Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular courses.[1][2] It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar. Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt.
Section of wall faced with dressed stone (ashlar) with rubble masonry fill
Square rubble masonry consists of stones that are dressed (squared on all joints and beds) before laying,[citation needed] set in mortar, and make up the outer surface of a wall.
HistoryEdit
Irregular rubble, or sack, masonry evolved from embankments covered with boards, stones or bricks. That outer surface was used to give the embankment greater strength and make it more difficult for enemies to climb. The Sadd el-Khafara dam, in Wadi Al-Garawi near Helwan in Egypt, which is 14 meters high and built in rubble masonry, dates back to 2900 - 2600 BC [3]
The Greeks called the construction technique emplekton[4][5] and made particular use of it in the construction of the defensive walls of their poleis.
The Romans made extensive use of rubble masonry, calling it opus caementicium, because caementicium was the name given to the filling between the two revetments. The technique continued to be used over the centuries, as evidenced by the constructions of defensive walls and large works during medieval times.
Modern construction frequently uses cast concrete with an internal steel reinforcement. That allows for greater elasticity, as well as providing excellent static and seismic resistance, and preserves the unity between shape and structure typical of buildings with external load-bearing walls. All the structural elements can be linked to any rubble walls thus created, freeing the internal spaces from excessive constraints.[6]
See alsoEdit
Snecked masonry - Masonry made of mixed sizes of stone but in regular courses.
Wattle and daub - Conceptually analogous to rubble within ashlar in the sense that a frame is filled in with a filler material.
rubble, masonry, rubble, stone, rough, uneven, building, stone, laid, regular, courses, fill, core, wall, which, faced, with, unit, masonry, such, brick, ashlar, some, medieval, cathedral, walls, have, outer, shells, ashlar, with, inner, backfill, mortarless, . Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough uneven building stone not laid in regular courses 1 2 It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt Section of wall faced with dressed stone ashlar with rubble masonry fill Contents 1 Square rubble masonry 2 History 3 See also 4 Gallery 5 ReferencesSquare rubble masonry EditSquare rubble masonry consists of stones that are dressed squared on all joints and beds before laying citation needed set in mortar and make up the outer surface of a wall History EditIrregular rubble or sack masonry evolved from embankments covered with boards stones or bricks That outer surface was used to give the embankment greater strength and make it more difficult for enemies to climb The Sadd el Khafara dam in Wadi Al Garawi near Helwan in Egypt which is 14 meters high and built in rubble masonry dates back to 2900 2600 BC 3 The Greeks called the construction technique emplekton 4 5 and made particular use of it in the construction of the defensive walls of their poleis The Romans made extensive use of rubble masonry calling it opus caementicium because caementicium was the name given to the filling between the two revetments The technique continued to be used over the centuries as evidenced by the constructions of defensive walls and large works during medieval times Modern construction frequently uses cast concrete with an internal steel reinforcement That allows for greater elasticity as well as providing excellent static and seismic resistance and preserves the unity between shape and structure typical of buildings with external load bearing walls All the structural elements can be linked to any rubble walls thus created freeing the internal spaces from excessive constraints 6 See also EditSnecked masonry Masonry made of mixed sizes of stone but in regular courses Wattle and daub Conceptually analogous to rubble within ashlar in the sense that a frame is filled in with a filler material Gallery Edit nbsp The wall at Grave Circle A Helladic cemetery of Mycenae Greece 16th century BCE nbsp Rubble masonry core of the unfinished Alai Minar in the Qutb complex India c 1316 CEReferences Edit A Dictionary of Architecture Fleming Honour amp Pevsner Rubble masonry Encyclpedia Britannica Retrieved 23 March 2023 Robert B Jansen Advanced dam engineering for design construction and rehabilitation Edited by RObert B Jansen Springer 1988 RA Tomlinson Emplekton Masonry and Greek Structura The Journal of Hellenic Studies Vol 81 1961 pp 133 140 Nic Fields amp Brian Delf Ancient Greek fortifications 500 300 BC Osprey Publishing 2006 A Acocella The architecture of brick facing Rome 1989 nbsp This architecture related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rubble masonry amp oldid 1163120168, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
