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Robotic art

January 01, 1970

Robotic art is any artwork that employs some form of robotic or automated technology. There are many branches of robotic art, one of which is robotic installation art, a type of installation art that is programmed to respond to viewer interactions, by means of computers, sensors and actuators. The future behavior of such installations can therefore be altered by input from either the artist or the participant, which differentiates these artworks from other types of kinetic art.

Mechanical Woman Walking by Mark Galt

History edit

Early examples of robotic art and theater existed in ancient China as far back as the Han dynasty (c. third century BC), with the development of a mechanical orchestra, and other devices such as mechanical toys. These last included flying automatons, mechanized doves and fish, angels and dragons, and automated cup-bearers, all hydraulically actuated for the amusement of emperors by engineer-craftspeople whose names have mostly been lost to history. However, Mo Ti and the artificer Yen Chin are said to have created automated chariots.[1] By the time of the Sui dynasty (sixth century AD), a compendium was written called the Shai Shih t'u Ching, or "Book of Hydraulic Excellencies". There are reports that the Tang dynasty saw Chinese engineers building mechanical birds, otters that swallowed fish, and monks begging girls to sing.

An early innovator in the Western world was Hero of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD), who wrote "On Automatic Theaters, On Pneumatics, and on Mechanics", and is said to have built fully automated theatrical set-pieces illustrating the labors of Hercules among other wonders.

In the thirteenth century AD, Badi Al-Zaman'Isma'il Al-Razzaz Al-Jazari was a Muslim inventor who devoted himself to mechanical engineering. Like Hero, he experimented with water clocks and other hydraulic mechanisms.[2] Al-Jaziri's life's work culminated in a book which he called The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices, completed in 1206 AD, and often known simply as Automata. In Europe, also in the thirteenth century, Villard de Honnecourt is known to have built mechanical angels for the French court, and in the fifteenth century Johannes Muller built both a working mechanical eagle and a fly.

The Prague Astronomical Clock, in Prague's Old Town Square, features four animatronic figures representing Vanity, Greed, Death, and Entertainment. The clock was built in 1410, and the first of the figures, Death, was probably added in 1490.[3] In the 15th-16th century, Leonardo da Vinci invented several theatrical automata, including a lion which walked onstage and delivered flowers from its breast,[4] and a moving suit of armour.

The magician Isaac Fawkes, in 1722, created a clock that "played a variety of tunes on the organ, flute and flangolet with birds whistling and singing". He also had a mechanism called the "Temple of the Arts", which featured mechanical musicians, ships and ducks. Fawkes also created a robotic apple tree that would grow, bloom, and produce fruit before the eyes of an unsuspecting audience. This tree was the inspiration for the orange tree illusion in the film The Illusionist. In the same period, a Swiss watchmaker called Pierre Jaquet-Droz made some highly sophisticated automotas, including "The Writer" (made of 6,000 pieces), "The Musician" (2,500 pieces) and "The Draughtsman" (2,000 pieces).[5] These devices are mechanical analog computers and can still be seen in working condition at the Art and History Museum in Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Also surviving to this day is a mechanical theatre that was constructed in the gardens of Hellbrun (near Salzburg), Austria, from 1748 to 1752. Within a cross-section of an 18th-century palace, 141 hydraulically operated figures, representing people from all walks of life, can be seen going about their daily activities.[6]

Advances in engineering created new possibilities for robotic art. In 1893, Prof. George Moore created "The Steam Man", a humanoid mechanism powered by a boiler, which he exhibited in New York City. Supported by a horizontal bar attached to a vertical post, it was capable of walking in a circle at a speed of four or five miles an hour; reportedly, it could not be held back by two men.[7] In 1898, the physicist and engineer Nikola Tesla demonstrated a remote-controlled boat in Madison Square Garden, making use of a specially built indoor pond. This device has been identified as the world's first radio-controlled vessel. Tesla described it as having "a borrowed mind", and envisioned a fleet of fifty or a hundred submarines, or any other kind of vehicle, under the command of one or several operators.[8]

In 1981, Warhol worked on a project with Peter Sellars and Lewis Allen that would create a traveling stage show called, Andy Warhol: A No Man Show, with a life-sized animatronic robot in the exact image of Warhol.[9] The Andy Warhol Robot would then be able to read Warhol's diaries as a theatrical production.[10] The play would be based on Warhol's books The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Exposures. Warhol was quoted as saying, "I’d like to be a machine, wouldn’t you?"[11][12]

Robotics have now become a mode of expression for artists confronting fundamental issues and contradictions in our advanced industrial culture.

Performance art edit

 
Two robot arms act as DJs in "Juke Bots", an installation created by RobotLab.

Robotic performance art refers to the presentation of theatrical performances in which most, if not all, of the "action" is executed by robots rather than by people. An early robotic artist was Edward Ihnatowicz, whose creation, the Senster, was exhibited in the Netherlands from 1970 to 1974. It employed sensors and hydraulics which reacted to the sound and movements of the people nearby. Shows of this sort are sometimes large and elaborate productions. The Swiss sculptor Jean Tinguely (1925–1991) created kinetic sculptures usually made from industrial junk. They were hallucinatory and fabulous machines which performed unpredictably until they inevitably met a tragic fate, which was often to self-destruct. His "Homage to New York", a 23-foot-high (7.0 m) and 27-foot-long (8.2 m) mechanism made of dismantled bikes and musical instruments, among other things, was displayed in 1960 in the sculpture garden of the Museum of Modern Art, New York, where it dramatically caught fire and self-destructed before a crowd of onlookers.[13][14]

Pittsburgh has since the 1980's been an ongoing hub of performative robotic art-making. A steady series of robotic artists have had their origins in the Pittsburgh robotic art community or significantly developed their craft there. This includes Ken Goldberg, Ian Ingram, and Simon Penny who respectively developed "The Telegarden" (1995-2004), "On Beyond Duckling" (2004-2005), and Petit Mal (1989-2005) while in Pittsburgh. The confluence of an arts community that spans world famous institutions to bootstrapped collectives and the Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute underpins Pittsburgh's outsized role in robotic arts.

David Karave's robotics and fire artwork, Home Automation, is an animatronic theatre performance, with themes of propaganda and peace. This robotic artwork was created over 3 years, by more than 30 artists in the US and Canada. The project has toured across the United States, and was shown at the Tennessee Bonnaroo festival with The Art of Such N Such. In 'Home Automation' a family of lifesize aluminum animatronic crash test dummies musically self-destruct, as they watch color code threat alerts on their projected home TV. The robot family's heads finally ignite into circuit-breaking flames.[15]

Captured! by Robots is a touring band led by Jay Vance, along with several animatronic bandmates.[16] Vance's music-making robots were created via pneumatic actuation and 3 integrated computer systems. The ultimate goal, Vance states "is to create a live experience that blurs the line between the audience and his hard-rockin', sailor-talkin' automatons".[17]

Robotic art exhibitions edit

Since 2002, ArtBots has put on robotic art exhibitions featuring the work of robotics artists from around the world. Participants in each show are selected from responses to an open call for works; works are selected to represent a broad and inclusive cross-section of the tremendous range of creative art and robotics activity.

In 2008, a citywide exhibition of ten large-scale, outdoor robotic artworks called "BigBots" was held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The exhibition included work at The Andy Warhol Museum, the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts, the Carnegie Museum of Art, and the Mattress Factory museum of installation art and pieces by Golan Levin, Grisha Coleman, Matt Barton and Jacob Ciocci, Ian Ingram, and Osman Khan. One of the pieces, "Green Roof Roller Coaster," a robotic roller-coaster for plants by Gregory Witt and Joey Hays that let the plants decide when they wanted to go for a ride, remains on the roof of the Children's Museum of Pittsburgh to this day.[citation needed]

An exhibition titled "Robotic Art" held at the Cité des sciences et de l'industrie in Paris in 2014–2015. Monumental robotic artworks were presented, including Jean Michel Bruyère's Le Chemin de Damastès, a 50 m kinetic sculpture composed by 21 computer-animated hospital-type beds, the Chico MacMurtrie's Totemobile, a fullscale Citroën DS which transformed in a few minutes to an 18-meter-high totem, and two artworks by Shiro Takatani and Christian Partos specially conceived for the 3D Water Matrix, a robotic interface designed to create and display animated and three-dimensional liquid.[citation needed]

Le Grand Palais in Paris organised an exhibition ‘’Artists & Robots", featuring artworks created by more than forty artists with help of robots in 2018.[18]

Robotics artists edit

This is an alphabetically ordered list of contemporary robotics artists.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
*Agnieszka Pilat

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Giles, Lionel (1912). Taoist Teachings from the Book of Lieh Tzǔ. Dutton.
  2. ^ "Al-Jazari and the History of the Water Clock". History of Science and Technology in Islam.
  3. ^ "Brief history of the Prague Astronomical Clock".
  4. ^ "Pride of Da Vinci's genius walks again after 500 years". The Independent. 4 July 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  5. ^ "Pierre Jaquet-Droz". History of Computers. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  6. ^ "About the Mechanical Theatre". Hellbrun. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  7. ^ "A Mechanical Man". The New York Times. 15 April 1893. Quoted in: Buckley, David (21 January 2008). "1893 - (Prof.) George Moore's Steam Man". History Makers. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  8. ^ "Tesla – Life and Legacy: Race of Robots". PBS.
  9. ^ Ridenour, Al (2002-05-16). "The Automated Andy Warhol Is Reprogrammed". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  10. ^ Magazine, Smithsonian; McGreevy, Nora. "Hear an A.I.-Generated Andy Warhol 'Read' His Diary to You in New Documentary". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  11. ^ "Warhol: A Life As Art by Blake Gopnik: Book Review". Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  12. ^ Watercutter, Angela. "Why 'The Andy Warhol Diaries' Recreated the Artist's Voice With AI". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  13. ^ Wolff, Rachel (April 6, 2011). "A Homage to a Homage, Destruction at Its Core". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  14. ^ "Experiment in Art was a Blazing Success". Sarasota Journal. March 17, 1960. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  15. ^ Fennell, Zachary (April 2010). "Robotic Crash Test Dummies as Art". Dark Roasted Blend.
  16. ^ Bement, Jenny Lou (26 April 2011). "Live review: Captured by Robots!". Vibes: The Music Blog. Creative Loafing.
  17. ^ Couch, Christina (24 July 2007). . Wired. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013.
  18. ^ . 2019-08-14. Archived from the original on 2019-08-14. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
  19. ^ Caren, Allie (6 December 2015). "You Can Give a Robot a Paintbrush, but does it Create Art?" NPR. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

Further reading edit

  • "Robot Love", Montreal Gazette, 5 May 2007, by Cameron Skene
  • "Robots and Art - Exploring an Unlikely Symbiosis", D. Herath et al. (eds), Springer 2016, ISBN 9789811003196

External links edit

  • Kac, Eduardo (15 April 2006). "Robotic Art Chronology". NeMe.
  • Official website of the first International Workshop on Robotics and Art at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation - ICRA2011

January 01, 1970
robotic, artwork, that, employs, some, form, robotic, automated, technology, there, many, branches, robotic, which, robotic, installation, type, installation, that, programmed, respond, viewer, interactions, means, computers, sensors, actuators, future, behavi. Robotic art is any artwork that employs some form of robotic or automated technology There are many branches of robotic art one of which is robotic installation art a type of installation art that is programmed to respond to viewer interactions by means of computers sensors and actuators The future behavior of such installations can therefore be altered by input from either the artist or the participant which differentiates these artworks from other types of kinetic art Mechanical Woman Walking by Mark Galt Contents 1 History 2 Performance art 3 Robotic art exhibitions 4 Robotics artists 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory editEarly examples of robotic art and theater existed in ancient China as far back as the Han dynasty c third century BC with the development of a mechanical orchestra and other devices such as mechanical toys These last included flying automatons mechanized doves and fish angels and dragons and automated cup bearers all hydraulically actuated for the amusement of emperors by engineer craftspeople whose names have mostly been lost to history However Mo Ti and the artificer Yen Chin are said to have created automated chariots 1 By the time of the Sui dynasty sixth century AD a compendium was written called the Shai Shih t u Ching or Book of Hydraulic Excellencies There are reports that the Tang dynasty saw Chinese engineers building mechanical birds otters that swallowed fish and monks begging girls to sing An early innovator in the Western world was Hero of Alexandria c 10 70 AD who wrote On Automatic Theaters On Pneumatics and on Mechanics and is said to have built fully automated theatrical set pieces illustrating the labors of Hercules among other wonders In the thirteenth century AD Badi Al Zaman Isma il Al Razzaz Al Jazari was a Muslim inventor who devoted himself to mechanical engineering Like Hero he experimented with water clocks and other hydraulic mechanisms 2 Al Jaziri s life s work culminated in a book which he called The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices completed in 1206 AD and often known simply as Automata In Europe also in the thirteenth century Villard de Honnecourt is known to have built mechanical angels for the French court and in the fifteenth century Johannes Muller built both a working mechanical eagle and a fly The Prague Astronomical Clock in Prague s Old Town Square features four animatronic figures representing Vanity Greed Death and Entertainment The clock was built in 1410 and the first of the figures Death was probably added in 1490 3 In the 15th 16th century Leonardo da Vinci invented several theatrical automata including a lion which walked onstage and delivered flowers from its breast 4 and a moving suit of armour The magician Isaac Fawkes in 1722 created a clock that played a variety of tunes on the organ flute and flangolet with birds whistling and singing He also had a mechanism called the Temple of the Arts which featured mechanical musicians ships and ducks Fawkes also created a robotic apple tree that would grow bloom and produce fruit before the eyes of an unsuspecting audience This tree was the inspiration for the orange tree illusion in the film The Illusionist In the same period a Swiss watchmaker called Pierre Jaquet Droz made some highly sophisticated automotas including The Writer made of 6 000 pieces The Musician 2 500 pieces and The Draughtsman 2 000 pieces 5 These devices are mechanical analog computers and can still be seen in working condition at the Art and History Museum in Neuchatel Switzerland Also surviving to this day is a mechanical theatre that was constructed in the gardens of Hellbrun near Salzburg Austria from 1748 to 1752 Within a cross section of an 18th century palace 141 hydraulically operated figures representing people from all walks of life can be seen going about their daily activities 6 Advances in engineering created new possibilities for robotic art In 1893 Prof George Moore created The Steam Man a humanoid mechanism powered by a boiler which he exhibited in New York City Supported by a horizontal bar attached to a vertical post it was capable of walking in a circle at a speed of four or five miles an hour reportedly it could not be held back by two men 7 In 1898 the physicist and engineer Nikola Tesla demonstrated a remote controlled boat in Madison Square Garden making use of a specially built indoor pond This device has been identified as the world s first radio controlled vessel Tesla described it as having a borrowed mind and envisioned a fleet of fifty or a hundred submarines or any other kind of vehicle under the command of one or several operators 8 In 1981 Warhol worked on a project with Peter Sellars and Lewis Allen that would create a traveling stage show called Andy Warhol A No Man Show with a life sized animatronic robot in the exact image of Warhol 9 The Andy Warhol Robot would then be able to read Warhol s diaries as a theatrical production 10 The play would be based on Warhol s books The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Exposures Warhol was quoted as saying I d like to be a machine wouldn t you 11 12 Robotics have now become a mode of expression for artists confronting fundamental issues and contradictions in our advanced industrial culture Performance art edit nbsp Two robot arms act as DJs in Juke Bots an installation created by RobotLab Robotic performance art refers to the presentation of theatrical performances in which most if not all of the action is executed by robots rather than by people An early robotic artist was Edward Ihnatowicz whose creation the Senster was exhibited in the Netherlands from 1970 to 1974 It employed sensors and hydraulics which reacted to the sound and movements of the people nearby Shows of this sort are sometimes large and elaborate productions The Swiss sculptor Jean Tinguely 1925 1991 created kinetic sculptures usually made from industrial junk They were hallucinatory and fabulous machines which performed unpredictably until they inevitably met a tragic fate which was often to self destruct His Homage to New York a 23 foot high 7 0 m and 27 foot long 8 2 m mechanism made of dismantled bikes and musical instruments among other things was displayed in 1960 in the sculpture garden of the Museum of Modern Art New York where it dramatically caught fire and self destructed before a crowd of onlookers 13 14 Pittsburgh has since the 1980 s been an ongoing hub of performative robotic art making A steady series of robotic artists have had their origins in the Pittsburgh robotic art community or significantly developed their craft there This includes Ken Goldberg Ian Ingram and Simon Penny who respectively developed The Telegarden 1995 2004 On Beyond Duckling 2004 2005 and Petit Mal 1989 2005 while in Pittsburgh The confluence of an arts community that spans world famous institutions to bootstrapped collectives and the Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute underpins Pittsburgh s outsized role in robotic arts David Karave s robotics and fire artwork Home Automation is an animatronic theatre performance with themes of propaganda and peace This robotic artwork was created over 3 years by more than 30 artists in the US and Canada The project has toured across the United States and was shown at the Tennessee Bonnaroo festival with The Art of Such N Such In Home Automation a family of lifesize aluminum animatronic crash test dummies musically self destruct as they watch color code threat alerts on their projected home TV The robot family s heads finally ignite into circuit breaking flames 15 Captured by Robots is a touring band led by Jay Vance along with several animatronic bandmates 16 Vance s music making robots were created via pneumatic actuation and 3 integrated computer systems The ultimate goal Vance states is to create a live experience that blurs the line between the audience and his hard rockin sailor talkin automatons 17 Robotic art exhibitions editSince 2002 ArtBots has put on robotic art exhibitions featuring the work of robotics artists from around the world Participants in each show are selected from responses to an open call for works works are selected to represent a broad and inclusive cross section of the tremendous range of creative art and robotics activity In 2008 a citywide exhibition of ten large scale outdoor robotic artworks called BigBots was held in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania The exhibition included work at The Andy Warhol Museum the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts the Carnegie Museum of Art and the Mattress Factory museum of installation art and pieces by Golan Levin Grisha Coleman Matt Barton and Jacob Ciocci Ian Ingram and Osman Khan One of the pieces Green Roof Roller Coaster a robotic roller coaster for plants by Gregory Witt and Joey Hays that let the plants decide when they wanted to go for a ride remains on the roof of the Children s Museum of Pittsburgh to this day citation needed An exhibition titled Robotic Art held at the Cite des sciences et de l industrie in Paris in 2014 2015 Monumental robotic artworks were presented including Jean Michel Bruyere s Le Chemin de Damastes a 50 m kinetic sculpture composed by 21 computer animated hospital type beds the Chico MacMurtrie s Totemobile a fullscale Citroen DS which transformed in a few minutes to an 18 meter high totem and two artworks by Shiro Takatani and Christian Partos specially conceived for the 3D Water Matrix a robotic interface designed to create and display animated and three dimensional liquid citation needed Le Grand Palais in Paris organised an exhibition Artists amp Robots featuring artworks created by more than forty artists with help of robots in 2018 18 Robotics artists editThis is an alphabetically ordered list of contemporary robotics artists This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources Agnieszka Pilat Andy Warhol Annina Ruest Christian Ristow Chico MacMurtrie Jeff Weber Eric Paulos Flaming Lotus Girls Omnicircus Garnet Hertz Genco Gulan Kal Spelletich amp Survival Research Laboratories Ken Feingold Ken Goldberg Ken Rinaldo Leonel Moura Marco Donnarumma Mark Pauline Max Dean Nemo Gould Norman White Maywa Denki Pindar Van Arman 19 Simon Penny Stelarc Theo Jansen Zaven PareSee also editRobodonienReferences edit Giles Lionel 1912 Taoist Teachings from the Book of Lieh Tzǔ Dutton Al Jazari and the History of the Water Clock History of Science and Technology in Islam Brief history of the Prague Astronomical Clock Pride of Da Vinci s genius walks again after 500 years The Independent 4 July 2009 Retrieved 2 October 2012 Pierre Jaquet Droz History of Computers Retrieved 2 October 2012 About the Mechanical Theatre Hellbrun Retrieved 2 October 2012 A Mechanical Man The New York Times 15 April 1893 Quoted in Buckley David 21 January 2008 1893 Prof George Moore s Steam Man History Makers Retrieved 2 October 2012 Tesla Life and Legacy Race of Robots PBS Ridenour Al 2002 05 16 The Automated Andy Warhol Is Reprogrammed Los Angeles Times Retrieved 2023 08 09 Magazine Smithsonian McGreevy Nora Hear an A I Generated Andy Warhol Read His Diary to You in New Documentary Smithsonian Magazine Retrieved 2023 08 09 Warhol A Life As Art by Blake Gopnik Book Review Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art Retrieved 2023 08 09 Watercutter Angela Why The Andy Warhol Diaries Recreated the Artist s Voice With AI Wired ISSN 1059 1028 Retrieved 2023 08 09 Wolff Rachel April 6 2011 A Homage to a Homage Destruction at Its Core The New York Times Retrieved 2 October 2012 Experiment in Art was a Blazing Success Sarasota Journal March 17 1960 Retrieved 2 October 2012 Fennell Zachary April 2010 Robotic Crash Test Dummies as Art Dark Roasted Blend Bement Jenny Lou 26 April 2011 Live review Captured by Robots Vibes The Music Blog Creative Loafing Couch Christina 24 July 2007 Metal Heads Jay Vance s Robotic Rockin Bandmates Wired Archived from the original on 29 January 2013 Artists amp Robots Exposition au Grand Palais du 5 avril au 9 juillet 2018 2019 08 14 Archived from the original on 2019 08 14 Retrieved 2019 08 14 Caren Allie 6 December 2015 You Can Give a Robot a Paintbrush but does it Create Art NPR Retrieved 25 October 2017 Further reading edit Robot Love Montreal Gazette 5 May 2007 by Cameron Skene Robots and Art Exploring an Unlikely Symbiosis D Herath et al eds Springer 2016 ISBN 9789811003196External links editKac Eduardo 15 April 2006 Robotic Art Chronology NeMe Official website of the first International Workshop on Robotics and Art at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Robotic art amp oldid 1205070420, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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