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Royal Gazette (Thailand)

January 01, 1970

The Royal Gazette[4][5][6][7] (Thai: ราชกิจจานุเบกษา; RTGS: Ratchakitchanubeksa) is the official journal of Thailand (formerly Siam).[2]

Royal Gazette

The gazette dated 1 June 1908, in which the Siamese Penal Code, the first modern legal code of the country, was published
TypeGovernment gazette
FormatPrint and electronic
Owner(s)Government of Thailand
Founder(s)Mongkut[1]
PublisherSecretariat of the Cabinet[2]
Founded15 March 1858; 166 years ago (1858-03-15)[3]
LanguageThai
CityBangkok
CountryThailand
Websiteratchakitcha.soc.go.th

The gazette was first published in 1858 at the behest of King Mongkut (Rama IV) as a channel for his government to communicate its information to the public, especially in regard to the issuance of laws.[1] Laws enacted by the Thai government are required to be published in this gazette in order to take effect.[8]

The gazette is the first locally produced journal of Thailand,[9] the first journal of the Thai government,[10] and the oldest Thai journal still in publication.[11]

As of 2023, the gazette is only published online[12] and is available in print format in limited copies only for archival purposes.[13]

Name edit

The Thai name of the gazette, Ratchakitchanubeksa, was coined by King Mongkut and means "for looking into royal works".[11][10]

History edit

The gazette was first issued by an announcement of King Mongkut dated 15 March 1858.[11][2][3][9] According to the announcement, this gazette was intended to convey information from the government to the public, in order to prevent incorrect rumours which might affect the "governmental affairs" and the "dignity of the Country".[11] Some scholars, including Manit Suksomjit, believe that the initiation of the gazette was driven by the information previously published by American missionary Dan Beach Bradley in the Bangkok Recorder and considered "inaccurate" by King Mongkut.[1]

King Mongkut himself served as the producer and editor-in-chief of the gazette.[1] The king also had a printing office erected near his residential hall Phanumat Chamrun (Thai: ภาณุมาศจำรูญ) within the Grand Palace, Bangkok, particularly for printing this gazette.[9] The office was under an independent department, called Akson Phimphakan (Thai: อักษรพิมพการ), to which the king directly appointed a director general.[14] At that time, the gazette was issued every 15 days and was free of charge.[10] The gazette was discontinued after having been in publication for merely around one year.[10]

Later, King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) revived the gazette on 17 May 1874.[10] This time, the gazette was published once every week and was sold at 8 baht per year, as the king deemed that free distribution resulted in the gazette being underrated.[10] The fees collected were forwarded to the royal treasury.[15] However, Akson Phimphakan revealed that only few people were willing to spend their money on the gazette, stating that, of over 500 copies published, only 50–60 were taken, and this caused it to feel like "wasting its efforts producing [the gazette]".[16] The gazette was again discontinued after five years in publication.[10] The last issue was dated 7 March 1880.[17]

King Chulalongkorn again revived the gazette on 8 September 1881[17] and had it published every Sunday.[18] The king also turned the independent department Akson Phimphakan into a subsidiary of the Royal Scribal Department.[14] But due to excessive workload of its staff, the gazette was again discontinued after having been published for a while, and the king again revived it on 28 December 1884, announcing that, this time, he intended to "allow no interruption as before".[19] After a series of publicity to solicit readers,[16][20][21] the gazette gained a greater number of subscribers that, in 1893, it publicly expressed its gratitude to its subscribers, saying they were "source of its delight".[22] Also in 1893, King Chulalongkorn established a cabinet ministry called Murathathon and had the Royal Scribal Department affiliated to it.[23] The work of publishing this gazette thus became under the responsibility of Murathathon.[24] But instead of printing the gazette itself as before, the government employed private printers, including Bamrung Nukulkij, to print the gazette.[25] Occasionally, private printers printed the gazette for the government without charge.[26]

After the Siamese revolution of 1932, the scribal works of the Murathathon ministry were transferred to the Secretariat of the Cabinet (SOC) newly established in the Office of the Prime Minister.[23] The work of publishing this gazette has since been under the responsibility of the SOC, in which a specific section, called the Royal Gazette Subdivision (Thai: กลุ่มงานราชกิจจานุเบกษา), has been set up to take charge of the work,[2] and a printer, called the Cabinet and Royal Gazette Publishing Office (Thai: สำนักพิมพ์คณะรัฐมนตรีและราชกิจจานุเบกษา), has been created for printing the physical version of the gazette.[27] The gazette was initially published once a week, but now the publication has no fixed schedule and depends on the urgency of each work.[10] As of 2023, the gazette is only published online[12] and each issue is only available in four physical copies, one to be archived at the SOC, the others at the National Library of Thailand in Bangkok.[13]

Series edit

At present, the gazette consists of four series:[28]

  • Series A, called Legislation, contains legislation and judicial decisions.
  • Series B, called Title Registers, contains notifications about holders of royal, noble, and ecclesiastical titles, such as royal schedules, conferral or recall of decorations, and news from the royal court.
  • Series C, called Trade Registers, contains notifications about commercial organisations, as companies and partnerships.
  • Series D, called Announcements and Works in General, contains works other than those belonging to the previous three series.

It is a legal requirement that laws enacted by the Thai government be published in this gazette prior to coming into force.[8] The first formal constitution of Thailand, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Siam 1932, stated in section 38 that bills passed by the House of Representatives and signed by the monarch took effect upon publication in the gazette.[8]

Archives edit

Of all the hundreds of copies printed between 1858 and 1859 in the reign of King Mongkut, only 19 copies have survived to date.[29]

As regards the edition revived by King Chulalongkorn between 1874 and 1880, most of the surviving copies are incomplete and they have been reprinted twice, in 1997 and 2003 respectively.[17] As for the edition revived in 1881, only a single volume has survived, with some pages missing. It has been reprinted once, in 1970.[30]

Physical original copies of the gazette since the reign of King Mongkut are archived at the National Library of Thailand, Bangkok, and are available for the public, but prior contact with the library is required.[31]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d มานิจ สุขสมจิตร 2018, pp. 108–109
  2. ^ a b c d ขวัญชนก วิบูลย์คำ 2017, p. 1
  3. ^ a b สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา 2023, p. 156
  4. ^ New rules... 2022
  5. ^ Royal Gazette 2023
  6. ^ Thailand's Kratom... 2022
  7. ^ Thailand's Royal Gazette... 2021
  8. ^ a b c ขวัญชนก วิบูลย์คำ 2017, p. 2
  9. ^ a b c กองบรรณาธิการศิลปวัฒนธรรม 2021
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h สำนักงานคณะกรรมการข้อมูลข่าวสารของราชการ n.d., pp. 19–33
  11. ^ a b c d ทีมข่าวกรุงเทพธุรกิจออนไลน์ 2010
  12. ^ a b ระเบียบสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี... 2023, pp. 1–4
  13. ^ a b ประกาศสำนักเลขาธิการคณะรัฐมนตรี... 2023, p. 19
  14. ^ a b แจ้งความกรมอักษรพิมพ์การ 1889, p. 260
  15. ^ แจ้งความ 1889, p. 338
  16. ^ a b แจ้งความ ลงวันที่ 18 มีนาคม จ.ศ. 1249 1888, pp. 379–381
  17. ^ a b c สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา 2023, p. 161
  18. ^ แจ้งความออกราชกิจจานุเบกษา 1889, pp. 1–2
  19. ^ สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา 2023, pp. 164–165
  20. ^ ขอให้อ่านราชกิจจานุเบกษา 1888, pp. 1–5
  21. ^ ขอให้อ่าน 1891, p. 304
  22. ^ ความยินดีสุดปี... 1893, p. 466
  23. ^ a b สำนักเลขาธิการคณะรัฐมนตรี 2018
  24. ^ แจ้งความกระทรวงมุรธาธร 1893, p. 370
  25. ^ สุทธาสินี จิตรกรรมไทย เจียจันทร์พงษ์ 2023
  26. ^ แจ้งความกระทรวงยุติธรรม... 1908, p. 426
  27. ^ เดอะสแตนดาร์ดทีม 2023
  28. ^ ขวัญชนก วิบูลย์คำ 2017, pp. 1–2
  29. ^ สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา 2023, p. 157
  30. ^ สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา 2023, p. 164
  31. ^ สำนักหอสมุดแห่งชาติ 2020

References edit

  • "New rules easing controls on alcohol production come into effect". The Nation. 2022-11-02.
  • "Royal Gazette". Bangkok Post. 2023.
  • "Thailand's Kratom Plant Act announced in Royal Gazette". Thai PBS World. 2022-08-27.
  • "Thailand's Royal Gazette Publishes Announcement Banning Distribution of Fake News". National News Bureau of Thailand. 2021-07-30.
  • กองบรรณาธิการศิลปวัฒนธรรม (2021-06-28). "แรกเริ่มพิมพ์ "ราชกิจจานุเบกษา" สิ่งพิมพ์แรกของไทย โดยคนไทย". ศิลปวัฒนธรรม (in Thai).
  • ขวัญชนก วิบูลย์คำ (2017-09-30). "ราชกิจจานุเบกษากับการประกาศใช้กฎหมาย" (PDF). หอสมุดรัฐสภา (in Thai).
  • "ขอให้อ่าน". ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 8 (35). 1891-11-29.
  • "ขอให้อ่านราชกิจจานุเบกษา". ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 5 (1). 1888-05-03.
  • "ความยินดีสุดปีของราชกิจจานุเบกษาใน ร.ศ. 111". ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 9 (52). 1893-03-26.
  • "แจ้งความ". ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 5 (39). 1889-02-06.
  • "แจ้งความกรมอักษรพิมพ์การ" (PDF). ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 6 (30). 1889-10-26.
  • "แจ้งความกระทรวงมุรธาธร" (PDF). ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 9 (41). 1893-01-07.
  • "แจ้งความกระทรวงยุติธรรม ลงวันที่ 1 กรกฎาคม ร.ศ. 127". ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 25 (14). 1908-07-05.
  • "แจ้งความ ลงวันที่ 18 มีนาคม จ.ศ. 1249". ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 4 (48). 1888-03-18.
  • "แจ้งความออกราชกิจจานุเบกษา". ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 6 (1). 1889-04-07.
  • เดอะสแตนดาร์ดทีม (2023-03-15). "15 มีนาคม 2401 – กำเนิดราชกิจจานุเบกษา หนังสือรวบรวมคำประกาศของทางราชการ". เดอะสแตนดาร์ด (in Thai).
  • ทีมข่าวกรุงเทพธุรกิจออนไลน์ (2010-05-02). "'ราชกิจจานุเบกษา' ประกาศราชการที่มีมาตั้งแต่รัชกาลที่ 4". กรุงเทพธุรกิจออนไลน์ (in Thai).
  • "ประกาศสำนักเลขาธิการคณะรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง จำนวนหนังสือราชกิจจานุเบกษาที่ต้องจัดทำเป็นรูปเล่มเพื่อประโยชน์ในการเก็บรักษาไว้เป็นหลักฐานและตรวจสอบข้อมูลความถูกต้อง พ.ศ. 2566". ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 140 (79 ง). 2023-03-31.
  • มานิจ สุขสมจิตร (2018). "ฐานันดร 4". วารสารราชบัณฑิตยสภา (in Thai). 43 (1).
  • "ระเบียบสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี ว่าด้วยการประกาศเรื่องในราชกิจจานุเบกษา พ.ศ. 2566". ราชกิจจานุเบกษา (in Thai). 140 (23 ง). 2023-02-01.
  • สุทธาสินี จิตรกรรมไทย เจียจันทร์พงษ์ (2023-02-11). ""โรงพิมพ์บำรุงนุกูลกิจ" โรงพิมพ์ที่รัชกาลที่ 5 ถึงกับทรงสรรเสริญ". ศิลปวัฒนธรรม (in Thai).
  • สำนักงานคณะกรรมการข้อมูลข่าวสารของราชการ (n.d.). (PDF). สำนักงานคณะกรรมการข้อมูลข่าวสารของราชการ (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-23. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  • สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา (2023). "หนังสือราชกิจจานุเบกษา". นานาสาระภาษาและวัฒนธรรมไทย ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสภา (in Thai). กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา. ISBN 978-616-389-176-1.
  • สำนักเลขาธิการคณะรัฐมนตรี (2018). "ประวัติความเป็นมา". สำนักเลขาธิการคณะรัฐมนตรี (in Thai).
  • สำนักหอสมุดแห่งชาติ (2020-05-18). "ราชกิจจานุเบกษา". หอสมุดแห่งชาติ (in Thai).

External links edit

 
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January 01, 1970
royal, gazette, thailand, royal, gazette, thai, ราชก, จจาน, เบกษา, rtgs, ratchakitchanubeksa, official, journal, thailand, formerly, siam, royal, gazettethe, gazette, dated, june, 1908, which, siamese, penal, code, first, modern, legal, code, country, publishe. The Royal Gazette 4 5 6 7 Thai rachkiccanuebksa RTGS Ratchakitchanubeksa is the official journal of Thailand formerly Siam 2 Royal GazetteThe gazette dated 1 June 1908 in which the Siamese Penal Code the first modern legal code of the country was publishedTypeGovernment gazetteFormatPrint and electronicOwner s Government of ThailandFounder s Mongkut 1 PublisherSecretariat of the Cabinet 2 Founded15 March 1858 166 years ago 1858 03 15 3 LanguageThaiCityBangkokCountryThailandWebsiteratchakitcha wbr soc wbr go wbr thMedia of ThailandList of newspapers The gazette was first published in 1858 at the behest of King Mongkut Rama IV as a channel for his government to communicate its information to the public especially in regard to the issuance of laws 1 Laws enacted by the Thai government are required to be published in this gazette in order to take effect 8 The gazette is the first locally produced journal of Thailand 9 the first journal of the Thai government 10 and the oldest Thai journal still in publication 11 As of 2023 the gazette is only published online 12 and is available in print format in limited copies only for archival purposes 13 Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Series 4 Archives 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksName editThe Thai name of the gazette Ratchakitchanubeksa was coined by King Mongkut and means for looking into royal works 11 10 History editThe gazette was first issued by an announcement of King Mongkut dated 15 March 1858 11 2 3 9 According to the announcement this gazette was intended to convey information from the government to the public in order to prevent incorrect rumours which might affect the governmental affairs and the dignity of the Country 11 Some scholars including Manit Suksomjit believe that the initiation of the gazette was driven by the information previously published by American missionary Dan Beach Bradley in the Bangkok Recorder and considered inaccurate by King Mongkut 1 King Mongkut himself served as the producer and editor in chief of the gazette 1 The king also had a printing office erected near his residential hall Phanumat Chamrun Thai phanumascaruy within the Grand Palace Bangkok particularly for printing this gazette 9 The office was under an independent department called Akson Phimphakan Thai xksrphimphkar to which the king directly appointed a director general 14 At that time the gazette was issued every 15 days and was free of charge 10 The gazette was discontinued after having been in publication for merely around one year 10 Later King Chulalongkorn Rama V revived the gazette on 17 May 1874 10 This time the gazette was published once every week and was sold at 8 baht per year as the king deemed that free distribution resulted in the gazette being underrated 10 The fees collected were forwarded to the royal treasury 15 However Akson Phimphakan revealed that only few people were willing to spend their money on the gazette stating that of over 500 copies published only 50 60 were taken and this caused it to feel like wasting its efforts producing the gazette 16 The gazette was again discontinued after five years in publication 10 The last issue was dated 7 March 1880 17 King Chulalongkorn again revived the gazette on 8 September 1881 17 and had it published every Sunday 18 The king also turned the independent department Akson Phimphakan into a subsidiary of the Royal Scribal Department 14 But due to excessive workload of its staff the gazette was again discontinued after having been published for a while and the king again revived it on 28 December 1884 announcing that this time he intended to allow no interruption as before 19 After a series of publicity to solicit readers 16 20 21 the gazette gained a greater number of subscribers that in 1893 it publicly expressed its gratitude to its subscribers saying they were source of its delight 22 Also in 1893 King Chulalongkorn established a cabinet ministry called Murathathon and had the Royal Scribal Department affiliated to it 23 The work of publishing this gazette thus became under the responsibility of Murathathon 24 But instead of printing the gazette itself as before the government employed private printers including Bamrung Nukulkij to print the gazette 25 Occasionally private printers printed the gazette for the government without charge 26 After the Siamese revolution of 1932 the scribal works of the Murathathon ministry were transferred to the Secretariat of the Cabinet SOC newly established in the Office of the Prime Minister 23 The work of publishing this gazette has since been under the responsibility of the SOC in which a specific section called the Royal Gazette Subdivision Thai klumnganrachkiccanuebksa has been set up to take charge of the work 2 and a printer called the Cabinet and Royal Gazette Publishing Office Thai sankphimphkhnarthmntriaelarachkiccanuebksa has been created for printing the physical version of the gazette 27 The gazette was initially published once a week but now the publication has no fixed schedule and depends on the urgency of each work 10 As of 2023 update the gazette is only published online 12 and each issue is only available in four physical copies one to be archived at the SOC the others at the National Library of Thailand in Bangkok 13 Series editAt present the gazette consists of four series 28 Series A called Legislation contains legislation and judicial decisions Series B called Title Registers contains notifications about holders of royal noble and ecclesiastical titles such as royal schedules conferral or recall of decorations and news from the royal court Series C called Trade Registers contains notifications about commercial organisations as companies and partnerships Series D called Announcements and Works in General contains works other than those belonging to the previous three series It is a legal requirement that laws enacted by the Thai government be published in this gazette prior to coming into force 8 The first formal constitution of Thailand the Constitution of the Kingdom of Siam 1932 stated in section 38 that bills passed by the House of Representatives and signed by the monarch took effect upon publication in the gazette 8 Archives editOf all the hundreds of copies printed between 1858 and 1859 in the reign of King Mongkut only 19 copies have survived to date 29 As regards the edition revived by King Chulalongkorn between 1874 and 1880 most of the surviving copies are incomplete and they have been reprinted twice in 1997 and 2003 respectively 17 As for the edition revived in 1881 only a single volume has survived with some pages missing It has been reprinted once in 1970 30 Physical original copies of the gazette since the reign of King Mongkut are archived at the National Library of Thailand Bangkok and are available for the public but prior contact with the library is required 31 Notes edit a b c d manic sukhsmcitr 2018 pp 108 109 a b c d khwychnk wibulykha 2017 p 1 a b sanknganrachbnthityspha 2023 p 156 New rules 2022 Royal Gazette 2023 Thailand s Kratom 2022 Thailand s Royal Gazette 2021 a b c khwychnk wibulykha 2017 p 2 a b c kxngbrrnathikarsilpwthnthrrm 2021 a b c d e f g h sankngankhnakrrmkarkhxmulkhawsarkhxngrachkar n d pp 19 33 a b c d thimkhawkrungethphthurkicxxniln 2010 a b raebiybsanknaykrthmntri 2023 pp 1 4 a b prakassankelkhathikarkhnarthmntri 2023 p 19 a b aecngkhwamkrmxksrphimphkar 1889 p 260 aecngkhwam 1889 p 338 a b aecngkhwam lngwnthi 18 minakhm c s 1249 1888 pp 379 381 a b c sanknganrachbnthityspha 2023 p 161 aecngkhwamxxkrachkiccanuebksa 1889 pp 1 2 sanknganrachbnthityspha 2023 pp 164 165 khxihxanrachkiccanuebksa 1888 pp 1 5 khxihxan 1891 p 304 khwamyindisudpi 1893 p 466 a b sankelkhathikarkhnarthmntri 2018 aecngkhwamkrathrwngmurthathr 1893 p 370 suththasini citrkrrmithy eciycnthrphngs 2023 aecngkhwamkrathrwngyutithrrm 1908 p 426 edxasaetndardthim 2023 khwychnk wibulykha 2017 pp 1 2 sanknganrachbnthityspha 2023 p 157 sanknganrachbnthityspha 2023 p 164 sankhxsmudaehngchati 2020References edit New rules easing controls on alcohol production come into effect The Nation 2022 11 02 Royal Gazette Bangkok Post 2023 Thailand s Kratom Plant Act announced in Royal Gazette Thai PBS World 2022 08 27 Thailand s Royal Gazette Publishes Announcement Banning Distribution of Fake News National News Bureau of Thailand 2021 07 30 kxngbrrnathikarsilpwthnthrrm 2021 06 28 aerkerimphimph rachkiccanuebksa singphimphaerkkhxngithy odykhnithy silpwthnthrrm in Thai khwychnk wibulykha 2017 09 30 rachkiccanuebksakbkarprakasichkdhmay PDF hxsmudrthspha in Thai khxihxan rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 8 35 1891 11 29 khxihxanrachkiccanuebksa rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 5 1 1888 05 03 khwamyindisudpikhxngrachkiccanuebksain r s 111 rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 9 52 1893 03 26 aecngkhwam rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 5 39 1889 02 06 aecngkhwamkrmxksrphimphkar PDF rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 6 30 1889 10 26 aecngkhwamkrathrwngmurthathr PDF rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 9 41 1893 01 07 aecngkhwamkrathrwngyutithrrm lngwnthi 1 krkdakhm r s 127 rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 25 14 1908 07 05 aecngkhwam lngwnthi 18 minakhm c s 1249 rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 4 48 1888 03 18 aecngkhwamxxkrachkiccanuebksa rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 6 1 1889 04 07 edxasaetndardthim 2023 03 15 15 minakhm 2401 kaenidrachkiccanuebksa hnngsuxrwbrwmkhaprakaskhxngthangrachkar edxasaetndard in Thai thimkhawkrungethphthurkicxxniln 2010 05 02 rachkiccanuebksa prakasrachkarthimimatngaetrchkalthi 4 krungethphthurkicxxniln in Thai prakassankelkhathikarkhnarthmntri eruxng canwnhnngsuxrachkiccanuebksathitxngcdthaepnrupelmephuxpraoychninkarekbrksaiwepnhlkthanaelatrwcsxbkhxmulkhwamthuktxng ph s 2566 rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 140 79 ng 2023 03 31 manic sukhsmcitr 2018 thanndr 4 warsarrachbnthityspha in Thai 43 1 raebiybsanknaykrthmntri wadwykarprakaseruxnginrachkiccanuebksa ph s 2566 rachkiccanuebksa in Thai 140 23 ng 2023 02 01 suththasini citrkrrmithy eciycnthrphngs 2023 02 11 orngphimphbarungnukulkic orngphimphthirchkalthi 5 thungkbthrngsrresriy silpwthnthrrm in Thai sankngankhnakrrmkarkhxmulkhawsarkhxngrachkar n d karphimphinrachkiccanuebksa PDF sankngankhnakrrmkarkhxmulkhawsarkhxngrachkar in Thai Archived from the original PDF on 2018 12 23 Retrieved 2023 04 15 sanknganrachbnthityspha 2023 hnngsuxrachkiccanuebksa nanasaraphasaaelawthnthrrmithy chbbrachbnthityspha in Thai krungethph sanknganrachbnthityspha ISBN 978 616 389 176 1 sankelkhathikarkhnarthmntri 2018 prawtikhwamepnma sankelkhathikarkhnarthmntri in Thai sankhxsmudaehngchati 2020 05 18 rachkiccanuebksa hxsmudaehngchati in Thai External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Royal Gazette Thailand Official website nbsp in Thai Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Royal Gazette Thailand amp oldid 1199556456, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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