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Service Technique de l'Aéronautique

January 01, 1970

The Service technique de l'aéronautique (STAé) was a French state body responsible for coordinating technical aspects of aviation in France. Formed in 1916 as the Section technique de l'aéronautique the STAé continued until 1980 when its functions were distributed among other French governmental bodies, including the Service technique des programmes aéronautiques (STPA), Service technique des télécommunications et des équipements aéronautiques (STPA) and the Service central de la production, des prix et de la maintenance (SCPM).

History edit

In 1877 l'Établissement central de l'aérostation militaire de Chalais-Meudon (Central Establishment of the air balloon of Chalais- Meudon) was formed as the first aeronautical laboratory in the world, with a mission to design and assemble all French military aero-static equipment, from components made in industry, and train personnel in their use.

At the beginning of 1916 French military aircraft were being surpassed in performance and armament. The lack of technical coordination lead to disagreements between the views and desires of command and the capabilities of manufacturers, resulting in development delays and technological dead ends.

At the instigation of the Deputy Secretary of State for Aeronautics René Besnard and Minister of War General Gallieni, the Section technique de l'aéronautique was created on 21 February 1916, to coordinate all aspects of the design of new aircraft, led by Émile Dorand former head of Laboratoire d'aéronautique de Chalais-Meudon, ( the contemporary French equivalent of the British Royal Aircraft Factory).

The STAé moved to Issy-les-Moulineaux, creating the l’Établissement d’expériences techniques d’Issy-les-Moulineaux (Issy-les-Moulineaux Technical Experiments Establishment), which included laboratories, wind tunnels and ground testing facilities, placed at the disposal of the Ministère de la Guerre (Ministry of War). the new establishment was charged with directing, coordinating and centralising new research and experiments concerning military aviation, in three categories: aviation, armament and R&D (research and development).

Dorand led the STAé in development of a "standard atmosphere" in order to be able to compare the performance of different aircraft and equipment using a common baseline. The STAé was also charged with ensuring that the demands of service chiefs were met, where possible by French industry, correlating the demands of the military with the material possibilities of the moment; determine the performance of equipment presented by manufacturers to improve knowledge of the laws of aeronautics.

The first tasks of the STAé were: to develop a tractor propeller observation aircraft to allow defence against the Fokker E.III attacking from behind; to introduce a fighter able to fire through the propeller disk and develop twin-engined three-seat observation aircraft. Latterly the STAé turned its attention to aircraft engines issuing specifications and pushing for lighter, more powerful and reliable engines. On 6 April 1918, a ministerial decision officially made the STAé responsible for aircraft, engines, armament, flight test and research.

 
The STAé wind tunnel under construction at Issy-les-Moulineaux in 1921

On 6 June 1919, l'Office de coordination générale de l'aéronautique was created and attached to the direction de l'aéronautique militaire, bringing together the STAé, Service des fabrications de l'aéronautique (SFA) and Service de la navigation aérienne (SNAé).

The STAé established regulations for designing aircraft to improve safety, as well as drawing up specifications for a wide range of military aircraft classes, which were assessed in a competitive fashion and production contracts issued accordingly.

In 1934, under the ministère du général Victor Denain, the Direction générale de l’aéronautique was replaced by the Direction des constructions aériennes, in which the STAé and the SPAé were incorporateded .

Until 1939–1940, the STAé standardised equipment and products for civil and military aviation under the specific regulations of the Ministry of Air, developing and approving standards in consultation with industry and their implementation. After the surrender of France in May 1940, the STAé evacuated to Roanne in Vichy France.

In 1945, Inspector General Merle, director of the STAé created an Etudes Special section (STAé/ES) for research and development of missiles; other sections that emerged over the years included Etudes Special sections for helicopters, equipment, engines, armament and more...

STAé specifications edit

Main article: List of STAé specifications

From 1919 the STAé drew up specifications for specific roles in military aviation and assessed designs from industry competitively before production contracts were issued.

Directors edit

Émile Dorand
28 February 1916 - 11 January 1918
Albert Caquot
12 January 1918 - 1920
Georges Fortrant
1920-1925
Albert Caquot
1928-1933

...

Roger Guénod
1974-1980

References edit

Further reading edit

  • Aeronautics during the World War, Paris, Maurice de Brunoff,1919
  • The Evolution of French Aircraft During the War, by Colonel Dorand, p. 111-118
  • Committee for the History of Aeronautics, A half-century of aeronautics in France: introductory work, Department of Armament History, Center for Advanced Studies of Armament,2003
  • Committee for the History of Aeronautics, A half-century of aeronautics in France: The equipment, vol. 2, Department of Armament History of the Center for Advanced Studies of Armament, 2004
  • DGAC Historical Archives, Civil Aviation Directorate,2009 [PDF]
  • Louis Bonte, The History of flight tests, Paris, Editions Larivière, coll. " Docavia " ( n o 3)1975
  • Patrick Facon, " The Mechanization of War: The rear, factories and schools ," The Fana Aviation, n o HS 48,April 2012, p. 100 ( ISSN 0757-4169 )
  • BNAE - Activity Report 2010, p. 2 [PDF], Bureau of Aeronautics and Space Standards,2010
  • Marie-Catherine Dubreil-Villatoux, [PDF] Archives of the military aeronautics of the First World War, Historical Service of the Defense, 2008 (accessed 15 February 2015 ) p. 32.
  • Albert Étévé , Victory rosettes, Robert Laffont, 1970
  • City of Meudon - From Kite to Aviation: Aviation, http://www.carnetdevol.org
  • Marie-Catherine Dubreil-Villatoux, Archives of military aircraft of the First World War, [PDF], Defense Historical Service,2008 (accessed 15 February 2015 ) p. 36
  • The Legislative Bulletin Dalloz: laws, decrees, orders, circulars, etc. , Paris, Dalloz, 1919, p.p. 428-429
  • General Directorate of Armament, Tactical missiles from 1945 to 2000
  • Jean-Marie Potelle, The History of Djinn, Helico-passion
  • Archives of the Military Aeronautics of the First World War, [PDF], Historical Defense Service,2008 (accessed 15 February 2015 ) p. 44
  • General Officers, webgenealogies.com (accessed February 13, 2015 )
  • Georges Bousquet and Gabriel Colin, Roger Guenod (43) A life marked by passion flight test, the Yellow and the Red

January 01, 1970
service, technique, aéronautique, this, article, does, cite, sources, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, february, 2018, . This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Service Technique de l Aeronautique news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message The Service technique de l aeronautique STAe was a French state body responsible for coordinating technical aspects of aviation in France Formed in 1916 as the Section technique de l aeronautique the STAe continued until 1980 when its functions were distributed among other French governmental bodies including the Service technique des programmes aeronautiques STPA Service technique des telecommunications et des equipements aeronautiques STPA and the Service central de la production des prix et de la maintenance SCPM Contents 1 History 2 STAe specifications 3 Directors 4 References 5 Further readingHistory editIn 1877 l Etablissement central de l aerostation militaire de Chalais Meudon Central Establishment of the air balloon of Chalais Meudon was formed as the first aeronautical laboratory in the world with a mission to design and assemble all French military aero static equipment from components made in industry and train personnel in their use At the beginning of 1916 French military aircraft were being surpassed in performance and armament The lack of technical coordination lead to disagreements between the views and desires of command and the capabilities of manufacturers resulting in development delays and technological dead ends At the instigation of the Deputy Secretary of State for Aeronautics Rene Besnard and Minister of War General Gallieni the Section technique de l aeronautique was created on 21 February 1916 to coordinate all aspects of the design of new aircraft led by Emile Dorand former head of Laboratoire d aeronautique de Chalais Meudon the contemporary French equivalent of the British Royal Aircraft Factory The STAe moved to Issy les Moulineaux creating the l Etablissement d experiences techniques d Issy les Moulineaux Issy les Moulineaux Technical Experiments Establishment which included laboratories wind tunnels and ground testing facilities placed at the disposal of the Ministere de la Guerre Ministry of War the new establishment was charged with directing coordinating and centralising new research and experiments concerning military aviation in three categories aviation armament and R amp D research and development Dorand led the STAe in development of a standard atmosphere in order to be able to compare the performance of different aircraft and equipment using a common baseline The STAe was also charged with ensuring that the demands of service chiefs were met where possible by French industry correlating the demands of the military with the material possibilities of the moment determine the performance of equipment presented by manufacturers to improve knowledge of the laws of aeronautics The first tasks of the STAe were to develop a tractor propeller observation aircraft to allow defence against the Fokker E III attacking from behind to introduce a fighter able to fire through the propeller disk and develop twin engined three seat observation aircraft Latterly the STAe turned its attention to aircraft engines issuing specifications and pushing for lighter more powerful and reliable engines On 6 April 1918 a ministerial decision officially made the STAe responsible for aircraft engines armament flight test and research nbsp The STAe wind tunnel under construction at Issy les Moulineaux in 1921 On 6 June 1919 l Office de coordination generale de l aeronautique was created and attached to the direction de l aeronautique militaire bringing together the STAe Service des fabrications de l aeronautique SFA and Service de la navigation aerienne SNAe The STAe established regulations for designing aircraft to improve safety as well as drawing up specifications for a wide range of military aircraft classes which were assessed in a competitive fashion and production contracts issued accordingly In 1934 under the ministere du general Victor Denain the Direction generale de l aeronautique was replaced by the Direction des constructions aeriennes in which the STAe and the SPAe were incorporateded Until 1939 1940 the STAe standardised equipment and products for civil and military aviation under the specific regulations of the Ministry of Air developing and approving standards in consultation with industry and their implementation After the surrender of France in May 1940 the STAe evacuated to Roanne in Vichy France In 1945 Inspector General Merle director of the STAe created an Etudes Special section STAe ES for research and development of missiles other sections that emerged over the years included Etudes Special sections for helicopters equipment engines armament and more STAe specifications editMain article List of STAe specifications From 1919 the STAe drew up specifications for specific roles in military aviation and assessed designs from industry competitively before production contracts were issued Directors editEmile Dorand 28 February 1916 11 January 1918 Albert Caquot 12 January 1918 1920 Georges Fortrant 1920 1925 Albert Caquot 1928 1933 Roger Guenod 1974 1980References editFurther reading editAeronautics during the World War Paris Maurice de Brunoff 1919 The Evolution of French Aircraft During the War by Colonel Dorand p 111 118 Committee for the History of Aeronautics A half century of aeronautics in France introductory work Department of Armament History Center for Advanced Studies of Armament 2003 Committee for the History of Aeronautics A half century of aeronautics in France The equipment vol 2 Department of Armament History of the Center for Advanced Studies of Armament 2004 DGAC Historical Archives Civil Aviation Directorate 2009 PDF Louis Bonte The History of flight tests Paris Editions Lariviere coll Docavia n o 3 1975 Patrick Facon The Mechanization of War The rear factories and schools The Fana Aviation n o HS 48 April 2012 p 100 ISSN 0757 4169 BNAE Activity Report 2010 p 2 PDF Bureau of Aeronautics and Space Standards 2010 Marie Catherine Dubreil Villatoux PDF Archives of the military aeronautics of the First World War Historical Service of the Defense 2008 accessed 15 February 2015 p 32 Albert Eteve Victory rosettes Robert Laffont 1970 City of Meudon From Kite to Aviation Aviation http www carnetdevol org Marie Catherine Dubreil Villatoux Archives of military aircraft of the First World War PDF Defense Historical Service 2008 accessed 15 February 2015 p 36 The Legislative Bulletin Dalloz laws decrees orders circulars etc Paris Dalloz 1919 p p 428 429 General Directorate of Armament Tactical missiles from 1945 to 2000 Jean Marie Potelle The History of Djinn Helico passion Archives of the Military Aeronautics of the First World War PDF Historical Defense Service 2008 accessed 15 February 2015 p 44 General Officers webgenealogies com accessed February 13 2015 Georges Bousquet and Gabriel Colin Roger Guenod 43 A life marked by passion flight test the Yellow and the Red Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Service Technique de l 27Aeronautique amp oldid 1089836544, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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