The rusty-faced parrot (Hapalopsittaca amazonina) is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela and possibly Ecuador.[3][1][4]
The rusty-faced parrot is about 23 cm (9.1 in) long and weighs 97 to 115 g (3.4 to 4.1 oz). Adults of the nominate subspeciesH. a. amazonina have a dull orange-red forehead and crown, yellow lores, an orange-red chin, and brownish red ear coverts with yellow streaks. Their upperparts are green with a red shoulder. Their breast is buffy olive and the rest of their underparts grass green. Their primaries and secondary coverts are blue, the former darker than the latter. Their tail is dark red with blue-black to violet blue tips. Immature birds have a duller red face with fewer yellow streaks than adults. Subspecies H. a. theresae has darker green upperparts than the nominate, and the red on their face is more brownish, their ear coverts darker, and their breast rusty olive. H. a. velezi is like the nominate with the addition of a golden olive hindneck and nape.[6]
Distribution and habitatedit
The subspecies of the rusty-faced parrot are found thus:[3][6]
H. a. theresae, northwestern Venezuela from central Trujillo to northern Táchira
H. a. velezi, Colombia's Western and Central Andes and possibly extreme northern Ecuador
H. a. amazonina, Colombia's Eastern Andes and extreme western Venezuela
Undocumented sight records in Ecuador lead the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society to classify the species as hypothetical in that country.[4]
The rusty-faced parrot mostly inhabits very wet cloudforest, though H. a. velezi has been recorded where the alder Alnus acuminata has been used for reforestation. In elevation it mostly ranges between 2,500 and 3,000 m (8,200 and 9,800 ft) but has been recorded as low as 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and as high as 3,500 m (11,500 ft).[6][7]
Behavioredit
Movementedit
Only small elevational movements are known for the rusty-faced parrot.[6]
Feedingedit
The rusty-faced parrot feeds on seeds and fruit including those of genus Clusia and mistletoes.[6]
Breedingedit
Nothing is known about the rusty-faced parrot's breeding biology.[6]
Songs and calls
Listen to rusty=faced parrot on xeno-canto
Vocalizationedit
The rusty-faced parrot's flight call is "a repeated strident and loud “creek!”." It also makes " similar piercing calls such as “creenk!” or a more bisyllabic “shreeank” " when perched.[6]
Statusedit
The IUCN originally assessed the rusty-faced parrot as Threatened, then in 1994 as Endangered, in 2005 as Vulnerable, and since 2021 as Near Threatened. It has a limited range and its estimated population of below 10,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. The primary threat is deforestation for human settlement expansion, agriculture, ranching, and other purposes.[6] The species is considered rare throughout its range; much of its original habitat has already been cleared or degraded. Though it occurs in two Venezuelan national parks, they are threatened by human encroachment.[6]
Referencesedit
^ abBirdLife International (2021). "Rusty-faced Parrot Hapalopsittaca amazonina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22686158A195234208. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22686158A195234208.en. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
^"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
^ abcGill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
^ abRemsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 30 January 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved January 30, 2023
^Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 30 January 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 30, 2023
^ abcdefghiCollar, N. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Rusty-faced Parrot (Hapalopsittaca amazonina), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rufpar2.01 retrieved February 25, 2023
^McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 65. ISBN978-0-9827615-0-2.
Further readingedit
Rodriguez, JP; Rojas-Suarez, F; Sharpe, CJ. "Setting Priorities For The Conservation Of Venezuela's Threatened Birds." Oryx 38.4 (n.d.): 373–382. Thomson Scientific: ISI Web of Knowledge—Web of Science.
April 11, 2024
rusty, faced, parrot, rusty, faced, parrot, hapalopsittaca, amazonina, near, threatened, species, bird, subfamily, arinae, family, psittacidae, african, world, parrots, found, colombia, venezuela, possibly, ecuador, conservation, statusnear, threatened, iucn, . The rusty faced parrot Hapalopsittaca amazonina is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae the African and New World parrots It is found in Colombia and Venezuela and possibly Ecuador 3 1 4 Rusty faced parrotConservation statusNear Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix II CITES 2 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PsittaciformesFamily PsittacidaeGenus HapalopsittacaSpecies H amazoninaBinomial nameHapalopsittaca amazonina Des Murs 1845 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 Further readingTaxonomy and systematics editThe rusty faced parrot has these three subspecies 3 H a theresae Hellmayr 1915 H a velezi Graves GR amp Restrepo 1989 H a amazonina Des Murs 1845 What are now Fuertes s parrot H fuertesi and the red faced parrot H pyrrhops were previously treated as subspecies of the rusty faced parrot The three now make a superspecies 5 Description editThe rusty faced parrot is about 23 cm 9 1 in long and weighs 97 to 115 g 3 4 to 4 1 oz Adults of the nominate subspecies H a amazonina have a dull orange red forehead and crown yellow lores an orange red chin and brownish red ear coverts with yellow streaks Their upperparts are green with a red shoulder Their breast is buffy olive and the rest of their underparts grass green Their primaries and secondary coverts are blue the former darker than the latter Their tail is dark red with blue black to violet blue tips Immature birds have a duller red face with fewer yellow streaks than adults Subspecies H a theresae has darker green upperparts than the nominate and the red on their face is more brownish their ear coverts darker and their breast rusty olive H a velezi is like the nominate with the addition of a golden olive hindneck and nape 6 Distribution and habitat editThe subspecies of the rusty faced parrot are found thus 3 6 H a theresae northwestern Venezuela from central Trujillo to northern Tachira H a velezi Colombia s Western and Central Andes and possibly extreme northern Ecuador H a amazonina Colombia s Eastern Andes and extreme western VenezuelaUndocumented sight records in Ecuador lead the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society to classify the species as hypothetical in that country 4 The rusty faced parrot mostly inhabits very wet cloudforest though H a velezi has been recorded where the alder Alnus acuminata has been used for reforestation In elevation it mostly ranges between 2 500 and 3 000 m 8 200 and 9 800 ft but has been recorded as low as 1 500 m 4 900 ft and as high as 3 500 m 11 500 ft 6 7 Behavior editMovement edit Only small elevational movements are known for the rusty faced parrot 6 Feeding edit The rusty faced parrot feeds on seeds and fruit including those of genus Clusia and mistletoes 6 Breeding edit Nothing is known about the rusty faced parrot s breeding biology 6 nbsp Songs and callsListen to rusty faced parrot on xeno canto Vocalization edit The rusty faced parrot s flight call is a repeated strident and loud creek It also makes similar piercing calls such as creenk or a more bisyllabic shreeank when perched 6 Status editThe IUCN originally assessed the rusty faced parrot as Threatened then in 1994 as Endangered in 2005 as Vulnerable and since 2021 as Near Threatened It has a limited range and its estimated population of below 10 000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing The primary threat is deforestation for human settlement expansion agriculture ranching and other purposes 6 The species is considered rare throughout its range much of its original habitat has already been cleared or degraded Though it occurs in two Venezuelan national parks they are threatened by human encroachment 6 References edit a b BirdLife International 2021 Rusty faced Parrot Hapalopsittaca amazonina IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T22686158A195234208 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2021 3 RLTS T22686158A195234208 en Retrieved 25 February 2023 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved February 24 2023 a b c Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P eds January 2023 Parrots cockatoos IOC World Bird List v 13 1 Retrieved 18 February 2023 a b Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer 30 January 2023 Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories https www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCCountryLists htm retrieved January 30 2023 Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer Version 30 January 2023 A classification of the bird species of South America American Ornithological Society https www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCBaseline htm retrieved January 30 2023 a b c d e f g h i Collar N and P F D Boesman 2020 Rusty faced Parrot Hapalopsittaca amazonina version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow rufpar2 01 retrieved February 25 2023 McMullan Miles Donegan Thomas M Quevedo Alonso 2010 Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia Bogota Fundacion ProAves p 65 ISBN 978 0 9827615 0 2 Further reading editRodriguez JP Rojas Suarez F Sharpe CJ Setting Priorities For The Conservation Of Venezuela s Threatened Birds Oryx 38 4 n d 373 382 Thomson Scientific ISI Web of Knowledge Web of Science Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rusty faced parrot amp oldid 1211698337, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
