The STARSHINE (Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite Heuristic International Networking Experiment) series of three (later, a fourth one was also launched) artificial satellites were student participatory missions sponsored by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (the fourth STARSHINE was a NASA mission).
STARSHINE-1 was a spherical satellite that was fitted with almost nine hundred small mirrors polished by students from around the world. Once launched, a network of over 20,000 students from eighteen countries tracked the satellite by observing sunlight glinting off the mirrors and networked their observations via the Internet. The students used these observations to calculate air drag, solar activity, and other orbit related properties of the satellite.[1]
STARSHINE 2 and 3 had systems added to impart spin to these satellites in an effort to improve the solar-reflected flash rate, as well as a number of laser retroreflectors to introduce the students to satellite laser ranging.[2] The satellites were constructed largely from spare flight hardware.
In November 2001, the amateur radio payload on Starshine 3 was designated STARSHINE-OSCAR-43, or SO-43.[3]
A further fourth satellite, STARSHINE-4, was launched aboard the maiden flight of Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne rocket on 25 May 2020. The flight was a failure and the satellite did not reach orbit.[4]
Launchesedit
STARSHINE 2 is deployed from the payload bay of Endeavour during STS-108
The STARSHINE launches were considered launches of opportunity; STARSHINE-1 was launched June 5, 1999 from the Space ShuttleDiscovery on STS-96, Starshine 3 launched on September 29, 2001 as part of the Kodiak StarAthena I mission, and STARSHINE-2 launched December 5, 2001 from the Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-108.
STARSHINE-4 launched onboard LauncherOne rocket on 25 May 2020. The launch vehicle failed five seconds after deployment from the carrier aircraft.
Reentryedit
Starshine 3 re-entered and burned up in the Earth's upper atmosphere on January 21, 2003. It had made 7434 revolutions around the Earth since its launch.[5]
See alsoedit
LAGEOS (Laser Geodynamics Satellites)—a series of scientific research satellites designed to provide an orbiting laser ranging benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth
starshine, satellite, starshine, student, tracked, atmospheric, research, satellite, heuristic, international, networking, experiment, series, three, later, fourth, also, launched, artificial, satellites, were, student, participatory, missions, sponsored, unit. The STARSHINE Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite Heuristic International Networking Experiment series of three later a fourth one was also launched artificial satellites were student participatory missions sponsored by the United States Naval Research Laboratory the fourth STARSHINE was a NASA mission NASA technician working on the Starshine 3 at the Kennedy Space Center Contents 1 Satellite description 2 Launches 3 Reentry 4 See also 5 References 6 External sourcesSatellite description editSTARSHINE 1 was a spherical satellite that was fitted with almost nine hundred small mirrors polished by students from around the world Once launched a network of over 20 000 students from eighteen countries tracked the satellite by observing sunlight glinting off the mirrors and networked their observations via the Internet The students used these observations to calculate air drag solar activity and other orbit related properties of the satellite 1 STARSHINE 2 and 3 had systems added to impart spin to these satellites in an effort to improve the solar reflected flash rate as well as a number of laser retroreflectors to introduce the students to satellite laser ranging 2 The satellites were constructed largely from spare flight hardware In November 2001 the amateur radio payload on Starshine 3 was designated STARSHINE OSCAR 43 or SO 43 3 A further fourth satellite STARSHINE 4 was launched aboard the maiden flight of Virgin Orbit s LauncherOne rocket on 25 May 2020 The flight was a failure and the satellite did not reach orbit 4 Launches edit nbsp STARSHINE 2 is deployed from the payload bay of Endeavour during STS 108The STARSHINE launches were considered launches of opportunity STARSHINE 1 was launched June 5 1999 from the Space Shuttle Discovery on STS 96 Starshine 3 launched on September 29 2001 as part of the Kodiak Star Athena I mission and STARSHINE 2 launched December 5 2001 from the Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS 108 STARSHINE 4 launched onboard LauncherOne rocket on 25 May 2020 The launch vehicle failed five seconds after deployment from the carrier aircraft Reentry editStarshine 3 re entered and burned up in the Earth s upper atmosphere on January 21 2003 It had made 7434 revolutions around the Earth since its launch 5 See also editLAGEOS Laser Geodynamics Satellites a series of scientific research satellites designed to provide an orbiting laser ranging benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth Satellite laser rangingReferences edit Satellite Starshine 3 NASA Archived from the original on 2006 10 04 International Laser Ranging Service NASA The ARRL Letter Vol 20 no 47 American Radio Relay League 2001 11 30 Retrieved 2016 12 11 Krebs Gunter 29 May 2020 Starshine 1 2 4 Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 30 May 2020 Project Starshine Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite Project Starshine External sources editStarshine project website Space Sciences The Navy amp Satellites Starshine 2 Space Sciences The Navy amp Satellites Starshine 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title STARSHINE satellite amp oldid 1159701680, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
