Saint Gregory the Great Parish Church (Majayjay)
The San Gregorio Magno Parish (Filipino: Simbahan ng Parokya ni San Gregorio Magno; Spanish: Iglesia Parroquial de San Gregorio Magno), also known as Majayjay Church and St. Gregory the Great Parish Church, is one of the oldest Roman Catholic churches in the Philippines located in the municipality of Majayjay in Laguna. It is recognized by the National Museum as a National Cultural Treasure (Level 1).[1]
| Majayjay Church | |
|---|---|
| San Gregorio Magno Parish Church Iglesia Parroquial de San Gregorio Magno | |
The sanctuary of San Gregorio Magno Church | |
Majayjay Church Location in the Philippines | |
| 14°08′40″N 121°28′20″E / 14.144564°N 121.472313°ECoordinates: 14°08′40″N 121°28′20″E / 14.144564°N 121.472313°E | |
| Location | Majayjay, Laguna |
| Country | Philippines |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Founded | 1571 |
| Founder(s) | Fr. Juan de Plasencia and Fr. Diego Oropesa |
| Dedication | St. Gregory the Great |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | National Cultural Treasure |
| Designated | 2001 |
| Architectural type | Church building |
| Style | Baroque |
| Groundbreaking | 1616 |
| Completed | 1649 |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 60 metres (200 ft) |
| Width | 17 metres (56 ft) |
| Height | 16.5 metres (54 ft) |
| Materials | Volcanic Tuff, Lumber, Galvanized Iron |
| Administration | |
| Province | Manila |
| Archdiocese | Manila |
| Diocese | San Pablo |
| Clergy | |
| Archbishop | Jose Advincula |
| Bishop(s) | Buenaventura M. Famadico |
| Priest(s) | Melchor Barcenas |
| Assistant priest(s) | Osmundo Monterola |
History
Majayjay served as the site of early Catholicism in Laguna.[2] The Augustinians first came in 1568. Along with five Augustinian priests and Juan de Salcedo, nephew of Miguel López de Legazpi, they started to evangelize the sceptical townsmen led by Gat Yantok.[3] In 1571, the Franciscans established a mission town with Don Gaspar Osorio, Agustín Osorio, Juan Osorio, Juan de Mendoza, Ventura Mag-olop, Aman Lingasan and Martín Siasip.[4] The first church was constructed by locals in 1575 near the May-it river and was made of nipa and bamboo and was later burned in 1576.[5] In 1578, Franciscans Fathers Juan de Plasencia and Diego Oropesa started to evangelize the town.[6] A church, still of nipa and bamboo, was built that same year under the patronage of Saint Gregory the Great.[7] Due to the lack of religious men, the first parish priest of Majajay, Father Antonio Nombela was only assigned in 1594.[6] Under his pastorship, a long robe worn by wives to the church, called lambón was first used in the Philippines.[8] In 1599, the Superior Gobierno authorized the construction of a stone church. While awaiting its construction, the makeshift church was burned in 1606.[7] Majayjay also served as infirmary for the old religious men until 1606 before it was transferred to Lumban.[9] Construction of the stone church began in 1616 and was completed in 1649 with the help of Maestro de Campo Don Buenaventura de Mendoza.[10] The church was again partially burned in 1660.[7] Rehabilitation started in 1711 and finished in 1730 by 14,000 people on forced labor and a rehabilitation cost of $26,000 by Father Jose de Puertollano.[7] Instead of rebuilding the church, Father Puertollano decided to sandwich the ruins between two layers of brick resulting in an unusual wall thickness of 3 metres (9.8 ft).[10] It took 19 years for the people of Majayjay to complete the church which was made of volcanic tuff with red tiles and prime lumber. On completion in 1730, the church became the biggest in the Philippines[3]
A century later, the stone church was destroyed by typhoon and was repaired in 1839, 1842 and 1848.[10] The roof was replaced with galvanized iron in 1892 under the supervision of Father Gregorio Platero. During the American occupation, the church served as headquarters of the American army. Due to damage brought about by the Spanish and American revolution, the church was again repaired in 1912.[11]
In 1954, the church was placed under the government's rehabilitation program with the help of the National Conservation Society of the Philippines. In 2001, it was declared as a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum.
Features
The Romanesque church of Majayjay[3] is 60 metres (200 ft) long, 17 metres (56 ft) wide and 16.5 metres (54 ft) meters high. Its façade has three levels, each level scaled proportionally and topped by a triangular pediment with a circular window.[12] The central nave consists of a huge wooden door of the main portal, choir loft windows and saint's niche. The interior contains a retablo mayor and four other minor retablos with intricate designs. The floor is tiled with azulejo and the walls have been preserved with some alterations. The five-storey square belltower with a conical roof[10] and ballustrated windows on each polygonal level is connected to the langit-langitan[what language is this?], a cat-walk above the ceiling which leads to the crossing over the transept.[1] The belfry has arched windows each with a bell trimmed with finials and a large antique bell on top.[12] It also has a large side door on the right side of the church.
Today, the church contains antique images of santos, reliquaries and century-old liturgical objects.
Convent
The huge convent (also convento) of the church, which provides a good view of Laguna de Bay, is one of the best preserved convento in the country and is the earliest surviving example of its kind.[4][7] It houses a small museum of old parish documents and ecclesiastical silver. A small portion of the church was converted into the present-day Liceo de Majayjay, a Catholic school under the supervision of the local parish and the Diocesan Catholic School System of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo.
Chapel of Nuestra Señora de la Porteria
The chapel of Nuestra Señora de la Porteria (Our Lady of the Gate) also known as the Ermita chapel was originally constructed as a tribunal during the Spanish period. The image of the Nuestra Señora de la Porteria, which was brought to Majayjay by Spanish missionaries in 1759, was enshrined in the former court building in 1760.[7][13]
Notes
- ^ a b Alba, Reinerio (September 29, 2003). . National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
- ^ "Majayjay, Laguna's cradle of Christianization five centuries hence". October 17, 2012. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
- ^ a b c Trozado, Pablo (September 26, 2010). . Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
- ^ a b "Towns and Cities - Majayjay". Retrieved June 20, 2014.
- ^ Huerta 1865, p. 126
- ^ a b Huerta 1865, p. 125
- ^ a b c d e f Huerta 1865, p. 127
- ^ Huerta 1865, p. 130
- ^ Huerta 1865, p. 144
- ^ a b c d "Bells of St. Francis". OFM Philippines Archives. Order of Friar Minors in the Philippines. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "Laguna's old churches await pilgrims". Philippines Daily Inquirer. March 24, 2005.
- ^ a b "Majayjay Church : St Gregory the Great". April 1, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
- ^ "Tourist Attractions in Laguna - Religious". Department of Tourism. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
Bibliography
- Huerta, Felix de (1865). Estado geográfico, topográfico, estadístico, histórico-religioso: de la santa y apostólica provincia de S. Gregorio Magno, de religiosos Menores descalzos de la regular y más estrecha observancia de N.S.P.S. Francisco, en las Islas Filipinas: comprende el número de religiosos, conventos, pueblos, situación de estos, años de su fundación, tributos, almas, producciones, industrias, cosas y casos especiales de su administración espiritual, en el archipiélago filipino, desde su fundación en el año de 1577 hasta el de 1865 [Geographical, topographical, statistical, historical and religious state of the holy and apostolic province of S. Gregorio Magno] (in Spanish). Binondo: Imprenta de M. Sanchez y Ca.
External links
Media related to Saint Gregory the Great Parish Church of Majayjay at Wikimedia Commons