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Sadko

May 04, 2023

For other uses, see Sadko (disambiguation).

Sadko (Russian: Садко) is the principal character in a Russian medieval epic bylina. He was an adventurer, merchant, and gusli musician from Novgorod.

Textual notes

"Sadko" is a version of the tale translated by Arthur Ransome in Old Peter's Russian tales (1916).[1] Kate Blakey's translation of a variant, "Sadko, the Rich Merchant Guest", appeared in the Slavonic Review (1924).[2]

A bylina version collected by P. N. Rybnikov has been translated by James Bailey.[3]

Synopsis

Sadko of Novgorod played the gusli on the shores of a lake and river.[a] The Tsar of the Sea[1][b] enjoyed his music, and offered to help him. Sadko was instructed to make a bet with the local merchants about catching a gold-finned fish in the lake; when he caught it (as provided by the Sea Tsar), the merchants had to pay the wager, making Sadko a rich merchant.[2][3][c]

Sadko traded on the seas with his new wealth, but did not pay proper respects to the Tsar as per their agreement. The Tsar stopped Sadko's ships in the sea. He and his sailors tried to appease the Sea Tsar with gold, to no avail. Sadko realizes a sacrifice of a live soul was being demanded. All the shipmates drew lots, but Sadko draws the unlucky lot as if by fate or magic, so he is sent overboard and he sinks into the sea.[2][3]

In the sea world, Sadko played the gusli for the Sea Tsar, whose dancing roughened the seas, so that all the sailors prayed to Mikola Mozhaisky (Mikula Mozhaysk, patron of mariners;[4] or the name Saint Nicholas is called by in variants[5]), and the saint instructed Sadko to quit playing, and break the strings if the Tsar will not let him stop. As the Tsar was bound to offer him a choice of maidens to wed in order to detain him, Mikola advised him to choose the last one, with the warning not to embrace her as a wife (consummate the marriage[5]) if he hoped ever to return to Russia. The Tsar showed Sadko a selection of 900 (or 300) maidens, and Sadko picked out Chernava (diminutive: Chernavushka) who appeared last.[6] The two then wed, but the groom made no overture to the bride on their wedding night, and Sadko the next day woke up in his hometown, reunited with his terrestrial wife.[2][3]

The Chernava is explained as the nymph of the River Chernava.[7] In Ransom's version, the Sea Tsar's youngest daughter is named Volkhov, which is the river Sadko has always cherished.[1]

Analysis

Tale type

The story of Sadko is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 677*, "Below the Sea": due to his musical prowess, the hero is taken to the court of an underwater king.[8]

Motifs

In some variants, Sadko is chosen to jump overboard by throwing lots between the men. This motif, derived from the Biblical story of Jonah, is a widespread device, appearing, for instance, in Child ballad 57 Brown Robyn's Confession.[9]

Historical parallels

Sadko may be based on a certain Sotko Sytinich (or Sedko Sitinits[10]), who is mentioned in the Novgorodian First Chronicle as the patron of the stone Church of Boris and Gleb built in the Novgorodian Detinets in 1167.[11][12]

Sadko can also be viewed as a metaphor for Yaroslav the Wise. The liberation of the Novgorodian people by Sadko can also be linked to the establishment of the Novgorod Republic by Yaroslav.[original research?][citation needed]

Adaptations

This tale attracted the attention of several authors in the 19th century with the rise of the Slavophile movement and served as a basis for a number of derived works, most notably the poem "Sadko" by Alexei Tolstoy (written 1871–1872);[13] additionally notable the 1898 opera entitled Садко (Sadko) composed by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, who also wrote the Libretto. In 1952, Aleksandr Ptushko directed a live action film based on the opera entitled Садко (Sadko). [14] A shortened and heavily modified version of this film was dubbed and entitled The Magic Voyage of Sinbad in 1962; later spoofed on Mystery Science Theater 3000 and released on DVD by Shout! Factory in 2011. In 2018 an animated adaption was released. The 1953 Soviet biopic Rimsky-Korsakov features pieces of the opera.

The 1952 original film adaption Садко by киностудии МОСФИЛЬМ (movie maker MOSFILM) was released on DVD in February 2004 by the Russian Cinema Council (Ruscico) as noted on Mosfilm website [15] and available as free download on RareLust website [16] as Sadko.

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Ilmen Lake,[2] or Volkhov River.[1]
  2. ^ Or Tsar Morskoy, 'Ocean-king'.[2]
  3. ^ The wager is wanting in Ransome's version, where Sadko is told by the Sea Tsar to draw the fish net and finds a coffer filled with gems.[1]

References

Citations
  1. ^ a b c d e f Ransome (1916) tr., "Sadko", pp. 29–42.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Blakey (1924) tr., "Sadko, the Rich Merchant Guest", pp. 57–62.
  3. ^ a b c d e Bailey (2015) tr., "Sadko", pp. 293–306. From Rybnikov, P. N. (1990). Songs 2: No. 13. Singer A. P. Sorokin, residing near Lake Onega.
  4. ^ Blakey (1924), p. 61, n2.
  5. ^ a b Bailey (2015), p. 295.
  6. ^ Picked from three sets of 300 mermaids;[3] or three sets of 100 maidens.[2] It is a choice from just 30 of the Tsar's daughters in Ransome's version.[1]
  7. ^ Blakey (1924), p. 61, n3.
  8. ^ Uther, Hans-Jörg (2004). The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography, Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientiarum Fennica. p. 373. ISBN 978-951-41-0955-3.
  9. ^ Francis James, Child (1965). The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. Vol. V. 2. New York: Dover Publications. p. 15.
  10. ^ Michell, Robert; Forbes, Nevill eds. (1914). Chronicle of Novgorod (Camden Third Series 25). London: Offices of the [Camden] Society. p. 25.
  11. ^ Birnbaum, Henrik (1981). Lord Novgorod the Great: The historical background. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers. p. 137. ISBN 0893570885.
  12. ^ Blakey (1924), p. 57.
  13. ^ Bristol, Evelyn (1991). A History of Russian Poetry. Oxford University Press. p. 149. ISBN 0-19-504659-5.
  14. ^ Naroditskaya, Inna (2012). Bewitching Russian Opera: The Tsarina from State to Stage. OUP USA Press. p. 3–4, 216ff. ISBN 0-195-34058-2.
  15. ^ Садко | Фильмы | Онлайн-кинотеатр "Мосфильма"
  16. ^ Search Results for “Sadko” | RareLust ~ movies from All Genres
Bibliography
  • Bailey, James, ed. (2015). "Sadko". An Anthology of Russian Folk Epics. Routledge. pp. 293–306. ISBN 1-317-47693-X.
  • Blakey, Kate (June 1924), "Folk Tales of Ancient Russia. (Byliny of Lord Novgorod the Great)", The Slavonic Review, 3 (7): 52–62, JSTOR 4201809
  • Ransome, Arthur, ed. (1916). "Sadko". Old Peter's Russian tales. Dmitri Mitrokhin (illustr.). London, New York: Thomas Nelson and sons. pp. 29–42.


External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sadko.
 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
poem "Sadko" by A. Tolstoy
  • Sadko the bylina
  • Sadko as collected by Arthur Ransome in Old Peter's Russian Tales
  • Sadko as collected by Arthur Ransome in Old Peter's Russian Tales as a librivox.org audiobook.
  • Collection of bylin about Sadko (in Russian)

May 04, 2023
sadko, other, uses, disambiguation, russian, Садко, principal, character, russian, medieval, epic, bylina, adventurer, merchant, gusli, musician, from, novgorod, palekh, miniature, contents, textual, notes, synopsis, analysis, tale, type, motifs, historical, p. For other uses see Sadko disambiguation Sadko Russian Sadko is the principal character in a Russian medieval epic bylina He was an adventurer merchant and gusli musician from Novgorod Sadko Palekh miniature Contents 1 Textual notes 2 Synopsis 3 Analysis 3 1 Tale type 3 2 Motifs 4 Historical parallels 5 Adaptations 6 See also 7 Explanatory notes 7 1 References 8 External linksTextual notes Edit Sadko is a version of the tale translated by Arthur Ransome in Old Peter s Russian tales 1916 1 Kate Blakey s translation of a variant Sadko the Rich Merchant Guest appeared in the Slavonic Review 1924 2 A bylina version collected by P N Rybnikov has been translated by James Bailey 3 Synopsis EditSadko of Novgorod played the gusli on the shores of a lake and river a The Tsar of the Sea 1 b enjoyed his music and offered to help him Sadko was instructed to make a bet with the local merchants about catching a gold finned fish in the lake when he caught it as provided by the Sea Tsar the merchants had to pay the wager making Sadko a rich merchant 2 3 c Sadko in the Underwater Kingdom by Ilya Repin Sadko traded on the seas with his new wealth but did not pay proper respects to the Tsar as per their agreement The Tsar stopped Sadko s ships in the sea He and his sailors tried to appease the Sea Tsar with gold to no avail Sadko realizes a sacrifice of a live soul was being demanded All the shipmates drew lots but Sadko draws the unlucky lot as if by fate or magic so he is sent overboard and he sinks into the sea 2 3 In the sea world Sadko played the gusli for the Sea Tsar whose dancing roughened the seas so that all the sailors prayed to Mikola Mozhaisky Mikula Mozhaysk patron of mariners 4 or the name Saint Nicholas is called by in variants 5 and the saint instructed Sadko to quit playing and break the strings if the Tsar will not let him stop As the Tsar was bound to offer him a choice of maidens to wed in order to detain him Mikola advised him to choose the last one with the warning not to embrace her as a wife consummate the marriage 5 if he hoped ever to return to Russia The Tsar showed Sadko a selection of 900 or 300 maidens and Sadko picked out Chernava diminutive Chernavushka who appeared last 6 The two then wed but the groom made no overture to the bride on their wedding night and Sadko the next day woke up in his hometown reunited with his terrestrial wife 2 3 The Chernava is explained as the nymph of the River Chernava 7 In Ransom s version the Sea Tsar s youngest daughter is named Volkhov which is the river Sadko has always cherished 1 Analysis EditTale type Edit The story of Sadko is classified in the international Aarne Thompson Uther Index as tale type ATU 677 Below the Sea due to his musical prowess the hero is taken to the court of an underwater king 8 Motifs Edit In some variants Sadko is chosen to jump overboard by throwing lots between the men This motif derived from the Biblical story of Jonah is a widespread device appearing for instance in Child ballad 57 Brown Robyn s Confession 9 Historical parallels EditSadko may be based on a certain Sotko Sytinich or Sedko Sitinits 10 who is mentioned in the Novgorodian First Chronicle as the patron of the stone Church of Boris and Gleb built in the Novgorodian Detinets in 1167 11 12 Sadko can also be viewed as a metaphor for Yaroslav the Wise The liberation of the Novgorodian people by Sadko can also be linked to the establishment of the Novgorod Republic by Yaroslav original research citation needed Adaptations EditThis tale attracted the attention of several authors in the 19th century with the rise of the Slavophile movement and served as a basis for a number of derived works most notably the poem Sadko by Alexei Tolstoy written 1871 1872 13 additionally notable the 1898 opera entitled Sadko Sadko composed by Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov who also wrote the Libretto In 1952 Aleksandr Ptushko directed a live action film based on the opera entitled Sadko Sadko 14 A shortened and heavily modified version of this film was dubbed and entitled The Magic Voyage of Sinbad in 1962 later spoofed on Mystery Science Theater 3000 and released on DVD by Shout Factory in 2011 In 2018 an animated adaption was released The 1953 Soviet biopic Rimsky Korsakov features pieces of the opera The 1952 original film adaption Sadko by kinostudii MOSFILM movie maker MOSFILM was released on DVD in February 2004 by the Russian Cinema Council Ruscico as noted on Mosfilm website 15 and available as free download on RareLust website 16 as Sadko See also EditSadko musical tableau Sadko opera Jurate and Kastytis a similar Lithuanian legend Explanatory notes Edit Ilmen Lake 2 or Volkhov River 1 Or Tsar Morskoy Ocean king 2 The wager is wanting in Ransome s version where Sadko is told by the Sea Tsar to draw the fish net and finds a coffer filled with gems 1 References Edit Citations a b c d e f Ransome 1916 tr Sadko pp 29 42 a b c d e f g Blakey 1924 tr Sadko the Rich Merchant Guest pp 57 62 a b c d e Bailey 2015 tr Sadko pp 293 306 From Rybnikov P N 1990 Songs 2 No 13 Singer A P Sorokin residing near Lake Onega Blakey 1924 p 61 n2 a b Bailey 2015 p 295 Picked from three sets of 300 mermaids 3 or three sets of 100 maidens 2 It is a choice from just 30 of the Tsar s daughters in Ransome s version 1 Blakey 1924 p 61 n3 Uther Hans Jorg 2004 The Types of International Folktales A Classification and Bibliography Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia Academia Scientiarum Fennica p 373 ISBN 978 951 41 0955 3 Francis James Child 1965 The English and Scottish Popular Ballads Vol V 2 New York Dover Publications p 15 Michell Robert Forbes Nevill eds 1914 Chronicle of Novgorod Camden Third Series 25 London Offices of the Camden Society p 25 Birnbaum Henrik 1981 Lord Novgorod the Great The historical background Columbus Ohio Slavica Publishers p 137 ISBN 0893570885 Blakey 1924 p 57 Bristol Evelyn 1991 A History of Russian Poetry Oxford University Press p 149 ISBN 0 19 504659 5 Naroditskaya Inna 2012 Bewitching Russian Opera The Tsarina from State to Stage OUP USA Press p 3 4 216ff ISBN 0 195 34058 2 Sadko Filmy Onlajn kinoteatr Mosfilma Search Results for Sadko RareLust movies from All Genres BibliographyBailey James ed 2015 Sadko An Anthology of Russian Folk Epics Routledge pp 293 306 ISBN 1 317 47693 X Blakey Kate June 1924 Folk Tales of Ancient Russia Byliny of Lord Novgorod the Great The Slavonic Review 3 7 52 62 JSTOR 4201809Ransome Arthur ed 1916 Sadko Old Peter s Russian tales Dmitri Mitrokhin illustr London New York Thomas Nelson and sons pp 29 42 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sadko Wikisource has original text related to this article poem Sadko by A Tolstoy Sadko the bylina Prose version Sadko as collected by Arthur Ransome in Old Peter s Russian Tales Sadko as collected by Arthur Ransome in Old Peter s Russian Tales as a librivox org audiobook Collection of bylin about Sadko in Russian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sadko amp oldid 1098553365, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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