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Russian destroyer Gavriil (1915)

October 19, 2023

Gavriil (Russian: Гавриил) was an Orfey-class destroyer of the Russian Imperial Navy.[a] The destroyer was built by the Russo-Baltic Yard at Reval (now Tallinn in Estonia), launching on 5 January 1915 and completing in October 1916. She served with the Baltic Fleet during the remainder of the First World War, and after the October Revolution joined the Bolshevik Red Fleet. She was active during the Russian Civil War, taking part in several engagements against British ships during the British campaign in the Baltic, and was sunk by a mine on 21 October 1919.

Gavriil in 1918
History
Russian Empire
NameGavriil
BuilderRusso-Baltic Yard, Reval
Launched5 January 1915
FateJoined the Bolsheviks, November 1917
Soviet Union
AcquiredNovember 1917
FateMined and sunk 21 October 1919
General characteristics
Class and typeOrfey-class destroyer
Displacement1,260 long tons (1,280 t)
Length98.0 m (321 ft 6 in)
Beam9.3 m (30 ft 6 in)
Draught3.0 m (9 ft 10 in)
Installed power30,000 shp (22,000 kW)
Propulsion
Speed32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph)
Complement150
Armament

Design and construction Edit

In 1912, the Russian State Duma passed a shipbuilding programme for the Imperial Russian Navy that envisioned the construction of four battlecruisers, eight cruisers, 36 destroyers and 18 submarines, mainly for the Baltic Fleet.[1][2] To meet this requirement, the Putilov Yard of Saint Petersburg proposed a modified version of the Derzky-class destroyer, to be built by Putilov, the Metal Works of Saint Petersburg, and the Russo-Baltic Yard of Reval (now Tallinn) in Estonia. An order for 22 destroyers to Putilov's design was placed with the three shipyards in December 1912.[3]

The Orfey-class destroyers were 98.0 m (321 ft 6 in) long, with a beam of 9.3 m (30 ft 6 in) and a draught of 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in). Displacement was 1,260 long tons (1,280 t) normal.[4] Four Vulkan water-tube boilers fed steam at 17 atm (250 psi; 1,700 kPa) to AEG steam turbines that drove two propeller shafts.[4][5] The machinery was rated at 30,000 shp (22,000 kW),[b] giving a speed of 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph).[4]

The ships were originally designed to carry an armament of two 102-millimetre (4.0 in) guns and four triple 450 mm (18 in) torpedo tubes, but during construction, the Russian Naval Staff decided to strengthen the gun armament, replacing one set of torpedo tubes with two more 102 mm guns. One 40 mm (1.6 in) anti-aircraft gun was fitted, while 50 mines could be carried. The ships had a crew of 150.[6]

Gavriil was laid down on 8 December 1913 (24 November 1913 Old Style),[7] at the Russo-Baltic Works Reval shipyard, was launched on 5 January 1915,[3] and completed on 7 October 1916.[5]

Service Edit

Gavriil took part in the Battle of Moon Sound in October–November 1917.[7][8] On hearing of the October Revolution after return to port, Gavriil's crew sided with the Bolsheviks.[7] Gavriil served with the Active Squadron of the Red Fleet in 1919,[3] although fuel for operations was limited.[9]

On 18 May 1919, Gavriil was escorting four minesweepers which had sortied from Kronstadt when the Russian force was spotted by the British cruiser Cleopatra, flagship of Rear Admiral Walter Cowan, commander of British naval forces in the Baltic. Cleopatra and the British destroyers Shakespeare, Scout and Walker set out in pursuit of the Russian ships, while Gavriil engaged the British ships to allow the slower minesweepers to escape. Gavriil was damaged by near misses from the British ships, which were unharmed, as Gavriil's guns did not have the range to reach the British, but the British broke off the engagement when they drew near Russian minefields and came under fire from Russian shore batteries.[10]

On 2 June 1919, Gavriil and the destroyer Azard were engaged by the British destroyers Vivacious and Voyager across a minefield, with no damage occurring. A similar exchange of fire occurred on 4 June, between Gavriil and Azard on the Russian side and the destroyers Versatile, Vivacious and Walker, with the Russian battleship Petropavlovsk providing distant support to the Russian destroyers. Shortly after this exchange of fire, the British submarine L55 attempted a torpedo attack against the two Russian destroyers, but broke surface after the attack and was hit by a shell from Gavriil and sunk (possibly after striking a mine) with all hands.[11][7] On the evening of 9 June 1919, Gavriil and Azard attacked British ships watching Kronstadt, firing 80 shells at the British destroyers Versatile, Vivacious and Walrus before withdrawing. No ships on either side was damaged.[12] On 13 June, the forts of Krasnaya Gorka and Grey Horse, on the South side of Petrograd Bay, revolted against the Bolsheviks, and from 16 June, units of the Red Fleet bombarded these forts.[13] Gavriil supported these bombardment operations.[7]

On the night of 17/18 August 1919, seven British Coastal Motor Boats (CMBs) attacked Kronstadt. Gavriil, which was anchored outside the entrance to Kronstadt harbour, was targeted by CMB24, but the British boat's torpedo ran too deep and passed underneath the Russian destroyer. Gavriil's return fire quickly sank CMB24, but could not stop the remainder of the British force from entering the harbour, where they sank the submarine depot ship Pamiat Azova and damaging the battleship Andrei Pervozvanny. One CMB (CMB79) was sunk by a collision with CMB62. On leaving the harbour, CMB62 launched its torpedoes at Gavriil, but they too ran too deep and missed, and Gavrill's gunfire sank CMB62.[c][15]

On the morning of 21 October 1919, Gavriil and the destroyers Azard, Konstantin and Svoboda, set out from Kronstadt to lay a minefield in Koporye Bay to deter British ships supporting Estonian troops advancing on Petrograd, but ran into a British minefield. Gavriil, leading the destroyers, was the first to strike a mine at 05:48 and sank after twenty minutes. Konstantin and Svoboda were sunk by mines within minutes, with only Azard, at the rear of the formation, escaping unharmed. Only 25 of the crew of the three sunken destroyers were rescued, with nineteen of those sailors from Gavriil who had escaped by boat,[16] with 285 killed.[17][18] Some sources state that the sortie was an attempt by the destroyer's crews to defect to the British.[18][19]

Notes Edit

  1. ^ Sometimes also described as the name ship of the Gavriil class
  2. ^ 36,000–40,000 PS (36,000–39,000 shp; 26,000–29,000 kW) according to Fock.[5]
  3. ^ The Russians credited Gavriil with sinking three CMBs.[14]

Citations Edit

  1. ^ Budzbon 1985, p. 291
  2. ^ Halpern 1994, p. 17
  3. ^ a b c Budzbon 1985, p. 310
  4. ^ a b c Budzbon 1985, p. 309
  5. ^ a b c Fock 1989, p. 192
  6. ^ Budzbon 1985, pp. 309–310
  7. ^ a b c d e Ammon, G. A.; Berezhnoy, S. S. (1981). "Эскадренный миноносец «Гавриил»" [Squadron destroyer "Gabriel"]. Героические корабли российского и советского Военно-Морского Флота [Heroic ships of the Russian and Soviet Navy]. Воениздат. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  8. ^ Fock 1989, p. 403
  9. ^ Bennett 2002, p. 82
  10. ^ Bennett 2002, pp. 110–111
  11. ^ Bennett 2002, pp. 119, 121
  12. ^ Bennett 2002, p. 121
  13. ^ Bennett 2002, pp. 124–125
  14. ^ Bennett 2002, p. 156
  15. ^ Bennett 2002, pp. 148–156
  16. ^ Chernyshev 2011, p. 117.
  17. ^ Bennett 2002, pp. 181–182
  18. ^ a b Poukov, A. (1939). "Красный Балтийский флот и оборона Петрограда осенью 1919 г.:Трагическая гибель трех эсминцев Красного Балтийского флота в ночь на 21 октября 1919 г." [The Red Baltic Fleet and the Defense of Petrograd in the autumn of 1919: The tragic death of three destroyers of the Red Baltic Fleet on the night of October 21, 1919.]. Балтийский флот в обороне Петрограда. 1919 год [The Baltic Fleet is in defense of Petrograd. 1919.]. оенмориздат НКВМФ СССР. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  19. ^ "Russian Bolshevik Waters 1919: Royal Navy Operations in Outline". Naval-history.net. 4 September 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2020.

References Edit

  • Bennett, Geoffrey (2002). Freeing the Baltic. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN 1-84341-001-X.
  • Budzbon, Przemysław (1985). "Russia". In Gray, Randal (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 291–325. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Chernyshev, Alexander (2011). Русские суперэсминцы. Легендарные "Новики" [Russian Superdestroyers: Legendary Noviks] (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Yauza/Eksmo. ISBN 978-5-699-53144-8.
  • Fock, Harald (1989). Z-Vor!: Internationale Entwicklung und Kriegseinsätze von Zerstörern und Torpedobooten: 1914 bis 1939. Herford, Germany: Koelers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. ISBN 3-7822-0207-4.
  • Halpern, Paul G. (1994). A Naval History of World War I. London: UCL Press. ISBN 1-85728-498-4.

Further reading Edit

  • Budzbon, Przemyslaw; Radziemski, Jan & Twardowski, Marek (2022). Warships of the Soviet Fleets 1939–1945. Vol. I: Major Combatants. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-68247-877-6.

October 19, 2023
russian, destroyer, gavriil, 1915, gavriil, russian, Гавриил, orfey, class, destroyer, russian, imperial, navy, destroyer, built, russo, baltic, yard, reval, tallinn, estonia, launching, january, 1915, completing, october, 1916, served, with, baltic, fleet, du. Gavriil Russian Gavriil was an Orfey class destroyer of the Russian Imperial Navy a The destroyer was built by the Russo Baltic Yard at Reval now Tallinn in Estonia launching on 5 January 1915 and completing in October 1916 She served with the Baltic Fleet during the remainder of the First World War and after the October Revolution joined the Bolshevik Red Fleet She was active during the Russian Civil War taking part in several engagements against British ships during the British campaign in the Baltic and was sunk by a mine on 21 October 1919 Gavriil in 1918HistoryRussian EmpireNameGavriilBuilderRusso Baltic Yard RevalLaunched5 January 1915FateJoined the Bolsheviks November 1917Soviet UnionAcquiredNovember 1917FateMined and sunk 21 October 1919General characteristicsClass and typeOrfey class destroyerDisplacement1 260 long tons 1 280 t Length98 0 m 321 ft 6 in Beam9 3 m 30 ft 6 in Draught3 0 m 9 ft 10 in Installed power30 000 shp 22 000 kW Propulsion2 shafts steam turbines 4 water tube boilersSpeed32 knots 59 km h 37 mph Complement150Armament4 single 102 mm 4 0 in guns 3 twin 457 mm 18 0 in torpedo tubes 50 mines Contents 1 Design and construction 2 Service 3 Notes 4 Citations 5 References 6 Further readingDesign and construction EditIn 1912 the Russian State Duma passed a shipbuilding programme for the Imperial Russian Navy that envisioned the construction of four battlecruisers eight cruisers 36 destroyers and 18 submarines mainly for the Baltic Fleet 1 2 To meet this requirement the Putilov Yard of Saint Petersburg proposed a modified version of the Derzky class destroyer to be built by Putilov the Metal Works of Saint Petersburg and the Russo Baltic Yard of Reval now Tallinn in Estonia An order for 22 destroyers to Putilov s design was placed with the three shipyards in December 1912 3 The Orfey class destroyers were 98 0 m 321 ft 6 in long with a beam of 9 3 m 30 ft 6 in and a draught of 3 0 m 9 ft 10 in Displacement was 1 260 long tons 1 280 t normal 4 Four Vulkan water tube boilers fed steam at 17 atm 250 psi 1 700 kPa to AEG steam turbines that drove two propeller shafts 4 5 The machinery was rated at 30 000 shp 22 000 kW b giving a speed of 32 knots 59 km h 37 mph 4 The ships were originally designed to carry an armament of two 102 millimetre 4 0 in guns and four triple 450 mm 18 in torpedo tubes but during construction the Russian Naval Staff decided to strengthen the gun armament replacing one set of torpedo tubes with two more 102 mm guns One 40 mm 1 6 in anti aircraft gun was fitted while 50 mines could be carried The ships had a crew of 150 6 Gavriil was laid down on 8 December 1913 24 November 1913 Old Style 7 at the Russo Baltic Works Reval shipyard was launched on 5 January 1915 3 and completed on 7 October 1916 5 Service EditGavriil took part in the Battle of Moon Sound in October November 1917 7 8 On hearing of the October Revolution after return to port Gavriil s crew sided with the Bolsheviks 7 Gavriil served with the Active Squadron of the Red Fleet in 1919 3 although fuel for operations was limited 9 On 18 May 1919 Gavriil was escorting four minesweepers which had sortied from Kronstadt when the Russian force was spotted by the British cruiser Cleopatra flagship of Rear Admiral Walter Cowan commander of British naval forces in the Baltic Cleopatra and the British destroyers Shakespeare Scout and Walker set out in pursuit of the Russian ships while Gavriil engaged the British ships to allow the slower minesweepers to escape Gavriil was damaged by near misses from the British ships which were unharmed as Gavriil s guns did not have the range to reach the British but the British broke off the engagement when they drew near Russian minefields and came under fire from Russian shore batteries 10 On 2 June 1919 Gavriil and the destroyer Azard were engaged by the British destroyers Vivacious and Voyager across a minefield with no damage occurring A similar exchange of fire occurred on 4 June between Gavriil and Azard on the Russian side and the destroyers Versatile Vivacious and Walker with the Russian battleship Petropavlovsk providing distant support to the Russian destroyers Shortly after this exchange of fire the British submarine L55 attempted a torpedo attack against the two Russian destroyers but broke surface after the attack and was hit by a shell from Gavriil and sunk possibly after striking a mine with all hands 11 7 On the evening of 9 June 1919 Gavriil and Azard attacked British ships watching Kronstadt firing 80 shells at the British destroyers Versatile Vivacious and Walrus before withdrawing No ships on either side was damaged 12 On 13 June the forts of Krasnaya Gorka and Grey Horse on the South side of Petrograd Bay revolted against the Bolsheviks and from 16 June units of the Red Fleet bombarded these forts 13 Gavriil supported these bombardment operations 7 On the night of 17 18 August 1919 seven British Coastal Motor Boats CMBs attacked Kronstadt Gavriil which was anchored outside the entrance to Kronstadt harbour was targeted by CMB24 but the British boat s torpedo ran too deep and passed underneath the Russian destroyer Gavriil s return fire quickly sank CMB24 but could not stop the remainder of the British force from entering the harbour where they sank the submarine depot ship Pamiat Azova and damaging the battleship Andrei Pervozvanny One CMB CMB79 was sunk by a collision with CMB62 On leaving the harbour CMB62 launched its torpedoes at Gavriil but they too ran too deep and missed and Gavrill s gunfire sank CMB62 c 15 On the morning of 21 October 1919 Gavriil and the destroyers Azard Konstantin and Svoboda set out from Kronstadt to lay a minefield in Koporye Bay to deter British ships supporting Estonian troops advancing on Petrograd but ran into a British minefield Gavriil leading the destroyers was the first to strike a mine at 05 48 and sank after twenty minutes Konstantin and Svoboda were sunk by mines within minutes with only Azard at the rear of the formation escaping unharmed Only 25 of the crew of the three sunken destroyers were rescued with nineteen of those sailors from Gavriil who had escaped by boat 16 with 285 killed 17 18 Some sources state that the sortie was an attempt by the destroyer s crews to defect to the British 18 19 Notes Edit Sometimes also described as the name ship of the Gavriil class 36 000 40 000 PS 36 000 39 000 shp 26 000 29 000 kW according to Fock 5 The Russians credited Gavriil with sinking three CMBs 14 Citations Edit Budzbon 1985 p 291 Halpern 1994 p 17 a b c Budzbon 1985 p 310 a b c Budzbon 1985 p 309 a b c Fock 1989 p 192 Budzbon 1985 pp 309 310 a b c d e Ammon G A Berezhnoy S S 1981 Eskadrennyj minonosec Gavriil Squadron destroyer Gabriel Geroicheskie korabli rossijskogo i sovetskogo Voenno Morskogo Flota Heroic ships of the Russian and Soviet Navy Voenizdat Retrieved 6 April 2020 Fock 1989 p 403 Bennett 2002 p 82 Bennett 2002 pp 110 111 Bennett 2002 pp 119 121 Bennett 2002 p 121 Bennett 2002 pp 124 125 Bennett 2002 p 156 Bennett 2002 pp 148 156 Chernyshev 2011 p 117 Bennett 2002 pp 181 182 a b Poukov A 1939 Krasnyj Baltijskij flot i oborona Petrograda osenyu 1919 g Tragicheskaya gibel treh esmincev Krasnogo Baltijskogo flota v noch na 21 oktyabrya 1919 g The Red Baltic Fleet and the Defense of Petrograd in the autumn of 1919 The tragic death of three destroyers of the Red Baltic Fleet on the night of October 21 1919 Baltijskij flot v oborone Petrograda 1919 god The Baltic Fleet is in defense of Petrograd 1919 oenmorizdat NKVMF SSSR Retrieved 7 April 2020 Russian Bolshevik Waters 1919 Royal Navy Operations in Outline Naval history net 4 September 2011 Retrieved 7 April 2020 References EditBennett Geoffrey 2002 Freeing the Baltic Edinburgh Birlinn ISBN 1 84341 001 X Budzbon Przemyslaw 1985 Russia In Gray Randal ed Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1906 1921 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press pp 291 325 ISBN 0 85177 245 5 Chernyshev Alexander 2011 Russkie superesmincy Legendarnye Noviki Russian Superdestroyers Legendary Noviks in Russian 2nd ed Moscow Yauza Eksmo ISBN 978 5 699 53144 8 Fock Harald 1989 Z Vor Internationale Entwicklung und Kriegseinsatze von Zerstorern und Torpedobooten 1914 bis 1939 Herford Germany Koelers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH ISBN 3 7822 0207 4 Halpern Paul G 1994 A Naval History of World War I London UCL Press ISBN 1 85728 498 4 Further reading EditBudzbon Przemyslaw Radziemski Jan amp Twardowski Marek 2022 Warships of the Soviet Fleets 1939 1945 Vol I Major Combatants Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 978 1 68247 877 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Russian destroyer Gavriil 1915 amp oldid 1173301825, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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