This article is about structures used in erosion control and fortifications. For other uses, see Revetment (disambiguation).
A revetment in stream restoration, river engineering or coastal engineering is a facing of impact-resistant material (such as stone, concrete, sandbags, or wooden piles) applied to a bank or wall in order to absorb the energy of incoming water and protect it from erosion. River or coastal revetments are usually built to preserve the existing uses of the shoreline and to protect the slope.
Asphalt and sandbag revetment with a geotextile filter
In military engineering it is a structure formed to secure an area from artillery, bombing, or stored explosives.
Many revetments are used to line the banks of freshwater rivers, lakes, and man-made reservoirs, especially to prevent damage during periods of floods or heavy seasonal rains (see riprap). Many materials may be used: wooden piles, loose-piled boulders[1] or concrete shapes,[2] or more solid banks.
Concrete revetments are the most common type of infrastructure used to control the Mississippi River.[3] More than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of concrete matting has been placed in river bends between Cairo, Illinois and the Gulf of Mexico to slow the natural erosion that would otherwise frequently change small parts of the river's course.[3]
Wooden revetmentsDynamic revetment Cape Lookout State Park Oregon
Revetments are used as a low-cost solution for coastal erosion defense in areas where crashing waves may otherwise deplete the coastline.
Wooden revetments are made of planks laid against wooden frames so that they disrupt the force of the water. Although once popular, the use of wooden revetments has largely been replaced by modern concrete-based defense structures such as tetrapods. In the 1730s, wooden revetments protecting dikes in the Netherlands were phased out due to the spread of shipworm infestations.[4]
Dynamic revetments use gravel or cobble-sized rocks to mimic a natural cobble beach for the purpose of reducing wave energy and stopping or slowing coastal erosion.[5] Unlike solid structures, dynamic revetments are designed to allow wave action to rearrange the stones into an equilibrium profile, disrupting wave action and dissipating wave energy as the cobbles move. This can reduce the wave reflection which often contributes to beach scouring.[6][7]
In coastal engineering, a tetrapod is a four-legged concrete structure used as armour unit on breakwaters. The tetrapod's shape is designed to dissipate the force of incoming waves by allowing water to flow around rather than against it, and to reduce displacement by allowing a random distribution of tetrapods to mutually interlock.
Fortifications
World War I: British diagram for the construction of revetted trenches - the revetment here is the part forward of the standing soldier.
According to the U.S. National Park Service, and referring mostly to their employment in the American Civil War, a revetment is defined as a "retaining wall constructed to support the interior slope of a parapet. Made of logs, wood planks, fence rails, fascines, gabions, hurdles, sods, or stones, the revetment provided additional protection from enemy fire, and, most importantly, kept the interior slope nearly vertical. Stone revetments commonly survive. A few log revetments have been preserved due to high resin pine or cypress and porous sandy soils. After an entrenchment was abandoned, many log or rail revetments were scavenged for other uses, causing the interior slope to slump more quickly. An interior slope will appear more vertical if the parapet eroded with the revetment still in place."[8]
^ ab"The struggle to control the Mississippi can help us understand the U.S." Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
^"Molluscan Explosion: The Dutch Shipworm Epidemic of the 1730s". 16 August 2015.
^Dan Hammock (April 20, 2019). "Dynamic revetment revealed as top choice for North Cove shoreline preservation". Daily World.
^ John P. Ahrens (1990). "Dynamic Revetments". Coastal Engineering 1990. 22nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering. pp. 1837–1850. doi:10.1061/9780872627765.140. ISBN9780872627765.
^Jonathan C. Allan; Ron Geitgey; Roger Hart (August 2005). "Dynamic Revetments for Coastal Erosion in Oregon Final Report SPR 620" (PDF). Oregon Department of Transportation Research Unit.
^U.S. National Park Service. . Archived from the original on 2012-10-20. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Revetments.
Fortifications
Pisa Revetment
Gabion Revetment
River and levee management
EPA - River Bend Project
US DOT - Design of Riprap Revetment
August 23, 2023
revetment, this, article, about, structures, used, erosion, control, fortifications, other, uses, disambiguation, revetment, stream, restoration, river, engineering, coastal, engineering, facing, impact, resistant, material, such, stone, concrete, sandbags, wo. This article is about structures used in erosion control and fortifications For other uses see Revetment disambiguation A revetment in stream restoration river engineering or coastal engineering is a facing of impact resistant material such as stone concrete sandbags or wooden piles applied to a bank or wall in order to absorb the energy of incoming water and protect it from erosion River or coastal revetments are usually built to preserve the existing uses of the shoreline and to protect the slope Asphalt and sandbag revetment with a geotextile filterIn military engineering it is a structure formed to secure an area from artillery bombing or stored explosives Contents 1 Freshwater revetments 2 Revetments as coastal defence 3 Tetrapods 4 Fortifications 5 See also 6 References 7 External links 7 1 Fortifications 7 2 River and levee managementFreshwater revetments EditMany revetments are used to line the banks of freshwater rivers lakes and man made reservoirs especially to prevent damage during periods of floods or heavy seasonal rains see riprap Many materials may be used wooden piles loose piled boulders 1 or concrete shapes 2 or more solid banks Concrete revetments are the most common type of infrastructure used to control the Mississippi River 3 More than 1 000 miles 1 600 km of concrete matting has been placed in river bends between Cairo Illinois and the Gulf of Mexico to slow the natural erosion that would otherwise frequently change small parts of the river s course 3 Rock armour revetments Revetment along Oples River Liliw Laguna Revetments as coastal defence Edit Wooden revetments Dynamic revetment Cape Lookout State Park OregonRevetments are used as a low cost solution for coastal erosion defense in areas where crashing waves may otherwise deplete the coastline Wooden revetments are made of planks laid against wooden frames so that they disrupt the force of the water Although once popular the use of wooden revetments has largely been replaced by modern concrete based defense structures such as tetrapods In the 1730s wooden revetments protecting dikes in the Netherlands were phased out due to the spread of shipworm infestations 4 Dynamic revetments use gravel or cobble sized rocks to mimic a natural cobble beach for the purpose of reducing wave energy and stopping or slowing coastal erosion 5 Unlike solid structures dynamic revetments are designed to allow wave action to rearrange the stones into an equilibrium profile disrupting wave action and dissipating wave energy as the cobbles move This can reduce the wave reflection which often contributes to beach scouring 6 7 Tetrapods Edit Tetrapod revetment along the waterfront at MumbaiMain article Tetrapod structure In coastal engineering a tetrapod is a four legged concrete structure used as armour unit on breakwaters The tetrapod s shape is designed to dissipate the force of incoming waves by allowing water to flow around rather than against it and to reduce displacement by allowing a random distribution of tetrapods to mutually interlock Fortifications Edit World War I British diagram for the construction of revetted trenches the revetment here is the part forward of the standing soldier According to the U S National Park Service and referring mostly to their employment in the American Civil War a revetment is defined as a retaining wall constructed to support the interior slope of a parapet Made of logs wood planks fence rails fascines gabions hurdles sods or stones the revetment provided additional protection from enemy fire and most importantly kept the interior slope nearly vertical Stone revetments commonly survive A few log revetments have been preserved due to high resin pine or cypress and porous sandy soils After an entrenchment was abandoned many log or rail revetments were scavenged for other uses causing the interior slope to slump more quickly An interior slope will appear more vertical if the parapet eroded with the revetment still in place 8 See also EditRevetment aircraft Parking space for aircraft separated by blast walls Riparian zone Interface between land and a river or stream Riparian zone restoration Ecological restoration of river banks and floodplains Seawall Form of coastal defence Riprap Rock or concrete protective armourReferences Edit Lake Ontario Riparian Alliance Stone Revetments Frequently Asked Questions Archived 2018 09 30 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2009 05 25 Concrete shaped revetments Archived 2009 01 23 at the Wayback Machine a b The struggle to control the Mississippi can help us understand the U S Washington Post Retrieved 2018 05 18 Molluscan Explosion The Dutch Shipworm Epidemic of the 1730s 16 August 2015 Dan Hammock April 20 2019 Dynamic revetment revealed as top choice for North Cove shoreline preservation Daily World John P Ahrens 1990 Dynamic Revetments Coastal Engineering 1990 22nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering pp 1837 1850 doi 10 1061 9780872627765 140 ISBN 9780872627765 Jonathan C Allan Ron Geitgey Roger Hart August 2005 Dynamic Revetments for Coastal Erosion in Oregon Final Report SPR 620 PDF Oregon Department of Transportation Research Unit U S National Park Service Military Earthworks Terms Archived from the original on 2012 10 20 Retrieved 2009 05 25 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Revetments Fortifications Edit Pisa Revetment Gabion RevetmentRiver and levee management Edit EPA River Bend Project Levee and Revetment Routine Maintenance US DOT Design of Riprap Revetment Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Revetment amp oldid 1154276939, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
