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Kjellén completed gymnasium in Skara in 1880 and matriculated at Uppsala University the same year. He completed his PhD in Uppsala in 1891 and was a docent there from 1890 to 1893. He also taught at Gothenburg University from 1891 and was professor of political sciences and statistics there from 1901 until he received the prestigious Skyttean professorship of Eloquence and Government in Uppsala in 1916.
A conservative politician, he was a member of the Second Chamber of the Parliament of Sweden from 1905 to 1908 and of its First Chamber from 1911 to 1917.
Kjellén was Ratzel's student and would further elaborate on organic state theory, coining the term "geopolitics" in the process. He was also influenced by John Robert Seeley and Heinrich von Treitschke, who were advocates of imperialism.
The basics of his ideas were presented in 1900 in the book Introduction to Sweden's Geography (based on lectures at Gothenburg University). Kjellén's book Staten som lifsform, published in 1916, is generally regarded as his most important book on the theory of the state. According to the historian and political scientist Peter Davidsen, the book asserts that states consist of five elements that should be studied by five political-scientific disciplines:
The state as a realm or territory should be studied by geopolitics (pp. 39–75).
The state as a people should be studied by demopolitics (pp. 76–124).
The state as an economy should be studied by eco-politics (pp. 125–137).
The state as a society should be studied by sociopolitics (pp. 137–147).
The state as a government should be studied by crato-politics (pp. 147–160).[1]
Kjellén disputed the solely legalistic characterization of states and argued that state and society are not opposites but a synthesis of the two elements. The state has a responsibility for law and order but also for social welfare/progress, and economic welfare/progress.
Autarky for Kjellén was a solution to a political problem, not an economic policy in itself. Dependence on imports meant that a country was not economically self-sufficient.
InfluenceEdit
General Karl Haushofer, who would adopt many of Kjellén's ideas, was not interested in economic policy but would advocate autarky as well; a nation constantly in struggle would demand self-sufficiency.
^Davidsen, Peter (2021). The emancipation of political science: Contextualizing the state theory of Rudolf Kjellén, 1899–1922. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. pp. 259–365. ISBN978-951-51-7723-0.
SourcesEdit
Dorpalen, Andreas. The World of General Haushofer. Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., New York: 1984.
Kjellén, Rudolf, Die Grossmaechte der Gegenwart. Leipzig, Berlin, 1914.
Kjellén, Rudolf, Die politische Probleme des Weltkrieges. Leipzig, 1916.
Kjellén, Rudolf, Staten som lifsform. Stockholm, 1916.
Kjellén, Rudolf, Der Staat als Lebensform. Leipzig, 1917.
Kjellén, Rudolf, Die Grossmaechte vor und nach dem Weltkriege. Leipzig, Berlin, 1930.
Mattern, Johannes. Geopolitik: Doctrine of National Self-Sufficiency and Empire. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore: 1942.
Tunander, Ola. 'Swedish-German Geopolitics for a New Century – Rudolf Kjellén's ‘The State as a Living Organism’, Review of International Studies, vol. 27, no. 3, 2001.
Further readingEdit
Davidsen, Peter (2021). The Emancipation of Political Science: Contextualizing the State Theory of Rudolf Kjellén, 1899–1922 (PhD thesis). University of Helsinki. ISBN978-951-51-7723-0.
rudolf, kjellén, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, swedish, september, . This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Swedish September 2019 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Swedish Wikipedia article at sv Rudolf Kjellen see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated sv Rudolf Kjellen to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Johan Rudolf Kjellen Swedish ˈrʉːdɔlf ɕɛˈleːn 13 June 1864 in Torso 14 November 1922 in Uppsala was a Swedish political scientist geographer and politician who first coined the term geopolitics His work was influenced by Friedrich Ratzel Along with Alexander von Humboldt Carl Ritter and Ratzel Kjellen would lay the foundations for the German Geopolitik that would later be espoused prominently by General Karl Haushofer Rudolf Kjellen 1864 1922Kjellen completed gymnasium in Skara in 1880 and matriculated at Uppsala University the same year He completed his PhD in Uppsala in 1891 and was a docent there from 1890 to 1893 He also taught at Gothenburg University from 1891 and was professor of political sciences and statistics there from 1901 until he received the prestigious Skyttean professorship of Eloquence and Government in Uppsala in 1916 A conservative politician he was a member of the Second Chamber of the Parliament of Sweden from 1905 to 1908 and of its First Chamber from 1911 to 1917 Contents 1 Ideas 2 Influence 3 See also 4 References 5 Sources 6 Further reading 7 External linksIdeas EditKjellen was Ratzel s student and would further elaborate on organic state theory coining the term geopolitics in the process He was also influenced by John Robert Seeley and Heinrich von Treitschke who were advocates of imperialism The basics of his ideas were presented in 1900 in the book Introduction to Sweden s Geography based on lectures at Gothenburg University Kjellen s book Staten som lifsform published in 1916 is generally regarded as his most important book on the theory of the state According to the historian and political scientist Peter Davidsen the book asserts that states consist of five elements that should be studied by five political scientific disciplines The state as a realm or territory should be studied by geopolitics pp 39 75 The state as a people should be studied by demopolitics pp 76 124 The state as an economy should be studied by eco politics pp 125 137 The state as a society should be studied by sociopolitics pp 137 147 The state as a government should be studied by crato politics pp 147 160 1 Kjellen disputed the solely legalistic characterization of states and argued that state and society are not opposites but a synthesis of the two elements The state has a responsibility for law and order but also for social welfare progress and economic welfare progress Autarky for Kjellen was a solution to a political problem not an economic policy in itself Dependence on imports meant that a country was not economically self sufficient Influence EditGeneral Karl Haushofer who would adopt many of Kjellen s ideas was not interested in economic policy but would advocate autarky as well a nation constantly in struggle would demand self sufficiency Kjellen also but after Maurice Barres and numerous national socialist parties such as the Czech National Social Party was an early user of the term national socialism in 1910 His terminology took form in the Swedish postwar welfare state Folkhemmet a term that he coined which was largely inspired by the social reform minded conservatism of Otto von Bismarck s Germany citation needed Geopolitics was revived in the United States by Zbigniew Brzezinski Henry Kissinger and Robert Kaplan See also EditBiopoliticsReferences Edit Davidsen Peter 2021 The emancipation of political science Contextualizing the state theory of Rudolf Kjellen 1899 1922 Helsinki University of Helsinki pp 259 365 ISBN 978 951 51 7723 0 Sources EditDorpalen Andreas The World of General Haushofer Farrar amp Rinehart Inc New York 1984 Kjellen Rudolf Die Grossmaechte der Gegenwart Leipzig Berlin 1914 Kjellen Rudolf Die politische Probleme des Weltkrieges Leipzig 1916 Kjellen Rudolf Staten som lifsform Stockholm 1916 Kjellen Rudolf Der Staat als Lebensform Leipzig 1917 Kjellen Rudolf Die Grossmaechte vor und nach dem Weltkriege Leipzig Berlin 1930 Mattern Johannes Geopolitik Doctrine of National Self Sufficiency and Empire The Johns Hopkins Press Baltimore 1942 Tunander Ola Swedish German Geopolitics for a New Century Rudolf Kjellen s The State as a Living Organism Review of International Studies vol 27 no 3 2001 Further reading EditDavidsen Peter 2021 The Emancipation of Political Science Contextualizing the State Theory of Rudolf Kjellen 1899 1922 PhD thesis University of Helsinki ISBN 978 951 51 7723 0 External links EditNewspaper clippings about Rudolf Kjellen in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rudolf Kjellen amp oldid 1169547694, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
