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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22

October 22, 2023

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that develops and facilitates standards within the fields of programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 is also sometimes referred to as the "portability subcommittee". The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), located in the United States.[1][2]

History Edit

 
Studying papers and making notes during a ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 21 C++ Standards Committee meeting at the British Standards Institution in London in 1997

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 was created in 1985, with the intention of creating a JTC 1 subcommittee that would address standardization within the field of programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces. Before the creation of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22, programming language standardization was addressed by ISO TC 97/SC 5.[3] Many of the original working groups of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 were inherited from a number of the working groups of ISO TC 97/SC 5 during its reorganization, including ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 2 – Pascal (originally ISO TC 97/SC 5/WG 4), ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 4 – COBOL (originally ISO TC 97/SC 5/ WG 8), and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 5 – Fortran (originally ISO TC 97/SC 5/WG 9).[3] Since then, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 has created and disbanded many of its working groups in response to the changing standardization needs of programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces.

Scope and mission Edit

The scope of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 is the standardization of programming languages (such as COBOL, Fortran, Ada, C, C++, and Prolog), their environments (such as POSIX and Linux),[2] and systems software interfaces, such as:[4]

  • Specification techniques
  • Common facilities and interfaces

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 also produces common language-independent specifications to facilitate standardized bindings between programming languages and system services, as well as greater interaction between programs written in different languages.[5]

The scope of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 does not include specialized languages or environments within the program of work of other subcommittees or technical committees.[6]

The mission of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 is to improve portability of applications, productivity and mobility of programmers, and compatibility of applications over time within high level programming environments. The three main goals of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 are:[7]

  • To support the current global investment in software applications through programming languages standardization
  • To improve programming language standardization based on previous specification experience in the field
  • To respond to emerging technological opportunities

Structure Edit

Although ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 has had a total of 24 working groups (WGs), many have been disbanded when the focus of the working group was no longer applicable to the current standardization needs.[3] ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 is currently made up of eight (8) active working groups, each of which carries out specific tasks in standards development within the field of programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces. The focus of each working group is described in the group’s terms of reference. Working groups of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 are:[8]

Working Group Working Area Status
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 1 PLIP (Programming Languages for Industrial Processes) Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 2 Pascal Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 3 APL Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 4 COBOL Active
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 5 Fortran Active
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 6 ALGOL Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 7 PL/I Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 8 BASIC Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 9 Ada Active
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 10 Guidelines Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 11 Binding Techniques Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 12 Conformity Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 13 Modula-2 Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 14 C Active
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 15 POSIX Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 16 ISLisp Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 17 Prolog Active
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 18 FIMS (Form Interface Management System) Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 19 Formal Specification Languages Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 20 Internationalization Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 21 C++ Active
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 22 PCTE (Portable Common Tool Environment) Disbanded
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 23 Programming Language Vulnerabilities Active
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 24 Linux Standard Base (LSB) Active

Collaborations Edit

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 works in close collaboration with a number of other organizations or subcommittees, some internal to ISO, and others external to it. Organizations in liaison with ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22, internal to ISO are:[2][6][9][10]

Organizations in liaison to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 that are external to ISO are:

Member countries Edit

Countries pay a fee to ISO to be members of subcommittees.[11]

The 23 "P" (participating) members of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 are: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Poland, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States of America.[12]

The 21 "O" (observing) members of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 are: Argentina, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cuba, Egypt, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Ireland, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, and Thailand.[13]

Published standards and technical reports Edit

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 currently has 98 published standards in programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces. Some standards published by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 within this field include:[14][15][16]

ISO/IEC Standard/Technical Report Title Status Description WG
ISO 7185 Information technology – Programming languages – Pascal Published (1990) Provides a machine independent definition of the Pascal programming language. Specifies semantics and syntax by specifying requirements for a processor and for a conforming program.[17]
ISO/IEC 1989 Information technology – Programming languages – COBOL Published (2002) Improves interoperability, international character set handling, and data validation for the programming language COBOL. Includes a number of technological enhancements, such as, features for object-oriented programming.[18][19] 4
ISO/IEC 1539-1 Information technology – Programming languages – Fortran – Part 1: Base language Published (2010) Specifies the form and interpretation of programs expressed in the base Fortran programming language. 5
ISO/IEC 8652 Information technology – Programming languages – Ada Published (2012) Specifies the form and meaning of programs written in the Ada programming language. Promotes the portability of Ada programs to a variety of computing systems. 9
ISO/IEC 9899 Information technology – Programming languages – C Published (2018) Specifies the form and interpretation of programs written in the C programming language 14
ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945 Information technology – Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Base Specifications, Issue 7 Published (2009) Defines a standard operating system interface and environment for support of applications portability at the source code level. 15
ISO/IEC 13211-1 Information technology – Programming languages – Prolog – Part 1: General core Published (1995) Promotes the portability and applicability of Prolog data and text for a variety of data processing systems. 17
ISO/IEC 14882 Information technology – Programming languages – C++ Published (2017) Specifies requirements for the implementation of the C++ programming language. 21
ISO/IEC 23270 Information technology – Programming languages – C# Published (2006) Specifies the form and interpretation of programs written in the C# programming language
ISO/IEC 16262 Information technology – Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces – ECMAScript language specification Published (2011) Defines the scripting language for ECMAScript.
ISO/IEC 23360-1 Linux Standard Base (LSB) core specification 3.1 – Part 1: Generic specification Published (2006) Defines a system interface for compiled applications and minimal environment of installation scripts.
ISO/IEC 23271 Information technology -- Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) Published (2012) Defines the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) in which applications written in multiple high-level languages can be executed in different system environments without the need to rewrite.
ISO/IEC 25436 Information technology -- Eiffel: Analysis, Design and Programming Language Published (2006) Provides the full reference for the Eiffel language.
ISO/IEC TR 24772 Information technology -- Programming languages -- Guidance to avoiding vulnerabilities in programming languages through language selection and use Published (2013) Specifies software programming language vulnerabilities to be avoided in the development of systems where assured behaviour is required for security, safety, mission-critical and business-critical software.
ISO/IEC 30170 Information technology -- Programming languages -- Ruby Published (2012) Specifies the syntax and semantics of the computer programming language Ruby, and the requirements for conforming Ruby processors, strictly conforming Ruby programs, and conforming Ruby programs.

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ ISO. "ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 - Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces". Retrieved 2013-07-19.
  2. ^ a b c Jaeschke, Rex (2012-10-02). "SC 22 Business Plan for ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 for the Period 2011-10 to 2012-09" (PDF). ISO/IEC. Retrieved 2013-07-22. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b c Jaeschke, Rex (2012-12-14). "SC 22 Standing Document 2: SC 22 Input to JTC 1/SD2 ("JTC 1 History")". ISO. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ Peacock, Marisa (2010-08-02). JTC 1 SC 22 Secretariat Report to the 2010 SC 22 Plenary (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 2013-07-22.
  5. ^ ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 (2014-10-13). JTC 1/SC 22 Business Plan - 2014 (Report).
  6. ^ a b ISO/IEC (2012-10-19). "Revised Standing Document 2 (SD 2), JTC 1 History". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Hill, John L. (February 2001). "Briefing – Information Technology: ISO/IEC JTC 1 Subcommittee 22, Programming Languages, their Environments, and System Software Interfaces" (PDF). ISO Bulletin. Vol. 2. Retrieved 2013-07-22.
  8. ^ "ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces". ISO. p. Structure. Retrieved 2013-07-22.
  9. ^ Peacock, Marisa (2013-05-23). Twenty Sixth Plenary Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 (Meeting Agenda). Tokyo, Japan.
  10. ^ "ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 Liaisons". ISO. Retrieved 2015-07-14.
  11. ^ ISO (June 2012). "III. What Help Can I Get from the ISO Central Secretariat?". ISO Membership Manual (PDF). ISO. pp. 17–18. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
  12. ^ ISO. "ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 - Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces". ISO. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
  13. ^ "ISO Technical Committee Participation". ISO. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
  14. ^ ISO. "JTC 1/SC 22 - Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces". Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  15. ^ Peacock, Marisa (2011-08-10). SC 22 Programme of Work (Report).
  16. ^ "ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22". ISO. Retrieved 2015-07-14.
  17. ^ ISO/IEC (1991). "Pascal ISO 7185:1990" (PDF). ISO/IEC. Retrieved 2013-07-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ^ Karinch, Maryann (2003-04-21). "INCITS Approves Revised ISO/IEC COBOL Standard as an American National Standard". Washington, D.C.: InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS). Retrieved 2013-07-25.
  19. ^ Klein, William M. (2010-10-04). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2013-07-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links Edit

  • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 page at ISO

October 22, 2023
programming, languages, their, environments, system, software, interfaces, standardization, subcommittee, joint, technical, committee, international, organization, standardization, international, electrotechnical, commission, that, develops, facilitates, stand. ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 Programming languages their environments and system software interfaces is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC that develops and facilitates standards within the fields of programming languages their environments and system software interfaces ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 is also sometimes referred to as the portability subcommittee The international secretariat of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 is the American National Standards Institute ANSI located in the United States 1 2 Contents 1 History 2 Scope and mission 3 Structure 4 Collaborations 5 Member countries 6 Published standards and technical reports 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory Edit nbsp Studying papers and making notes during a ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 21 C Standards Committee meeting at the British Standards Institution in London in 1997ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 was created in 1985 with the intention of creating a JTC 1 subcommittee that would address standardization within the field of programming languages their environments and system software interfaces Before the creation of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 programming language standardization was addressed by ISO TC 97 SC 5 3 Many of the original working groups of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 were inherited from a number of the working groups of ISO TC 97 SC 5 during its reorganization including ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 2 Pascal originally ISO TC 97 SC 5 WG 4 ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 4 COBOL originally ISO TC 97 SC 5 WG 8 and ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 5 Fortran originally ISO TC 97 SC 5 WG 9 3 Since then ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 has created and disbanded many of its working groups in response to the changing standardization needs of programming languages their environments and system software interfaces Scope and mission EditThe scope of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 is the standardization of programming languages such as COBOL Fortran Ada C C and Prolog their environments such as POSIX and Linux 2 and systems software interfaces such as 4 Specification techniques Common facilities and interfacesISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 also produces common language independent specifications to facilitate standardized bindings between programming languages and system services as well as greater interaction between programs written in different languages 5 The scope of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 does not include specialized languages or environments within the program of work of other subcommittees or technical committees 6 The mission of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 is to improve portability of applications productivity and mobility of programmers and compatibility of applications over time within high level programming environments The three main goals of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 are 7 To support the current global investment in software applications through programming languages standardization To improve programming language standardization based on previous specification experience in the field To respond to emerging technological opportunitiesStructure EditAlthough ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 has had a total of 24 working groups WGs many have been disbanded when the focus of the working group was no longer applicable to the current standardization needs 3 ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 is currently made up of eight 8 active working groups each of which carries out specific tasks in standards development within the field of programming languages their environments and system software interfaces The focus of each working group is described in the group s terms of reference Working groups of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 are 8 Working Group Working Area StatusISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 1 PLIP Programming Languages for Industrial Processes DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 2 Pascal DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 3 APL DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 4 COBOL ActiveISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 5 Fortran ActiveISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 6 ALGOL DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 7 PL I DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 8 BASIC DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 9 Ada ActiveISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 10 Guidelines DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 11 Binding Techniques DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 12 Conformity DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 13 Modula 2 DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 14 C ActiveISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 15 POSIX DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 16 ISLisp DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 17 Prolog ActiveISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 18 FIMS Form Interface Management System DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 19 Formal Specification Languages DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 20 Internationalization DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 21 C ActiveISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 22 PCTE Portable Common Tool Environment DisbandedISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 23 Programming Language Vulnerabilities ActiveISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 WG 24 Linux Standard Base LSB ActiveCollaborations EditISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 works in close collaboration with a number of other organizations or subcommittees some internal to ISO and others external to it Organizations in liaison with ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 internal to ISO are 2 6 9 10 ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 2 Coded character sets ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 7 Software and systems engineering ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 27 IT Security techniques ISO TC 37 Terminology and other language and content resources ISO TC 215 Health informaticsOrganizations in liaison to ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 that are external to ISO are Ecma International Linux Foundation Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Ada ACM SIGAda Ada Europe MISRAMember countries EditCountries pay a fee to ISO to be members of subcommittees 11 The 23 P participating members of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 are Austria Bulgaria Canada China Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Israel Italy Japan Kazakhstan Republic of Korea Netherlands Poland Russian Federation Slovenia Spain Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom and United States of America 12 The 21 O observing members of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 are Argentina Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Cuba Egypt Ghana Greece Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Republic of Iran Ireland Democratic People s Republic of Korea Malaysia New Zealand Norway Portugal Romania Serbia and Thailand 13 Published standards and technical reports EditISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 currently has 98 published standards in programming languages their environments and system software interfaces Some standards published by ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 within this field include 14 15 16 ISO IEC Standard Technical Report Title Status Description WGISO 7185 Information technology Programming languages Pascal Published 1990 Provides a machine independent definition of the Pascal programming language Specifies semantics and syntax by specifying requirements for a processor and for a conforming program 17 ISO IEC 1989 Information technology Programming languages COBOL Published 2002 Improves interoperability international character set handling and data validation for the programming language COBOL Includes a number of technological enhancements such as features for object oriented programming 18 19 4ISO IEC 1539 1 Information technology Programming languages Fortran Part 1 Base language Published 2010 Specifies the form and interpretation of programs expressed in the base Fortran programming language 5ISO IEC 8652 Information technology Programming languages Ada Published 2012 Specifies the form and meaning of programs written in the Ada programming language Promotes the portability of Ada programs to a variety of computing systems 9ISO IEC 9899 Information technology Programming languages C Published 2018 Specifies the form and interpretation of programs written in the C programming language 14ISO IEC IEEE 9945 Information technology Portable Operating System Interface POSIX Base Specifications Issue 7 Published 2009 Defines a standard operating system interface and environment for support of applications portability at the source code level 15ISO IEC 13211 1 Information technology Programming languages Prolog Part 1 General core Published 1995 Promotes the portability and applicability of Prolog data and text for a variety of data processing systems 17ISO IEC 14882 Information technology Programming languages C Published 2017 Specifies requirements for the implementation of the C programming language 21ISO IEC 23270 Information technology Programming languages C Published 2006 Specifies the form and interpretation of programs written in the C programming languageISO IEC 16262 Information technology Programming languages their environments and system software interfaces ECMAScript language specification Published 2011 Defines the scripting language for ECMAScript ISO IEC 23360 1 Linux Standard Base LSB core specification 3 1 Part 1 Generic specification Published 2006 Defines a system interface for compiled applications and minimal environment of installation scripts ISO IEC 23271 Information technology Common Language Infrastructure CLI Published 2012 Defines the Common Language Infrastructure CLI in which applications written in multiple high level languages can be executed in different system environments without the need to rewrite ISO IEC 25436 Information technology Eiffel Analysis Design and Programming Language Published 2006 Provides the full reference for the Eiffel language ISO IEC TR 24772 Information technology Programming languages Guidance to avoiding vulnerabilities in programming languages through language selection and use Published 2013 Specifies software programming language vulnerabilities to be avoided in the development of systems where assured behaviour is required for security safety mission critical and business critical software ISO IEC 30170 Information technology Programming languages Ruby Published 2012 Specifies the syntax and semantics of the computer programming language Ruby and the requirements for conforming Ruby processors strictly conforming Ruby programs and conforming Ruby programs See also EditISO IEC JTC 1 List of ISO standards American National Standards Institute International Organization for Standardization International Electrotechnical CommissionReferences Edit ISO ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 Programming languages their environments and system software interfaces Retrieved 2013 07 19 a b c Jaeschke Rex 2012 10 02 SC 22 Business Plan for ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 for the Period 2011 10 to 2012 09 PDF ISO IEC Retrieved 2013 07 22 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b c Jaeschke Rex 2012 12 14 SC 22 Standing Document 2 SC 22 Input to JTC 1 SD2 JTC 1 History ISO a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Peacock Marisa 2010 08 02 JTC 1 SC 22 Secretariat Report to the 2010 SC 22 Plenary PDF Report Retrieved 2013 07 22 ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 2014 10 13 JTC 1 SC 22 Business Plan 2014 Report a b ISO IEC 2012 10 19 Revised Standing Document 2 SD 2 JTC 1 History a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Hill John L February 2001 Briefing Information Technology ISO IEC JTC 1 Subcommittee 22 Programming Languages their Environments and System Software Interfaces PDF ISO Bulletin Vol 2 Retrieved 2013 07 22 ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 Programming languages their environments and system software interfaces ISO p Structure Retrieved 2013 07 22 Peacock Marisa 2013 05 23 Twenty Sixth Plenary Meeting of ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 Meeting Agenda Tokyo Japan ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 Liaisons ISO Retrieved 2015 07 14 ISO June 2012 III What Help Can I Get from the ISO Central Secretariat ISO Membership Manual PDF ISO pp 17 18 Retrieved 2013 07 12 ISO ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 Programming languages their environments and system software interfaces ISO Retrieved 2020 01 23 ISO Technical Committee Participation ISO Retrieved 2020 01 23 ISO JTC 1 SC 22 Programming languages their environments and system software interfaces Retrieved 2012 07 22 Peacock Marisa 2011 08 10 SC 22 Programme of Work Report ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 ISO Retrieved 2015 07 14 ISO IEC 1991 Pascal ISO 7185 1990 PDF ISO IEC Retrieved 2013 07 25 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Karinch Maryann 2003 04 21 INCITS Approves Revised ISO IEC COBOL Standard as an American National Standard Washington D C InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards INCITS Retrieved 2013 07 25 Klein William M 2010 10 04 The History of COBOL PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2014 01 07 Retrieved 2013 07 25 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help External links EditISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 page at ISO Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ISO IEC JTC 1 SC 22 amp oldid 1166989380, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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