The Rumsen (also known as Rumsien, San Carlos Costanoan, and Carmeleno) are one of eight groups of the Ohlone, an indigenous people of California. Their historical territory included coastal and inland areas within what is now Monterey County, California, including the Monterey Peninsula.[1] Today, like other Ohlone, Rumsen do not have federal recognition but continue to sustain their culture and community presence in central California. This is despite the fact the Rumsen signed a treaty with the United States: the Treaty of Camp Belt, signed May 13, 1851. The treaty was then taken to Washington DC and hidden for 30 years while the US government attempted to learn if the land and water sources they "gave" to these tribes had gold in their streams or rivers.[citation needed]
The Rumsen tribe held the lower Carmel River Valley and neighboring Monterey Peninsula at the time of Spanish colonization. Their population of approximately 400 to 500 people was distributed among at least five villages within their territory.[2] An early 20th-century mapping of a specific village called Rumsen on the Carmel River, several miles inland from the Mission in Carmel, may or may not be accurate.[3] Mission registers indicate that "Tucutnut", about three miles upstream from the mouth of the Carmel River, was the largest village of the Rumsen local tribe.[4]
History
Rumsen individuals lined up at Mission San Carlos Borroméo de Carmelo
The Rumsen were the first Costanoan people to be seen and documented by the Spanish explorers of Northern California, as noted by Sebastian Vizcaíno when he reached Monterey in 1602. Since this first Spanish contact, Manila galleons may have occasionally ventured up the California coastline and stopped in Monterey Bay between 1602 and 1769.[5][6]
Graves of the Rumsen who died at Mission San Carlos Borroméo de Carmelo
During the era of Spanish missions in California, the Rumsen people's lives changed when the Spaniards came from the south to build the Mission San Carlos Borroméo de Carmelo and the Monterey Presidio in their territory. The baptism of many was coerced between 1771 and 1808. Once baptized, the Rumsen people were enslaved and forced to live in the mission village and its surrounding ranches. They were taught as Catholic neophytes, also known as Mission Indians, until the missions were secularized (discontinued) by the Mexican Government in 1834. Some Mission San Carlos Indian people were formally deeded plots upon secularization, only to have those plots stolen during the Rancho Period.[7]
At least since the mission era, the people of the Esselen Nation claim close association with the Rumsen Ohlone, through Mission integration and intermarriage.
Rumsen-speaking tribes and heritage
Dialects of the Rumsen language were spoken by four independent local tribes, including the Rumsen themselves, the Ensen of the Salinas vicinity, the Calendaruc of the central shoreline of Monterey Bay, and the Sargentaruc of the Big Sur Coast. The territory of the language group was bordered by Monterey Bay and the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Awaswas Ohlone to the north, the Mutsun Ohlone to the east, the Chalon Ohlone on the southeast, and the Esselen to the south.[4]
Linda Yamane is an Ohlone scholar and basket weaver who traces her heritage to the Rumsen Ohlone. She has spent more than 30 years researching and reviving Rumsen language, stories, songs, basketry, and other Ohlone cultural traditions.[8]
^Breschini, Gary S.; Haversat, Trudy (1994). "Rumsen Seasonality and Population Dynamics". In Lowell J. Bean (ed.). The Ohlone Past and Present. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press. pp. 183–197.
^Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Washington, D.C: Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. (Map of villages, page 465)
^ abMilliken, Randall (1987). Ethnohistory of the Rumsen. Papers in Northern California Anthropology, No. 2. Salinas, CA: Coyote Press.
^Teixeira, Lauren (1997). The Costanoan/Ohlone Indians of the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Area, A Research Guide. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication. p. 15. ISBN0-87919-141-4.
^Hackel, Steven W. (2005). Children of Coyote, Missionaries of Saint Francis: Indian-Spanish Relations in Colonial California, 1769-1850. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN0-8078-2988-9.
Hinton, Leanne (2001). "The Ohlone Languages". The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice. Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 425–432. ISBN0-12-349354-4.
Levy, Richard (1978). Robert F. Heizer, William C. Sturtevant (ed.). Costanoan. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 8 (California). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 485–495. ISBN0-16-004578-9.
rumsen, people, rumsen, also, known, rumsien, carlos, costanoan, carmeleno, eight, groups, ohlone, indigenous, people, california, their, historical, territory, included, coastal, inland, areas, within, what, monterey, county, california, including, monterey, . The Rumsen also known as Rumsien San Carlos Costanoan and Carmeleno are one of eight groups of the Ohlone an indigenous people of California Their historical territory included coastal and inland areas within what is now Monterey County California including the Monterey Peninsula 1 Today like other Ohlone Rumsen do not have federal recognition but continue to sustain their culture and community presence in central California This is despite the fact the Rumsen signed a treaty with the United States the Treaty of Camp Belt signed May 13 1851 The treaty was then taken to Washington DC and hidden for 30 years while the US government attempted to learn if the land and water sources they gave to these tribes had gold in their streams or rivers citation needed Omesia Teyoc a Rumsen woman born and baptized at Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Contents 1 Territory 2 History 3 Rumsen speaking tribes and heritage 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksTerritory EditThe Rumsen historically shared a common language Rumsen which was spoken from the Pajaro River to Point Sur and on the lower courses of the Pajaro as well as on the Salinas and Carmel Rivers and the region of the present day cities of Salinas Monterey and Carmel Valley The Rumsen tribe held the lower Carmel River Valley and neighboring Monterey Peninsula at the time of Spanish colonization Their population of approximately 400 to 500 people was distributed among at least five villages within their territory 2 An early 20th century mapping of a specific village called Rumsen on the Carmel River several miles inland from the Mission in Carmel may or may not be accurate 3 Mission registers indicate that Tucutnut about three miles upstream from the mouth of the Carmel River was the largest village of the Rumsen local tribe 4 History Edit Rumsen individuals lined up at Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo The Rumsen were the first Costanoan people to be seen and documented by the Spanish explorers of Northern California as noted by Sebastian Vizcaino when he reached Monterey in 1602 Since this first Spanish contact Manila galleons may have occasionally ventured up the California coastline and stopped in Monterey Bay between 1602 and 1769 5 6 Graves of the Rumsen who died at Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo During the era of Spanish missions in California the Rumsen people s lives changed when the Spaniards came from the south to build the Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo and the Monterey Presidio in their territory The baptism of many was coerced between 1771 and 1808 Once baptized the Rumsen people were enslaved and forced to live in the mission village and its surrounding ranches They were taught as Catholic neophytes also known as Mission Indians until the missions were secularized discontinued by the Mexican Government in 1834 Some Mission San Carlos Indian people were formally deeded plots upon secularization only to have those plots stolen during the Rancho Period 7 At least since the mission era the people of the Esselen Nation claim close association with the Rumsen Ohlone through Mission integration and intermarriage Rumsen speaking tribes and heritage EditDialects of the Rumsen language were spoken by four independent local tribes including the Rumsen themselves the Ensen of the Salinas vicinity the Calendaruc of the central shoreline of Monterey Bay and the Sargentaruc of the Big Sur Coast The territory of the language group was bordered by Monterey Bay and the Pacific Ocean to the west the Awaswas Ohlone to the north the Mutsun Ohlone to the east the Chalon Ohlone on the southeast and the Esselen to the south 4 Linda Yamane is an Ohlone scholar and basket weaver who traces her heritage to the Rumsen Ohlone She has spent more than 30 years researching and reviving Rumsen language stories songs basketry and other Ohlone cultural traditions 8 See also EditOhlone tribes and villages in the Monterey Bay Area Ohlone HistoryNotes Edit Levy amp 1978 485 sfnp error no target CITEREFLevy1978485 help Breschini Gary S Haversat Trudy 1994 Rumsen Seasonality and Population Dynamics In Lowell J Bean ed The Ohlone Past and Present Menlo Park CA Ballena Press pp 183 197 Kroeber Alfred L 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California Washington D C Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No 78 Map of villages page 465 a b Milliken Randall 1987 Ethnohistory of the Rumsen Papers in Northern California Anthropology No 2 Salinas CA Coyote Press Levy amp 1978 486 sfnp error no target CITEREFLevy1978486 help Teixeira Lauren 1997 The Costanoan Ohlone Indians of the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Area A Research Guide Menlo Park CA Ballena Press Publication p 15 ISBN 0 87919 141 4 Hackel Steven W 2005 Children of Coyote Missionaries of Saint Francis Indian Spanish Relations in Colonial California 1769 1850 University of North Carolina Press ISBN 0 8078 2988 9 Linda YamaneReferences EditHinton Leanne 2001 The Ohlone Languages The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice Emerald Group Publishing pp 425 432 ISBN 0 12 349354 4 Levy Richard 1978 Robert F Heizer William C Sturtevant ed Costanoan Handbook of North American Indians Vol 8 California Washington DC Smithsonian Institution pp 485 495 ISBN 0 16 004578 9 External links EditCostanoan Rumsen Chino Tribe Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation tribal website Rumsen Southern Ohlone sound recordings Collections Search Center Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2012 07 20 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rumsen people amp oldid 1127474042, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
