A rolleron is a type of aileron used for rockets and used to provide passive stabilization against rotation. While most commonly used to stablize against roll, it can also be used for counteracting yaw and pitch as well.[1]
Rollerons on the trailing edge of the fins of the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile.
In the early 1950s, the first rollerons were produced. Its value for the dynamic stabilization of missiles led to it being promptly studied by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). It proved to be a more compact, simpler, and reliable solution to controlling roll than preceding methods, such as the combination of servomechanisms and ailerons. Rolleron devices have been widely used on maneuverable close-range air-to-air missiles, such as the prolific AIM-9 Sidewinder. Rocket vehicles have also become another common application.
During the early 1950s, the first examples of the rolleron, sometimes initially referred to as a roll damper, emerged. Due to its potential value as a missile stabilisation device, it was quickly subject to in-depth evaluations by, amongst other organisations, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).[2] The early missiles in use by the mid-1950s were typified by their limited damping of aerodynamic roll as a consequence of their low-aspect ratio lifting surfaces. The historic solution to this issue was to install a servomechanism to sense the roll rate and make adjustments to a conventional aileron as to counteract as required; this approach added complexity and weight, and took up limited space. Thus, less impinging methods were urgently sought, with a preference for those that required no internal component whatsoever.[3]
Amongst other conclusions, by November 1956, NACA had determined the rolleron to have a reliable design approach for missile configurations.[3] At the behest of the US military, further tests were conducted to validate its performance on production missiles.[4] More generally, further innovations and patents associated with rollerons have been made over the following decades.[5][6] Into the 1990s, the rolleron, along with potential applications for it, has continued to be examined by various organisations and nations.[1]
Function
The rolleron is a relatively simple and cost-effective stabilizing device.[7] The core element of a rolleron is a metal flywheel that is typically positioned at the trailing end of a fin. The wheel has notches cut into its circumference; these notches intentionally protrude as to maximise their interaction with the airflow. As such, while the missile is in motion through the air, the resulting air current generated causes the rolleron to rotate.[8] While spinning, the flywheel resists any lateral forces acting on it, in a manner similar to a gyroscope. The benefit of this gyroscopic motion is that it counteracts the missile's undesirable tendency to rotate about its central axis, dynamically stablising its flight.[7] In addition to stablising against roll, a similar effect can also be provided for yaw and pitch as well.[1]
It has been assessed to be considerably valuable for missiles requiring a high level of maneuverability, as used in shorter-range dogfights between fighter aircraft.[1] One prominent air-to-air missile, the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile, was an early adopter of the rolleron. Such devices are present on all four of its rear wings. By eliminating roll tendencies, the rolleron makes it considerably easier for a missile carry out its core functions, such as target tracking.[7][9] Furthermore, the rolleron has also become a typical feature on rocket vehicles.[10][11]
References
^ abcdDer-Ren Taur; Jeng-Shing Chern (22 August 2012). "Rolleron dynamics in missile applications". 24th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference 9 August 1999 - 11 August 1999. doi:10.2514/6.1999-4260.
^Nason, Martin L.; Brown, Clarence A. Jr.; Rock, Rupert S. (15 September 1955). "An Evaluation of a Rolleron-Roll-Rate-Stabilization System for a Canard Missile Configuration at Mach Numbers From 0.9 to 2.3". National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).
^ abNason, Martin L. (29 November 1956). "A Semigraphical Method for the Determination of the Rolling Characteristics of Rolleron-Equipped Missiles". National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).
^Clarence A. Brown Jr.; Martin L. Nason (29 April 1954). "Flight Investigation to Evaluate the Roll-Rate Stabilization system of the Naval Ordnance test station Sidewinder Missile at Mach Numbers from 0.9 20 2.3". National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).
^Harry B Porter; Robert A Weinhardt (1970). "US3640484A: Release mechanism".
^Greene, Ronald W. (July 1980). "Aeroballistic Analysis of ERB/TIGER II: Aerodynamic Test Unit ATU-2 (SLA R7150J2)". osti.gov. doi:10.2172/5233735. S2CID 107835834. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ abcHarris, Tom (3 October 2002). "Rollerons explained". howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
^Henry Spencer; Steven Kasow. "Rolleron explained". newsgroup sci.space.tech. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
^"Sidewinder Missile". Smithsonian. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
^von Bengtson, Kristian (25 October 2011). "Getting Airborne". wired.com.
^Munz, Jamie (2013). "Mechanical Systems Design of a Hovering Rocket Flight Vehicle". espace.library.uq.edu.au.
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A rolleron is a type of aileron used for rockets and used to provide passive stabilization against rotation While most commonly used to stablize against roll it can also be used for counteracting yaw and pitch as well 1 Rollerons on the trailing edge of the fins of the AIM 9 Sidewinder missile Detail of rollerons on a Sidewinder Rollerons on the fins of the AA 2 Atoll missile In the early 1950s the first rollerons were produced Its value for the dynamic stabilization of missiles led to it being promptly studied by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics NACA It proved to be a more compact simpler and reliable solution to controlling roll than preceding methods such as the combination of servomechanisms and ailerons Rolleron devices have been widely used on maneuverable close range air to air missiles such as the prolific AIM 9 Sidewinder Rocket vehicles have also become another common application Contents 1 History 2 Function 3 References 4 External linksHistory EditDuring the early 1950s the first examples of the rolleron sometimes initially referred to as a roll damper emerged Due to its potential value as a missile stabilisation device it was quickly subject to in depth evaluations by amongst other organisations the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics NACA 2 The early missiles in use by the mid 1950s were typified by their limited damping of aerodynamic roll as a consequence of their low aspect ratio lifting surfaces The historic solution to this issue was to install a servomechanism to sense the roll rate and make adjustments to a conventional aileron as to counteract as required this approach added complexity and weight and took up limited space Thus less impinging methods were urgently sought with a preference for those that required no internal component whatsoever 3 Amongst other conclusions by November 1956 NACA had determined the rolleron to have a reliable design approach for missile configurations 3 At the behest of the US military further tests were conducted to validate its performance on production missiles 4 More generally further innovations and patents associated with rollerons have been made over the following decades 5 6 Into the 1990s the rolleron along with potential applications for it has continued to be examined by various organisations and nations 1 Function EditThe rolleron is a relatively simple and cost effective stabilizing device 7 The core element of a rolleron is a metal flywheel that is typically positioned at the trailing end of a fin The wheel has notches cut into its circumference these notches intentionally protrude as to maximise their interaction with the airflow As such while the missile is in motion through the air the resulting air current generated causes the rolleron to rotate 8 While spinning the flywheel resists any lateral forces acting on it in a manner similar to a gyroscope The benefit of this gyroscopic motion is that it counteracts the missile s undesirable tendency to rotate about its central axis dynamically stablising its flight 7 In addition to stablising against roll a similar effect can also be provided for yaw and pitch as well 1 It has been assessed to be considerably valuable for missiles requiring a high level of maneuverability as used in shorter range dogfights between fighter aircraft 1 One prominent air to air missile the AIM 9 Sidewinder missile was an early adopter of the rolleron Such devices are present on all four of its rear wings By eliminating roll tendencies the rolleron makes it considerably easier for a missile carry out its core functions such as target tracking 7 9 Furthermore the rolleron has also become a typical feature on rocket vehicles 10 11 References Edit a b c d Der Ren Taur Jeng Shing Chern 22 August 2012 Rolleron dynamics in missile applications 24th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference 9 August 1999 11 August 1999 doi 10 2514 6 1999 4260 Nason Martin L Brown Clarence A Jr Rock Rupert S 15 September 1955 An Evaluation of a Rolleron Roll Rate Stabilization System for a Canard Missile Configuration at Mach Numbers From 0 9 to 2 3 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics NACA a b Nason Martin L 29 November 1956 A Semigraphical Method for the Determination of the Rolling Characteristics of Rolleron Equipped Missiles National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics NACA Clarence A Brown Jr Martin L Nason 29 April 1954 Flight Investigation to Evaluate the Roll Rate Stabilization system of the Naval Ordnance test station Sidewinder Missile at Mach Numbers from 0 9 20 2 3 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics NACA Harry B Porter Robert A Weinhardt 1970 US3640484A Release mechanism Greene Ronald W July 1980 Aeroballistic Analysis of ERB TIGER II Aerodynamic Test Unit ATU 2 SLA R7150J2 osti gov doi 10 2172 5233735 S2CID 107835834 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b c Harris Tom 3 October 2002 Rollerons explained howstuffworks com Retrieved 23 May 2022 Henry Spencer Steven Kasow Rolleron explained newsgroup sci space tech Retrieved 23 May 2022 Sidewinder Missile Smithsonian Retrieved 23 May 2022 von Bengtson Kristian 25 October 2011 Getting Airborne wired com Munz Jamie 2013 Mechanical Systems Design of a Hovering Rocket Flight Vehicle espace library uq edu au External links EditUnusual mechanism The rolleron Make magazine Test of rolleron for an amateur built rocket Rolleron demonstration on YouTube Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rolleron amp oldid 1131542823, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
