The Rolls-Royce Vulture was a British aero engine developed shortly before World War II that was designed and built by Rolls-Royce Limited. The Vulture used the unusual "X-24" configuration, whereby four cylinder blocks derived from the Rolls-Royce Peregrine were joined by a common crankshaft supported by a single crankcase. The engine was originally designed to produce around 1,750 horsepower (1,300 kW) but problems with the Vulture design meant that the engines were derated to around 1,450 to 1,550 hp in service by limiting the maximum rpm.
Although several new aircraft designs had been planned to use the Vulture, work on the engine's design ended in 1941 as Rolls-Royce concentrated on their more successful Merlin design. Another 24-cylinder engine, the Napier Sabre, proved more successful after a lengthy development period.
The superchargedRolls-Royce Kestrel and its derivative, the Rolls-Royce Peregrine, were fairly standard designs, with two cylinder banks arranged in a V form and with a displacement of 21 litres (1,300 cu in). The Vulture was, in effect, two Peregrines joined by a new crankcase turning a new crankshaft, producing an X engine configuration with a displacement of 42 litres (2,600 cu in). The Vulture used cylinders of the same bore and stroke as the Peregrine, but the cylinder spacing was increased to accommodate a longer crankshaft, necessary for extra main bearings and wider crankpins.[1][2]
The engine suffered from an abbreviated development period because Rolls-Royce suspended Vulture development in 1940 during the Battle of Britain to concentrate on the Merlin, which powered the RAF's two main fighters, the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire, and as a consequence the reliability of the Vulture when it entered service was very poor. Apart from delivering significantly less than the designed power, the Vulture suffered from frequent failures of the connecting rodbig end bearings, which was found to be caused by a breakdown in lubrication, and also from heat dissipation problems. Rolls-Royce were initially confident that they could solve the problems, but the company's much smaller Merlin was already nearing the same power level as the Vulture's original specification,[i] in part because of its accelerated development in 1940, and so production of the Vulture was discontinued after only 538 had been built.[3]
Applicationsedit
Avro Manchester II, showing two exhaust dampers
The Vulture had been intended to power the Hawker Tornado interceptor but with the cancellation of Vulture development, Hawker abandoned the Tornado and concentrated on the Hawker Typhoon, which was powered by the Napier Sabre. The cancellation caused the abandonment of the Vulture-engined version of the Vickers Warwick bomber. The only aircraft type designed for the Vulture to go into production was the twin-engined Avro Manchester. When the engine reliability problems became clear, the Avro team persuaded the Air Ministry that switching to a four-Merlin version of the Manchester, which had been in development as a contingency, was preferable to retooling Avro factories to make the Handley Page Halifax. The resulting aircraft was initially called the Manchester Mark III and then subsequently renamed Avro Lancaster, going on to great success as the RAF's leading heavy bomber.
Application listedit
Vulture powered Hawker Tornado prototype, with two rows of ejector exhausts
^A special "Racing" Merlin had been run at 1,800 horsepower (1,342 kW) as early as 1938, with around 2,160 horsepower (1,610 kW) being obtained for short periods. The 1,800 hp rating had been maintained for 15 hours, thus demonstrating that with development the Merlin would be able to achieve the same power output as the original Vulture design rating without reliability problems.
Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.ISBN0-7509-4479-X
Kirby, Robert. Avro Manchester: The Legend Behind the Lancaster. Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland publishing Limited, 1995. ISBN1-85780-028-1
Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Aero-Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. ISBN1-85310-294-6.
Rubbra, A.A. Rolls-Royce Piston Aero Engines - a Designer Remembers: Historical Series no 16: Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust, 1990. ISBN1-872922-00-7.
White, Graham. Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995. ISBN1-56091-655-9
January 01, 1970
rolls, royce, vulture, british, aero, engine, developed, shortly, before, world, that, designed, built, rolls, royce, limited, vulture, used, unusual, configuration, whereby, four, cylinder, blocks, derived, from, rolls, royce, peregrine, were, joined, common,. The Rolls Royce Vulture was a British aero engine developed shortly before World War II that was designed and built by Rolls Royce Limited The Vulture used the unusual X 24 configuration whereby four cylinder blocks derived from the Rolls Royce Peregrine were joined by a common crankshaft supported by a single crankcase The engine was originally designed to produce around 1 750 horsepower 1 300 kW but problems with the Vulture design meant that the engines were derated to around 1 450 to 1 550 hp in service by limiting the maximum rpm Vulture Type X 24 Piston aero engine Manufacturer Rolls Royce Limited First run May 1937 Major applications Avro ManchesterBlackburn B 20 Number built 538 Although several new aircraft designs had been planned to use the Vulture work on the engine s design ended in 1941 as Rolls Royce concentrated on their more successful Merlin design Another 24 cylinder engine the Napier Sabre proved more successful after a lengthy development period Contents 1 Design and development 2 Applications 2 1 Application list 3 Specifications Vulture V 3 1 General characteristics 3 2 Components 3 3 Performance 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Notes 5 2 BibliographyDesign and development editThe supercharged Rolls Royce Kestrel and its derivative the Rolls Royce Peregrine were fairly standard designs with two cylinder banks arranged in a V form and with a displacement of 21 litres 1 300 cu in The Vulture was in effect two Peregrines joined by a new crankcase turning a new crankshaft producing an X engine configuration with a displacement of 42 litres 2 600 cu in The Vulture used cylinders of the same bore and stroke as the Peregrine but the cylinder spacing was increased to accommodate a longer crankshaft necessary for extra main bearings and wider crankpins 1 2 The engine suffered from an abbreviated development period because Rolls Royce suspended Vulture development in 1940 during the Battle of Britain to concentrate on the Merlin which powered the RAF s two main fighters the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire and as a consequence the reliability of the Vulture when it entered service was very poor Apart from delivering significantly less than the designed power the Vulture suffered from frequent failures of the connecting rod big end bearings which was found to be caused by a breakdown in lubrication and also from heat dissipation problems Rolls Royce were initially confident that they could solve the problems but the company s much smaller Merlin was already nearing the same power level as the Vulture s original specification i in part because of its accelerated development in 1940 and so production of the Vulture was discontinued after only 538 had been built 3 Applications edit nbsp Avro Manchester II showing two exhaust dampers The Vulture had been intended to power the Hawker Tornado interceptor but with the cancellation of Vulture development Hawker abandoned the Tornado and concentrated on the Hawker Typhoon which was powered by the Napier Sabre The cancellation caused the abandonment of the Vulture engined version of the Vickers Warwick bomber The only aircraft type designed for the Vulture to go into production was the twin engined Avro Manchester When the engine reliability problems became clear the Avro team persuaded the Air Ministry that switching to a four Merlin version of the Manchester which had been in development as a contingency was preferable to retooling Avro factories to make the Handley Page Halifax The resulting aircraft was initially called the Manchester Mark III and then subsequently renamed Avro Lancaster going on to great success as the RAF s leading heavy bomber Application list edit nbsp Vulture powered Hawker Tornado prototype with two rows of ejector exhausts Avro Manchester Blackburn B 20 Hawker Henley ii Hawker Tornado Vickers WarwickSpecifications Vulture V editData from Lumsden and Gunston 4 5 General characteristics Type X 24 supercharged liquid cooled piston engine Bore 5 in 127 mm Stroke 5 5 in 139 7 mm Displacement 2 592 cu in 42 47 L Length 87 2 in 2 210 mm 6 Width 35 8 in 910 mm Height 42 3 in 1 070 mm Dry weight 2 450 lb 1 111 kg Components Valvetrain Overhead camshaft Supercharger Gear driven centrifugal type supercharger two speed single stage Fuel system Downdraught S U carburettor Fuel type 100 130 Octane petrol Cooling system Liquid cooled 70 water 30 Ethylene glycol Reduction gear Spur geared via layshaft 0 35 1 reduction ratio left hand tractor Performance Power output 1 780 hp at 2 850 rpm 6 psi boost Compression ratio 6 1See also editRolls Royce aircraft piston engines Comparable engines Rolls Royce Exe Daimler Benz DB 604 Napier Sabre Related lists List of aircraft enginesReferences edit A special Racing Merlin had been run at 1 800 horsepower 1 342 kW as early as 1938 with around 2 160 horsepower 1 610 kW being obtained for short periods The 1 800 hp rating had been maintained for 15 hours thus demonstrating that with development the Merlin would be able to achieve the same power output as the original Vulture design rating without reliability problems Test bed aircraft only Notes edit Kirby 1995 p 14 Rubbra 1990 p 139 Lumsden 2003 p 200 Lumsden 2003 p 201 Gunston 1989 RRAE p 95 Oldmachinepress Rolls Royce Vulture Bibliography edit Gunston Bill Rolls Royce Aero Engines Cambridge England Patrick Stephens 1989 ISBN 1 85260 037 3 Gunston Bill World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines From the Pioneers to the Present Day 5th edition Stroud UK Sutton 2006 ISBN 0 7509 4479 X Kirby Robert Avro Manchester The Legend Behind the Lancaster Earl Shilton Leicester UK Midland publishing Limited 1995 ISBN 1 85780 028 1 Lumsden Alec British Piston Aero Engines and their Aircraft Marlborough Wiltshire Airlife Publishing 2003 ISBN 1 85310 294 6 Rubbra A A Rolls Royce Piston Aero Engines a Designer Remembers Historical Series no 16 Rolls Royce Heritage Trust 1990 ISBN 1 872922 00 7 White Graham Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II Warrendale Pennsylvania SAE International 1995 ISBN 1 56091 655 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rolls Royce Vulture amp oldid 1209982439, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
