In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Gallegos and the second or maternal family name is Freire.
Rómulo Ángel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire (2 August 1884 – 5 April 1969)[1][2][3] was a Venezuelan novelist and politician. For a period of nine months during 1948, he governed as the first freely elected president in Venezuela's history.[4] He was removed from power by military officers in the 1948 Venezuelan coup.[5]
Rómulo Gallegos was born in Caracas to Rómulo Gallegos Osío and Rita Freire Guruceaga, into a family of humble origin. He began his work as a schoolteacher, writer, classical music enthusiast, and journalist in 1903. His novel Doña Bárbara was first published in 1929, and it was because of the book's criticisms of the regime of longtime dictator Juan Vicente Gómez that he was forced to flee the country. He took refuge in Spain, where he continued to write: his acclaimed novels Cantaclaro (1934) and Canaima (1935) date from this period. He returned to Venezuela in 1936 and was appointed Minister of Public Education.
Political careeredit
In 1937 he was elected to Congress and, in 1940–41, served as Mayor of Caracas. In 1945, Rómulo Gallegos was involved in the coup d'état that brought Rómulo Betancourt and the "Revolutionary Government Junta" to power, in the period known as El Trienio Adeco. In the 1947 general election he ran for the presidency of the republic as the Acción Democrática candidate and won in what is generally believed to be the country's first honest election.[citation needed] He took over 74 percent of the vote, still a record for a free election in Venezuela. He took office on 15 February, and was noted for raising the state's tax revenue for oil profits increase from 43% to 50%, a tax scheme known as "fifty / fifty" and which was subsequently replicated in several oil producing countries such as Saudi Arabia. President Gallegos initiated the implementation of an "open-door" policy, which sparked an influx of Italians, eventually becoming the largest European population group within Venezuela. Nevertheless, army officers Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Luis Felipe Llovera Páez, threw him out of power November in the 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état. He took refuge first in Cuba and then in Mexico. Gallegos returned to his country after the fall of the dictatorship of Marcos Pérez Jiménez in 1958. While he was named a senator for life, he no longer took an active role in politics.
From 1960 to 1963, he was a Commissioner of the newly created Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (created by OAS in Washington on 18 August 1959), and he was also its first President (1960) a position he held until 1963.
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1960, largely due to the efforts of Miguel Otero Silva, and gained widespread support in Latin America,[9] but ultimately lost out to Saint-John Perse. The Rómulo Gallegos International Novel Prize was created in his honor on 6 August 1964 by a presidential decree, enacted by Venezuelan president Raúl Leoni. The declared purpose of the prize is to "perpetuate and honor the work of the eminent novelist and also to stimulate the creative activity of Spanish language writers." It is awarded by the government of Venezuela, through the offices of the Rómulo Gallegos Center for Latin American Studies (Celarg). The first prize was given in 1967. It was awarded every five years until 1987, when it became a biannual award. The award includes a cash prize of €100,000 making it among the richest literary prizes in the world.
Personal life and deathedit
Gallegos was married to Teotiste Arocha Egui, who served as First Lady of Venezuela in 1948.[citation needed] Rómulo Gallegos Freire died in Caracas on 5 April 1969.
Gallegos and Teotiste
In 2016 his grave was desecrated by thieves, who stole the marble and his remains. His granddaughter took Twitter to express her frustration: "Here in Venezuela, not even the remains of an ex-president can be kept away from the hands of crime."
^. 16 October 2018. Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
^Lott, Leo B. (1956). "Executive Power in Venezuela". American Political Science Review. 50 (2): 422–441. doi:10.2307/1951677. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 1951677. S2CID 143931136.
^"Hoy hace 136 años nació Rómulo Gallegos el novelista venezolano más relevante del siglo XX". El Carabobeño (in Spanish). 2 August 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
^Real Academia Española / Academia Venezolana de la Lengua 30 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine
SUBERO, EFRAÍN. 1984: "Aproximación sociologica a la obra de Rómulo Gallegos homenaje en el centenario de su nacimiento".Cuadernos Lagoven. Lagoven, S.A. Caracas – Venezuela.
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In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Gallegos and the second or maternal family name is Freire Romulo Angel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire 2 August 1884 5 April 1969 1 2 3 was a Venezuelan novelist and politician For a period of nine months during 1948 he governed as the first freely elected president in Venezuela s history 4 He was removed from power by military officers in the 1948 Venezuelan coup 5 Romulo GallegosGallegos c 1947 48President of VenezuelaIn office 17 February 1948 24 November 1948Preceded byRomulo BetancourtSucceeded byCarlos Delgado ChalbaudSenator for lifeIn office 23 January 1961 5 April 1969Personal detailsBornRomulo Angel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire 1884 08 02 2 August 1884Caracas VenezuelaDied5 April 1969 1969 04 05 aged 84 Caracas VenezuelaPolitical partyAccion DemocraticaSpouseTeotiste Arocha Egui 1888 1950 SignatureRomulo Gallegos is considered the most relevant Venezuelan novelist of the 20th century and a prominent figure in Latin American literature 6 Contents 1 Early life and writings 2 Political career 2 1 Administration 3 Accolades 4 Personal life and death 5 Published works 6 See also 7 Further reading 8 ReferencesEarly life and writings editRomulo Gallegos was born in Caracas to Romulo Gallegos Osio and Rita Freire Guruceaga into a family of humble origin He began his work as a schoolteacher writer classical music enthusiast and journalist in 1903 His novel Dona Barbara was first published in 1929 and it was because of the book s criticisms of the regime of longtime dictator Juan Vicente Gomez that he was forced to flee the country He took refuge in Spain where he continued to write his acclaimed novels Cantaclaro 1934 and Canaima 1935 date from this period He returned to Venezuela in 1936 and was appointed Minister of Public Education Political career editIn 1937 he was elected to Congress and in 1940 41 served as Mayor of Caracas In 1945 Romulo Gallegos was involved in the coup d etat that brought Romulo Betancourt and the Revolutionary Government Junta to power in the period known as El Trienio Adeco In the 1947 general election he ran for the presidency of the republic as the Accion Democratica candidate and won in what is generally believed to be the country s first honest election citation needed He took over 74 percent of the vote still a record for a free election in Venezuela He took office on 15 February and was noted for raising the state s tax revenue for oil profits increase from 43 to 50 a tax scheme known as fifty fifty and which was subsequently replicated in several oil producing countries such as Saudi Arabia President Gallegos initiated the implementation of an open door policy which sparked an influx of Italians eventually becoming the largest European population group within Venezuela Nevertheless army officers Carlos Delgado Chalbaud Marcos Perez Jimenez and Luis Felipe Llovera Paez threw him out of power November in the 1948 Venezuelan coup d etat He took refuge first in Cuba and then in Mexico Gallegos returned to his country after the fall of the dictatorship of Marcos Perez Jimenez in 1958 While he was named a senator for life he no longer took an active role in politics Gallegos was awarded the National Literature Prize 1958 for La doncella and elected to the Venezuelan Academy of the Language the correspondent agency in Venezuela of the Spanish Royal Academy 7 From 1960 to 1963 he was a Commissioner of the newly created Inter American Commission on Human Rights created by OAS in Washington on 18 August 1959 and he was also its first President 1960 a position he held until 1963 Administration edit Cabinet of Romulo Gallegos 8 Ministry Name PeriodInternal Relations Eligio Anzola Anzola February November 1948External relationships Andres Eloy BlancoTreasury Manuel Perez GuerreroDefense Carlos Delgado ChalbaudDevelopment Juan Pablo Perez AlfonzoPublic Works Edgar Pardo StolkEducation Luis Beltran Prieto FigueroaJobs Raul LeoniCommunications Leonardo Ruiz PinedaAgriculture amp Livestock Ricardo MontillaHealth amp Social Care Edmundo FernandezOffice Gonzalo BarriosAccolades editHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1960 largely due to the efforts of Miguel Otero Silva and gained widespread support in Latin America 9 but ultimately lost out to Saint John Perse The Romulo Gallegos International Novel Prize was created in his honor on 6 August 1964 by a presidential decree enacted by Venezuelan president Raul Leoni The declared purpose of the prize is to perpetuate and honor the work of the eminent novelist and also to stimulate the creative activity of Spanish language writers It is awarded by the government of Venezuela through the offices of the Romulo Gallegos Center for Latin American Studies Celarg The first prize was given in 1967 It was awarded every five years until 1987 when it became a biannual award The award includes a cash prize of 100 000 making it among the richest literary prizes in the world Personal life and death editGallegos was married to Teotiste Arocha Egui who served as First Lady of Venezuela in 1948 citation needed Romulo Gallegos Freire died in Caracas on 5 April 1969 nbsp Gallegos and TeotisteIn 2016 his grave was desecrated by thieves who stole the marble and his remains His granddaughter took Twitter to express her frustration Here in Venezuela not even the remains of an ex president can be kept away from the hands of crime Published works editVenezuelan Presidential election 1947ResultsCandidates VotesRomulo Gallegos 871 752Rafael Caldera 262 204Gustavo Machado 36 587El ultimo Solar 1920 alternative title Reinaldo Solar La trepadora 1925 Dona Barbara 1929 Cantaclaro 1934 Canaima 1935 also published in English 1988 ISBN 0 8061 2119 X Pobre negro 1937 El forastero 1942 Sobre la misma tierra 1943 La rebelion 1946 La brizna de paja en el viento 1952 Una posicion en la vida 1954 El ultimo patriota 1957 El piano viejoSee also edit nbsp Venezuela portal nbsp Socialism portalPresidents of Venezuela List of VenezuelansFurther reading editGallegos Dona Barbara Donald Leslie Shaw 1972 Romulo Gallegos an Oklahoma encounter and the writing of the last novel Lowell Dunham 1974 Nine essays on Romulo Gallegos Hugo Rodriguez Alcala 1979 Three Spanish American novelists a European view Cyril A Jones 1967 Sociopolitical aspects of the novels of Romulo Gallegos Earl Leon Cardon 1962 The function of symbol in the novels of Romulo Gallegos Jeannine Elizabeth Hyde 1964References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Romulo Gallegos Fundacion Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos Romulo Gallegos Profile of Romulo Gallegos Geni com 68 anos de las primeras elecciones libres en Venezuela El Aragueno 16 October 2018 Archived from the original on 16 October 2018 Retrieved 1 November 2020 Lott Leo B 1956 Executive Power in Venezuela American Political Science Review 50 2 422 441 doi 10 2307 1951677 ISSN 0003 0554 JSTOR 1951677 S2CID 143931136 Hoy hace 136 anos nacio Romulo Gallegos el novelista venezolano mas relevante del siglo XX El Carabobeno in Spanish 2 August 2020 Retrieved 1 November 2020 Real Academia Espanola Academia Venezolana de la Lengua Archived 30 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine Gaceta Oficial de Venezuela periodo 1948 Jeannine Hyde 1960 Romulo Gallegos and the Nobel Prize in 1960 Hispania Vol 43 No 2 May 1960 pp 241 242 DUNHAM LOWELL 1990 Cartas familiares de Romulo Gallegos Cuadernos Lagoven Lagoven S A Caracas Venezuela MORON GUILLERMO 1979 Los presidentes de Venezuela 1811 1979 Meneven S A Caracas Venezuela ROMERO MARTINEZ VINICIO 1987 Mis mejores amigos Editorial Larense Caracas Venezuela SUBERO EFRAIN 1984 Aproximacion sociologica a la obra de Romulo Gallegos homenaje en el centenario de su nacimiento Cuadernos Lagoven Lagoven S A Caracas Venezuela Political officesPreceded byRomulo Betancourt President of Venezuela1948 Succeeded byCarlos Delgado Chalbaud Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Romulo Gallegos amp oldid 1181058126, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
