fbpx
Wikipedia

SN 1993J

January 01, 1970

SN 1993J is a supernova observed in the galaxy M81. It was discovered on 28 March 1993 by F. Garcia in Spain.[3] At the time, it was the second-brightest type II supernova observed in the twentieth century behind SN 1987A,[4] peaking at a visible apparent magnitude of 10.7 on March 30, with a second peak of 10.86 on April 18.[2]

SN 1993J
A GALEX image of Messier 81 in ultraviolet light. Credit:GALEX/NASA/JPL-Caltech.
Event typeSupernova 
SN.IIb 
ConstellationUrsa Major 
Right ascension09h 55m 24.77476s[1]
Declination+69° 01′ 13.7026″[1]
EpochJ2000
Peak apparent magnitude+10.7[2]
Other designationsSN 1993J, AAVSO 0947+69, ICRF J095524.7+690113, INTREF 395, PBC J0955.1+6904
[edit on Wikidata]
Artist's impression of supernova 1993J

The spectral characteristics of the supernova changed over time. Initially, it looked more like a type II supernova (a supernova formed by the explosion of a giant star) with strong hydrogen spectral line emission, but later the hydrogen lines faded and strong helium spectral lines appeared, making the supernova look more like a type Ib.[4][5] Moreover, the variations in SN 1993J's luminosity over time were not like the variations observed in other type II supernovae[6][2] but did resemble the variations observed in type Ib supernovae.[7] Hence, the supernova has been classified as a type IIb supernova, an intermediate class between type II and type Ib.[5] The scientific results from this supernova suggested that type Ib and Ic supernovae were actually formed through the explosions of giant stars through processes similar to what takes place in type II supernovae.[5][8] The supernova was also used to estimate a distance of 8.5 ± 1.3 Mly (2.6 ± 0.4 Mpc) to Messier 81.[4]

Light echoes from the explosion have subsequently been detected. [9]

The progenitor of SN 1993J was identified in pre-explosion ground-based images.[10] The progenitor was observed to be a K-type supergiant star, with an excess in the ultraviolet possibly due to surrounding hot stars or a hot binary companion. While the supernova is located in a region populated by young massive stars,[11] late-time photometry with the Hubble Space Telescope and spectroscopy with the Keck 10m-telescope presented by Maund and collaborators revealed the presence of the long-suspected B-supergiant companion star.[12]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "SN 1993J". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
  2. ^ a b c J. C. Wheeler; E. Barker; R. Benjamin; J. Boisseau; A. Clocchiatti; G. de Vaucouleurs; N. Gaffney; R. P. Harkness; A. M. Khokhlov; D. F. Lester; B. J. Smith; V. V. Smith; J. Tomkin (1993). "Early Observations of SN 1993J in M81 at McDonald Observatory". Astrophysical Journal. 417: L71–L74. Bibcode:1993ApJ...417L..71W. doi:10.1086/187097.
  3. ^ J. Ripero; F. Garcia; D. Rodriguez; P. Pujol; A. V. Filippenko; R. R. Treffers; Y. Paik; M. Davis; D. Schlegel; et al. (1993). "Supernova 1993J in NGC 3031". IAU Circular. 5731: 1. Bibcode:1993IAUC.5731....1R.
  4. ^ a b c Schmidt, B.P.; Kirshner, R.P.; Eastman, R.G.; Grashuis, R.; Dell'Antonio, I.; Caldwell, N.; Foltz, C.; Huchra; Milone (1993). "The unusual supernova SN1993J in the galaxy M81". Nature. 364 (6438): 600–602. Bibcode:1993Natur.364..600S. doi:10.1038/364600a0. S2CID 4304547.
  5. ^ a b c A. V. Filippenko; T. Matheson; L. C. Ho (1993). "The "Type IIb" Supernova 1993J in M81: A Close Relative of Type Ib Supernovae". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 415: L103–L106. Bibcode:1993ApJ...415L.103F. doi:10.1086/187043.
  6. ^ P. J. Benson; W. Herbst; J. J> Salzer; G. Vinton; G. J. Hanson; S. J. Ratcliff; P. F. Winkler; D. M. Elmegreen; F. Chromey; C. Strom; T. J. Balonek; B. G. Elmegreen (1994). "Light curves of SN 1993J from the Keck Northeast Astronomy Consortium". Astronomical Journal. 107: 1453–1460. Bibcode:1994AJ....107.1453B. doi:10.1086/116958.
  7. ^ M. W. Richmond; R. R. Treffers; A. V. Filippenko; Y. Palik; B. Leibundgut; E. Schulman; C. V. Cox (1994). "UBVRI photometry of SN 1993J in M81: The first 120 days". Astronomical Journal. 107: 1022–1040. Bibcode:1994AJ....107.1022R. doi:10.1086/116915.
  8. ^ A. V. Filippenko; T. Matheson; A. J. Barth (1994). "The peculiar type II supernova 1993J in M81: Transition to the nebular phase". Astronomical Journal. 108: 2220–2225. Bibcode:1994AJ....108.2220F. doi:10.1086/117234.
  9. ^ Sugerman, Ben & Crotts, Arlin (November 8, 2002). "Multiple Light Echoes from Supernova 1993J". The Astrophysical Journal. 581 (2): L97–L100. arXiv:astro-ph/0207497. Bibcode:2002ApJ...581L..97S. doi:10.1086/346016. S2CID 118152671.
  10. ^ Aldering, G.; R. Humphreys; M. Richmond (1994). "SN 1993J: The optical properties of its progenitor". Astronomical Journal. 107: 662. Bibcode:1994AJ....107..662A. doi:10.1086/116886.
  11. ^ Van Dyk, S.D.; P.M. Garnavich; A.V. Filippenko; P.A. Hoflich; R.P. Kirshner; R.L. Kurucz; P. Challis (2002). "The Progenitor of Supernova 1993J Revisited". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 114 (802): 1322. arXiv:astro-ph/0208382. Bibcode:2002PASP..114.1322V. doi:10.1086/344382. S2CID 14476023.
  12. ^ Maund, J.; S.J. Smartt; R.P. Kudritzki; P. Podsiadlowski; G.F. Gilmore (2004). "The massive binary companion star to the progenitor of supernova 1993J". Nature. 427 (6970): 129–31. arXiv:astro-ph/0401090. Bibcode:2004Natur.427..129M. doi:10.1038/nature02161. PMID 14712269. S2CID 4413401.

External links edit

  • Video of artist's impression of the SN 1993J binary progenitor system
  • Light curves and spectra 2017-10-22 at the Wayback Machine on the Open Supernova Catalog
  • NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Supernova Survivor (12 February 2004)

January 01, 1970
1993j, supernova, observed, galaxy, discovered, march, 1993, garcia, spain, time, second, brightest, type, supernova, observed, twentieth, century, behind, 1987a, peaking, visible, apparent, magnitude, march, with, second, peak, april, galex, image, messier, u. SN 1993J is a supernova observed in the galaxy M81 It was discovered on 28 March 1993 by F Garcia in Spain 3 At the time it was the second brightest type II supernova observed in the twentieth century behind SN 1987A 4 peaking at a visible apparent magnitude of 10 7 on March 30 with a second peak of 10 86 on April 18 2 SN 1993JA GALEX image of Messier 81 in ultraviolet light Credit GALEX NASA JPL Caltech Event typeSupernova SN IIb ConstellationUrsa Major Right ascension09h 55m 24 77476s 1 Declination 69 01 13 7026 1 EpochJ2000Peak apparent magnitude 10 7 2 Other designationsSN 1993J AAVSO 0947 69 ICRF J095524 7 690113 INTREF 395 PBC J0955 1 6904 edit on Wikidata Artist s impression of supernova 1993J The spectral characteristics of the supernova changed over time Initially it looked more like a type II supernova a supernova formed by the explosion of a giant star with strong hydrogen spectral line emission but later the hydrogen lines faded and strong helium spectral lines appeared making the supernova look more like a type Ib 4 5 Moreover the variations in SN 1993J s luminosity over time were not like the variations observed in other type II supernovae 6 2 but did resemble the variations observed in type Ib supernovae 7 Hence the supernova has been classified as a type IIb supernova an intermediate class between type II and type Ib 5 The scientific results from this supernova suggested that type Ib and Ic supernovae were actually formed through the explosions of giant stars through processes similar to what takes place in type II supernovae 5 8 The supernova was also used to estimate a distance of 8 5 1 3 Mly 2 6 0 4 Mpc to Messier 81 4 Light echoes from the explosion have subsequently been detected 9 The progenitor of SN 1993J was identified in pre explosion ground based images 10 The progenitor was observed to be a K type supergiant star with an excess in the ultraviolet possibly due to surrounding hot stars or a hot binary companion While the supernova is located in a region populated by young massive stars 11 late time photometry with the Hubble Space Telescope and spectroscopy with the Keck 10m telescope presented by Maund and collaborators revealed the presence of the long suspected B supergiant companion star 12 References edit a b SN 1993J SIMBAD Centre de donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg Retrieved 2021 01 25 a b c J C Wheeler E Barker R Benjamin J Boisseau A Clocchiatti G de Vaucouleurs N Gaffney R P Harkness A M Khokhlov D F Lester B J Smith V V Smith J Tomkin 1993 Early Observations of SN 1993J in M81 at McDonald Observatory Astrophysical Journal 417 L71 L74 Bibcode 1993ApJ 417L 71W doi 10 1086 187097 J Ripero F Garcia D Rodriguez P Pujol A V Filippenko R R Treffers Y Paik M Davis D Schlegel et al 1993 Supernova 1993J in NGC 3031 IAU Circular 5731 1 Bibcode 1993IAUC 5731 1R a b c Schmidt B P Kirshner R P Eastman R G Grashuis R Dell Antonio I Caldwell N Foltz C Huchra Milone 1993 The unusual supernova SN1993J in the galaxy M81 Nature 364 6438 600 602 Bibcode 1993Natur 364 600S doi 10 1038 364600a0 S2CID 4304547 a b c A V Filippenko T Matheson L C Ho 1993 The Type IIb Supernova 1993J in M81 A Close Relative of Type Ib Supernovae Astrophysical Journal Letters 415 L103 L106 Bibcode 1993ApJ 415L 103F doi 10 1086 187043 P J Benson W Herbst J J gt Salzer G Vinton G J Hanson S J Ratcliff P F Winkler D M Elmegreen F Chromey C Strom T J Balonek B G Elmegreen 1994 Light curves of SN 1993J from the Keck Northeast Astronomy Consortium Astronomical Journal 107 1453 1460 Bibcode 1994AJ 107 1453B doi 10 1086 116958 M W Richmond R R Treffers A V Filippenko Y Palik B Leibundgut E Schulman C V Cox 1994 UBVRI photometry of SN 1993J in M81 The first 120 days Astronomical Journal 107 1022 1040 Bibcode 1994AJ 107 1022R doi 10 1086 116915 A V Filippenko T Matheson A J Barth 1994 The peculiar type II supernova 1993J in M81 Transition to the nebular phase Astronomical Journal 108 2220 2225 Bibcode 1994AJ 108 2220F doi 10 1086 117234 Sugerman Ben amp Crotts Arlin November 8 2002 Multiple Light Echoes from Supernova 1993J The Astrophysical Journal 581 2 L97 L100 arXiv astro ph 0207497 Bibcode 2002ApJ 581L 97S doi 10 1086 346016 S2CID 118152671 Aldering G R Humphreys M Richmond 1994 SN 1993J The optical properties of its progenitor Astronomical Journal 107 662 Bibcode 1994AJ 107 662A doi 10 1086 116886 Van Dyk S D P M Garnavich A V Filippenko P A Hoflich R P Kirshner R L Kurucz P Challis 2002 The Progenitor of Supernova 1993J Revisited Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 114 802 1322 arXiv astro ph 0208382 Bibcode 2002PASP 114 1322V doi 10 1086 344382 S2CID 14476023 Maund J S J Smartt R P Kudritzki P Podsiadlowski G F Gilmore 2004 The massive binary companion star to the progenitor of supernova 1993J Nature 427 6970 129 31 arXiv astro ph 0401090 Bibcode 2004Natur 427 129M doi 10 1038 nature02161 PMID 14712269 S2CID 4413401 External links editVideo of artist s impression of the SN 1993J binary progenitor system Light curves and spectra Archived 2017 10 22 at the Wayback Machine on the Open Supernova Catalog NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day Supernova Survivor 12 February 2004 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title SN 1993J amp oldid 1170141216, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.