Steve Demeter	did not qualify	45,915	^[30]
1974	Pirates	Pittsburgh	87–50 (.635)	1st of 6^[d]	Johnny Lipon	(champions, no playoff)	41,379	^[31]
1975	Pirates	Pittsburgh	74–66 (.529)	3rd of 4	Johnny Lipon	did not qualify	39,007	^[32]
1976	Pirates	Pittsburgh	68–69 (.496)	3rd of 4	Steve Demeter	did not qualify	30,387	^[33]
1977	Pirates	Pittsburgh	66–72 (.478)	3rd of 4	Steve Demeter	did not qualify	32,744	^[34]
1978	Pirates	Pittsburgh	72–63 (.533)	3rd of 6	Jim Mahoney	did not qualify	51,096	^[35]
1979	Pirates	Pittsburgh	54–82 (.397)	6th of 6	Jim Mahoney	did not qualify	43,036	^[36]
1980	Pirates	Pittsburgh	79–60 (.568)	2nd of 4 (Virginia)	Johnny Lipon	did not qualify	102,456	^[37]
1981	Redbirds	San Diego	66–74 (.471)	3rd of 4 (North)^[e]	Glenn Ezell	lost to Hagerstown Suns (0–1)	72,125	^[38]
1982	Redbirds	San Diego	39–101 (.279)	4th of 4 (North)	Jim Zerilla	did not qualify	47,202	^[39]
1983	Redbirds	San Diego	50–89 (.360)	4th of 4 (North)	Steve Smith	did not qualify	56,451	^[40]
1984	Redbirds	Texas	64–74 (.464)	3rd of 4 (North)	Bill Stearns	did not qualify	61,623	^[41]
1985	Redbirds	Texas	72–65 (.526)	2nd of 4 (North)	Bill Stearns	did not qualify	71,788	^[42]
1986	Redbirds	Texas	45–93 (.326)	4th of 4 (North)	Mike Bucci	did not qualify	87,047	^[43]
1987	Buccaneers	Pittsburgh	80–59 (.576)	1st of 4 (North)^[f]	Steve Demeter	defeated Hagerstown Suns (2–0) defeated Kinston Indians (3–1)	111,661	^[44]
1988	Buccaneers	Pittsburgh	73–66 (.525)	2nd of 4 (North)^[g]	Jay Ward	lost to Lynchburg Red Sox (1–2)	119,966	^[45]
1989	Buccaneers	Pittsburgh	63–75 (.457)	4th of 4 (North)	Rocky Bridges	did not qualify	121,581	^[46]
1990	Buccaneers	Pittsburgh	55–84 (.396)	4th of 4 (North)	Stan Cliburn	did not qualify	126,121	^[47]
1991	Buccaneers	Pittsburgh	63–77 (.450)	3rd of 4 (North)	Stan Cliburn	did not qualify	131,582	^[48]
1992	Buccaneers	Pittsburgh	64–76 (.457)	4th of 4 (North)	John Wockenfuss	did not qualify	159,316	^[49]
1993	Buccaneers	Pittsburgh	61–79 (.436)	4th of 4 (South)	Scott Little	did not qualify	145,657	^[50]
1994	Buccaneers	Pittsburgh	64–75 (.460)	3rd of 4 (South)	Trent Jewett	did not qualify	153,575	^[51]
1995	Avalanche	Colorado	68–72 (.486)	3rd of 4 (South)	Bill Hayes	did not qualify	140,111	^[52]
1996	Avalanche	Colorado	62–76 (.449)	4th of 4 (South)	Bill McGuire	did not qualify	173,703	^[53]
1997	Avalanche	Colorado	63–75 (.457)	2nd of 4 (South)	Bill McGuire	did not qualify	188,023	^[54]
1998	Avalanche	Colorado	62–78 (.443)	3rd of 4 (South)	Jay Loviglio	did not qualify	189,069	^[55]
1999	Avalanche	Colorado	69–69 (.500)	3rd of 4 (South)	Ron Gideon	did not qualify	206,012	^[56]
2000	Avalanche	Colorado	73–67 (.521)	2nd of 4 (South)	Alan Cockrell	did not qualify	200,863	^[57]
2001	Avalanche	Colorado	70–68 (.507)	3rd of 4 (South)^[h]	Dave Collins	defeated Kinston Indians (2–1) defeated Frederick Keys (3–2)	203,375	^[59]
2002	Avalanche	Colorado	74–66 (.529)	3rd of 4 (South)	Stu Cole	did not qualify	196,347	^[60]
2003	Avalanche	Houston	73–65 (.529)	1st of 4 (South)^[i]	John Massarelli	did not qualify	175,155	^[61]
2004	Avalanche	Houston	65–74 (.468)	4th of 4 (South)	Russ Nixon	did not qualify	224,991	^[62]
2005	Avalanche	Houston	67–74 (.475)	3rd of 4 (South)	Iván DeJesús	did not qualify	255,225	^[63]
2006	Avalanche	Houston	76–61 (.555)	2nd of 4 (South)^[j]	Jim Pankovits	lost to Kinston Indians (0–2)	237,724	^[64]
2007	Avalanche	Houston	79–60 (.568)	2nd of 4 (South)^[k]	Jim Pankovits	defeated Kinston Indians (2–1) lost to Frederick Keys (1–3)	258,469	^[66]
2008	Avalanche	Houston	56–84 (.400)	4th of 4 (South)	Jim Pankovits	did not qualify	235,823	^[67]
2009	Red Sox	Boston	67–72 (.482)	2nd of 4 (South)^[l]	Chad Epperson	defeated Winston-Salem Dash (3–0) lost to Lynchburg Hillcats (0–3)	231,186	^[69]
2010	Red Sox	Boston	73–65 (.529)	2nd of 4 (South)	Kevin Boles	did not qualify	211,527	^[70]
2011	Red Sox	Boston	64–75 (.460)	4th of 4 (South)	Bruce Crabbe	did not qualify	226,337	^[71]
2012	Red Sox	Boston	68–69 (.496)	3rd of 4 (South)	Billy McMillon	did not qualify	178,730	^[72]
2013	Red Sox	Boston	76–64 (.543)	2nd of 4 (South)^[m]	Billy McMillon	defeated Myrtle Beach Pelicans (2–0) defeated Potomac Nationals (3–0)	172,293	^[74]
2014	Red Sox	Boston	68–68 (.500)	2nd of 4 (South)^[n]	Carlos Febles	lost to Myrtle Beach Pelicans (1–2)	220,782	^[76]
2015	Red Sox	Boston	66–73 (.475)	4th of 4 (South)	Carlos Febles	did not qualify	228,120	^[77]
2016	Red Sox	Boston	87–52 (.626)	1st of 4 (South)^[o]	Joe Oliver	lost to Myrtle Beach Pelicans (1–2)	200,478	^[80]
2017	Red Sox	Boston	87–52 (.626)	2nd of 5 (North)	Joe Oliver	did not qualify	215,244	^[81]
2018	Red Sox	Boston	63–75 (.457)	5th of 5 (North)	Joe Oliver	did not qualify	192,621	^[82]
2019	Red Sox	Boston	67–70 (.489)	3rd of 5 (North)^[p]	Corey Wimberly	lost to Wilmington Blue Rocks (2–3)	171,866	^[84]
2020	Red Sox	Boston	season canceled, COVID-19 pandemic		Corey Wimberly	—
2021	Red Sox	Boston	71–49 (.592)	1st of 4 (North)^[q]	Luke Montz	did not qualify		^[85]
2022	Red Sox	Boston	64–66 (.492)	4th of 6 (North)	Luke Montz	did not qualify		^[86]

Source:^[11]

Notable former players

 

Orlando Cepeda

At least two inductees to the National Baseball Hall of Fame played for Salem; Orlando Cepeda, who played 26 games for the Rebels in 1955,^[87] and Larry Walker, who played two rehabilitation games with the Avalanche in 1996.^[88]

Tim Murtaugh was a player, manager, and player-manager for Salem; he played 38 games for the 1965 Rebels, he managed the 1971 Rebels, and he appeared in 10 games while managing the 1972 Pirates.^[89]

Mario Mendoza played 136 games for Salem in 1972, registering a .221 batting average,^[90] slightly above the Mendoza Line that is named for him.

Daisuke Matsuzaka made a rehabilitation start for Salem in September 2009, in a Carolina League playoff game against the Winston-Salem Dash,^[91] and later made a regular-season rehabilitation start for Salem in 2012.^[92]

For notable players who made appearances with Salem, see:

• List of Salem Red Sox players (affiliated with Boston)
• List of Salem Avalanche players (affiliated with Houston and Colorado)
• List of Salem Buccaneers players (affiliated with Pittsburgh)
• List of Salem Redbirds players (affiliated with Texas and San Diego)
• List of Salem Pirates players (affiliated with Pittsburgh)
• List of Salem Rebels players (affiliated with Pittsburgh and San Francisco)

Club records

• Batting: .370 – Oswaldo Olivares, 1977
• Hits: 208 – Oswaldo Olivares, 1977
• Doubles: 43 – Garrett Atkins, 2001
• Triples: 17 – David Arrington, 1968
• Home Runs: 34 – Gerald Davis, 1981
• Total Bases: 280 – Oswaldo Olivares, 1977
• Runs Batted In: 103 – Gerald Davis, 1981
• Stolen Bases: 84 – Miguel Diloné, 1975
• Wins: 16 – Jim Minshall 1972
• Losses: 15 – Frank Brosious, 1983; James McKee, 1970
• Strikeouts: 186 – Ed Whitson, 1976; Doug Bair, 1972
• Walks: 127 – Benjamin Willbank, 1978
• Innings Pitched: 203 – Ed Whitson, 1976
• Earned Run Average: 2.11 – Josh Kalinowski, 1999
• Saves: 27 – Travis Thompson, 1999

Media information

Broadcaster History Season(s) Broadcaster 1987 Brian Barnhart 1988–1990 Dave Newman 1990–1992 Mike Minshall 1993–1994 Stu Paul 1995 Mark Neely 1996–1997 Mark Aucutt 1998–1999 Bob McElligott 2000–2003 Kevin Reiter 2004 Mick Gillispie 2005–2006 Adam Pohl 2007–2008 Jason Benetti 2009–2014 Evan Lepler 2015–2016 Kevin Burke 2017–2019 Ben Gellman 2019–2020 Melanie Newman 2020–2022 Kevin DiDomenico & Andy Loce 2023–Present Tyler Katz & Giovanni Heater

Media Relations Manager: Steven Langdon Announcers: Tyler Katz & Giovanni Heater Number of games broadcast: All Newspapers covering the Red Sox: The Roanoke Times Salem Times-Register

Team mascots

 

Mugsy

Lefty and Righty, the team's newest mascots; two person-sized red socks, each wearing a Boston Red Sox hat; one has an "L" on its back, the other has an "R".

Mugsy, a St. Bernard mascot who made his rookie debut in professional baseball in 1997 with the Avalanche. According to the team's website, Mugsy descended from the passing Hale-Bopp comet that raced across the Roanoke Valley sky on April 4, 1997.

Misty, a female saint bernard mascot who joined the team in 2005.

Big Mo, the Salem Avalanche's Kid's Club mascot; a giant abominable snowman.

The Baseball Nut, the Avalanche's first mascot, which resembled an almond. While the idea was original, the Baseball Nut proved to be unpopular. Lacking a cute or friendly appearance, the mascot intimidated children and was an object of derision by adult fans. Mugsy was developed as a replacement.

Roster

Salem Red Sox roster

• v
• t
• e

Players				Coaches/Other
Pitchers 46 Bradley Blalock 35 Caleb Bolden 36 Jonathan Brand 30 Felix Cepeda 39 Nathanael Cruz 23 Luis De La Rosa 29 Noah Dean 21 Jhonny Felix 31 Gabriel Jackson 20 Marques Johnson -- Matt Litwicki   16 Jedixson Paez 41 Luis Perales 25 Railin Perez 45 Jose Ramirez 15 Elmer Rodriguez-Cruz 24 Reidis Sena 12 Luis Talavera		Catchers 26 Enderso Lira 13 Yorberto Mejicano 18 Juan Montero Infielders  5 Cutter Coffey 14 Lyonell James  6 Ahbram Liendo  3 Daniel McElveny  2 Luis Ravelo -- Mikey Romero   44 Claudio Simon Outfielders  1 Miguel Bleis   11 Allan Castro 37 Juan Chacon 19 Albert Feliz 28 Jhostynxon Garcia 38 Alexis Hernandez		Manager  4 Liam Carroll Coaches  9 Ozzie Chavez (bench coach) 33 Nelson Paulino (hitting coach) -- Juan Rivera (pitching) -- Kyle Schmidt (coach) -- Matt Wheeler (assistant pitching) 60-day injured list -- Hayden Mullins   7-day injured list * On Boston Red Sox 40-man roster ~ Development list # Rehab assignment ∞ Reserve list ‡ Restricted list § Suspended list † Temporarily inactive list Roster updated February 12, 2024 Transactions → More rosters: MiLB • Carolina League → Boston Red Sox minor league players

Notes

1. Salem is 677 miles (1,090 km) from Fenway Park in Boston.^[3]
2. In 1955, Salem and the Johnson City Cardinals were declared league co-champions when the final playoff series was canceled due to rain.^{[10][11]: 485}
3. In 1972, Salem finished first in the 2nd half of the split-season.^[11]: 558
4. In 1974, Salem finished first in both halves of the split-season.^[11]: 566
5. In 1981, Salem finished first in the 2nd half of the split-season.^[11]: 596
6. In 1987, Salem finished first in the 2nd half of the split-season.^[11]: 620
7. In 1988, Salem finished first in the 1st half of the split-season.^[11]: 624
8. In 2001, the Kinston Indians finished first in both halves of the split-season; Salem qualified as a wild card by finishing second in the 2nd half of the split-season.^[58]
9. In 2003, Salem did not win either half of the split-season, despite finishing with the best overall record in their division.^[11]: 707
10. In 2006, Salem finished first in the 2nd half of the split-season.^[11]: 725
11. In 2007, the Kinston Indians finished first in both halves of the split-season; Salem qualified as a wild card by finishing second in the 2nd half of the split-season.^[65]
12. In 2009, the Winston-Salem Dash won the 1st half of the split-season, while for the 2nd half of the split-season, Salem and Winston-Salem tied for first place; both teams advanced to the playoffs.^[68]
13. In 2013, Salem finished first in the 2nd half of the split-season.^[73]
14. In 2014, the Myrtle Beach Pelicans finished first in both halves of the split-season; Salem qualified as a wild card by finishing second in the 2nd half of the split-season.^[75]
15. In 2016, Salem finished first in the 1st half of the split-season.^[78][79]
16. In 2019, Salem finished first in the 2nd half of the split-season.^[83]
17. In 2021, Salem finished first in their division, but did not qualify for the postseason. The league did not play a split season, and only the top two teams with the best overall records, regardless of division, advanced to the playoffs.

References

1. [e-mail] 540-981-3124, Damien Sordelett (17 March 2023). "Fenway Sports Group agrees to sell Salem Red Sox to Diamond Baseball Holdings". Roanoke Times. Retrieved 2 September 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
2. Speier, Alex (October 12, 2022). "Red Sox Notebook". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
3. "MLB affiliate overview: American League East". MiLB.com. February 12, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
4. Mayo, Jonathan (February 12, 2021). "MLB Announces New Minors Teams, Leagues". Major League Baseball. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
5. Collins, Matt (December 9, 2020). "Red Sox to reportedly keep all four full-season affiliates, leaving Lowell without affilation". overthemonster.com. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
6. Reichard, Kevin (December 10, 2020). "Red Sox: We'll fight to keep baseball in Lowell". Ballpark Digest. August Publications.
7. Gross, Mike (May 25, 2021). "Despite roster shortfall, Barnstormers, Atlantic League can't wait to get started". Lancaster Online. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
8. "Atlantic League president says Island "is close" to getting a franchise in 2022". Staten Island Advance. June 5, 2021.
9. "Historical League Names to Return in 2022". Minor League Baseball. March 16, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
10. "Appy Playoffs Are Cancelled Due To Rain". Bristol Herald Courier. Bristol, Tennessee. AP. September 4, 1955. p. C1. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
11. The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball. Lloyd Johnson & Miles Wolff, editors (Third ed.). Baseball America. 2007. ISBN 978-1932391176.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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22. "1965 Salem Rebels Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com.
23. "1966 Salem Rebels Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com.
24. "1967 Salem Rebels Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com.
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26. "1969 Salem Rebels minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
27. "1970 Salem Rebels minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
28. "1971 Salem Rebels minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
29. "1972 Salem Pirates minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
30. "1973 Salem Pirates minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
31. "1974 Salem Pirates minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
32. "1975 Salem Pirates minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
33. "1976 Salem Pirates minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
34. "1977 Salem Pirates minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
35. "1978 Salem Pirates minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
36. "1979 Salem Pirates minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
37. "1980 Salem Pirates minor league baseball Roster on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
38. "1981 Salem Redbirds minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
39. "1982 Salem Redbirds minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
40. "1983 Salem Redbirds minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
41. "1984 Salem Redbirds minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
42. "1985 Salem Redbirds minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
43. "1986 Salem Redbirds minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
44. "1987 Salem Buccaneers minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
45. "1988 Salem Buccaneers minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
46. "1989 Salem Buccaneers minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
47. "1990 Salem Buccaneers minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
48. "1991 Salem Buccaneers minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
49. "1992 Salem Buccaneers minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
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51. "1994 Salem Buccaneers minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
52. "1995 Salem Avalanche minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
53. "1996 Salem Avalanche minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
54. "1997 Salem Avalanche minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
55. "1998 Salem Avalanche minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
56. "1999 Salem Avalanche minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
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61. "2003 Salem Avalanche minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
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63. "2005 Salem Avalanche minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
64. "2006 Salem Avalanche minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
65. "Carolina League (standings)". The Evening Sun. Hanover, Pennsylvania. September 4, 2007. p. B-3. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
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68. "Carolina League (standings)". The News Journal. Wilmington, Delaware. September 8, 2009. p. C5. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
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77. "2015 Salem Red Sox minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
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81. "2017 Salem Red Sox minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
82. "2018 Salem Red Sox minor league baseball Statistics on StatsCrew.com". StatsCrew.com.
83. "Carolina League (standings)". The News Journal. Wilmington, Delaware. September 6, 2019. p. B6. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
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89. "Tim Murtaugh Minor & Winter Leagues Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
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Further reading

• McFarling, Aaron (December 14, 2020). "Salem's drop in class no reason to feel low". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved February 14, 2021 – via MiLB.com.

External links

• Official website
• Statistics from Baseball-Reference
• Salem Baseball Booster Club