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Robert Brooke Sr.

January 01, 1970

Robert Brooke Sr. (1602–1655) was a Colonial Governor of Maryland for several months in 1652.[1] He is also the grandfather of later colonial Governor of Maryland Thomas Brooke Jr.

Early life edit

 
Coat of Arms of Robert Brooke, Sr.

Robert Brooke was born in London on June 23, 1602, third son of Thomas Brooke (1561–1612) of Whitchurch[2] and Susan Foster, daughter of Sir Thomas Forster (1548–1612) of "Etherstone"[3] and sister of Sir Robert Foster, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench.[2] Thomas Brooke was a barrister at Inner Temple and MP for Whitchurch from 1604 to 1611.[4] The Brooke family arms were recorded in the Visitation of Hampshire, 1634.[5] Robert and his ten siblings were orphaned in 1612 and were given into the care of their uncle Richard Venables, who managed the Brooke children's finances and saw to their education.[4] Robert matriculated at Wadham College, Oxford on April 28, 1618. He received the degree of B.A. July 6, 1620; consequently, in 1624, without further study or examination, he also received a Master of Arts degree.[2][6]

Religious career edit

He was admitted to Orders[5] though the earliest evidence of his posting to a parish occurs after the death of his first wife, Mary Baker, and subsequent marriage to Mary Mainwaring in 1635.[7] He was made vicar of Laugharne with Llansadwrnen in the diocese of St. David's on November 21, 1637 under the direct patronage of Charles I,[8] who in concert with William Laud sought to promote clergymen supporting the philosophy of Divine Right.

By this point, Brooke's uncle Sir Robert Foster was an outspoken supporter of Charles I's controversial policies such as ships-money. If Brooke wrote in support of the king in matters of theology, it does not appear his writings have survived, but his posting in Wales is likely due to the influence of his father-in-law Roger Mainwaring, an outspoken proponent for concepts of Divine Right, who was made Bishop of St. David's the year prior in 1636, an appointment Laud had held himself along his path to Archbishop of Canterbury.

Political tensions between King Charles I and Parliament flared in the 1640s. Mainwaring would flee Wales to Ireland from 1641 to 1642 when the Long Parliament issued a warrant for his arrest. Brooke's appointment to command of a county in Maryland in 1649 neatly coincides with the execution of his royal patron, the removal of Roger Mainwaring as Bishop of St. David's, and the exodus of Cavaliers to Maryland and Virginia. Robert Brooke would not serve in the Anglican Church after his arrival in Maryland, and in fact he and his family would convert to Catholicism prior to his death in 1655.

First family edit

Brooke married first, on February 25, 1627, Mary Baker (1602–34), daughter of Thomas Baker of Battle in Sussex, England.[5] Robert and Mary (Baker) Brooke had four children:

  1. Baker, married Anne Calvert, daughter of Gov. Leonard Calvert, first Governor of Maryland
  2. Mary
  3. Thomas , married Eleanor Hatton, daughter[9] of Richard Hatton and wife Margaret Domville[10]
  4. Barbara

Second family edit

Brooke married second, on May 11, 1635, Mary Mainwaring, daughter of Roger Mainwaring (1582–1653), Dean of Worcester and Bishop of St David's, and his wife Cecilia Proper. Robert and Mary (Mainwaring) Brooke had thirteen children:[11]

  1. Charles (1636-1671) Never married; first Southerner to graduate from Harvard College, Class of 1655[6]
  2. Roger, married:
    1. Dorothy Neale, daughter of Capt. James Neale and Anna Maria Gill
    2. Mary Wolseley, daughter of Walter Wolseley and Mary Beauchamp.
  3. Robert, married Elizabeth Thompson, daughter of William Thompson and Mary Bretton.
  4. John, married Rebecca Isaacs.
  5. Mary.
  6. William.
  7. Ann, married Christopher Beanes.
  8. Francis, never married.
  9. Basil, died in infancy.
  10. Henry, never married.
  11. Elizabeth, married Capt. Richard Smith Jr.

Emigrants to Maryland edit

 
Leonard Calvert
(Florence MacKubin, 1914)

On September 20, 1649, Brooke was issued with a commission as Commander of "one whole county" (in the province of Maryland) "to be newly set forth, erected, &c" by Governor Stone at the request of Cecil Calvert.[12] He was to receive a grant of 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) for every ten persons he transported. Brooke is said to have departed from Chester (June 1650) aboard his own ships and at his own expense, along with his wife, ten children, 28 servants, and a pack of hounds. On July 22, 1650, along with his two sons, Baker and Thomas Sr., he took the oath of Fidelity to the Proprietor. His sons each received separate grants of land in various counties of Maryland. Robert Brooke was constituted as Commander of newly formed Old Charles County in Maryland on October 30, 1650 (Old Charles County consisted largely of lands within today’s borders of Charles County but "included parts of St. Mary’s, Calvert, present-day Charles and Prince George’s County";[13] the borders were redrawn shortly thereafter). This appointment was an expression of the friendship between Brooke and Cecil Calvert that they had formed at Oxford as residents of neighboring colleges.[11]

Political activities edit

In 1652, under the Cromwellian Government, Brooke was made Governor,[1] and served in this capacity from March 29 to July 3, 1652. His co-operation with the Bennett-Claiborne Puritan faction brought him the displeasure of Lord Baltimore and the loss of his proprietary offices. Later he reconciled with Lord Baltimore, allied himself with the conservative Catholic Party, and he and his family converted to Catholicism prior to his death.

Property edit

 
Brooke Place Manor

Like most of the wealthy emigrants who came to Maryland under the patronage of the Proprietor, Brooke amassed many thousands of acres of land. He constructed three large estates, each named for himself:

  • "De La Brooke Manor" (2,000 acres (8.1 km2), granted July 28, 1650) in St. Mary's County, Maryland; a private residence and still the home location of a hunt club.[14]
  • "Brooke Place Manor" (2,100 acres (8.5 km2)) on Battle Creek, Calvert County, across the Patuxent, where he built a home almost a replica of "De La Brooke".[15]
  • "Brooke Court" (2,000 acres (8.1 km2)) in what is now Prince George's County.

By the time of his death on July 20, 1655,[16] Brooke is said to have accumulated 8,000 acres (32 km2) of land.

Legacy edit

Robert Brooke is regarded as an originator of the sport of foxhunting in British America and regarded as America's first Master of Foxhounds (MFH),[17] and the pack of hounds that he brought with him on his ship are one of the three ancestral strains of the American Foxhound, together with the Marquis de Lafayette's hounds and George Washington's.[18] Robert Brooke's pack of hounds descended through his family, which still kept and bred the pack at least as late as the 1940, a singular feat in the sport of foxhunting as well as dog breeding as it represents 290 years of breeding by one family.[17] American Foxhounds from this lineage were additionally known as "Brooke Hounds."[17]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Scharf, John Thomas, History of Western Maryland, p.774
  2. ^ a b c Papenfuse, Edward; Day, Alan; Jordan, David; Stiverson, Gregory (1979). A Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature, 1635 - 1789. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 170–173. ISBN 0801819954.
  3. ^ "The Brookes of Whitchurch"
  4. ^ a b Thrush, Andrew; Ferris, John (2010). The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604-1629. Cambridge University Press. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  5. ^ a b c Pedigrees from the visitation of Hampshire made by Thomas Benolt, Clarenceulx a 1530 : enlarged with the vissitation of the same county made by Robert Cooke, Clarenceulx anno 1575 both which are continued with the vissitation made by John Phillipott, Somersett (for William Camden, Clarenceux) in a 1622 most part then done & finished in a 1634. As collected by Richard Mundy in Harleian ms. no. 1544
  6. ^ a b Morison, Samual Eliot (January 1933). "Virginians and Marylanders at Harvard College in the Seventeenth Century". William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine. 13 (1): 2–9. doi:10.2307/1922830. JSTOR 1922830. Retrieved 9 September 2022. Mr. [Charles] Brooke of Harvard was one of the sons of Robert Brooke of Whitechurch, Hampshire, a graduate of Wadham College, Oxford (B.A. 1620, M.S. 1624), and a wealthy and prominent planter of Charles County, Maryland… [After] arrival of the Brooke family in Maryland, Mr. Brooke entered Harvard College June 3, 1651.
  7. ^ "Clergy of the Church of England Database".
  8. ^ "Clergy of the Church of England Database: Brooke, Robert [175176]".
  9. ^ Lymm, Cheshire, parish registers [FHL film #2,104,772]
  10. ^ Murphy, Nathan (2015). "The Origin and Royal Descent of Margaret Domville, Wife of Richard Hatton, of Lymm, Cheshire, and of Richard Banks of Maryland". The American Genealogist. 87 (3 & 4): 226.
  11. ^ a b The Brooke family of Whitchurch, Hampshire, England; together with an account of Acting-governor Robert Brooke of Maryland and Colonel Ninian Beall of Maryland and some of their descendants
  12. ^ Bozman, John Leeds, History of Maryland, Vol. 2, p376.
  13. ^ Klapthor, Margaret Brown; Brown, Paul Dennis (2013). History of Charles County, Maryland, Written In Its Tercentenary Year of 1958 (Heritage Classic paperback ed.). Heritage Books, Inc. p. back cover. ISBN 978-0788401602.
  14. ^ De La Brooke Foxhounds
  15. ^ Maryland Historical Magazine, pp 68
  16. ^ Tyler, Samuel, Memoir of Roger Brooke Taney (out of print), p 25
  17. ^ a b c Blan van Urk, J (1940). The Story of American Foxhunting From Challenge to Full Cry. New York: The Derrydale Press. p. 29.
  18. ^ "Robert Brooke: America's First MFH".

References edit

  • Taney, Roger Brooke (1872). Memoir of Roger Brooke Taney, LL.D.: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. John Murphy & Co.
  • Maryland Historical Magazine. Maryland Historical Society. 1906. p. 68. Retrieved 2007-10-06. brooke place manor.

January 01, 1970
robert, brooke, 1602, 1655, colonial, governor, maryland, several, months, 1652, also, grandfather, later, colonial, governor, maryland, thomas, brooke, contents, early, life, religious, career, first, family, second, family, emigrants, maryland, political, ac. Robert Brooke Sr 1602 1655 was a Colonial Governor of Maryland for several months in 1652 1 He is also the grandfather of later colonial Governor of Maryland Thomas Brooke Jr Contents 1 Early life 2 Religious career 3 First family 4 Second family 5 Emigrants to Maryland 6 Political activities 7 Property 8 Legacy 9 See also 10 Notes 11 ReferencesEarly life edit nbsp Coat of Arms of Robert Brooke Sr Robert Brooke was born in London on June 23 1602 third son of Thomas Brooke 1561 1612 of Whitchurch 2 and Susan Foster daughter of Sir Thomas Forster 1548 1612 of Etherstone 3 and sister of Sir Robert Foster Lord Chief Justice of the King s Bench 2 Thomas Brooke was a barrister at Inner Temple and MP for Whitchurch from 1604 to 1611 4 The Brooke family arms were recorded in the Visitation of Hampshire 1634 5 Robert and his ten siblings were orphaned in 1612 and were given into the care of their uncle Richard Venables who managed the Brooke children s finances and saw to their education 4 Robert matriculated at Wadham College Oxford on April 28 1618 He received the degree of B A July 6 1620 consequently in 1624 without further study or examination he also received a Master of Arts degree 2 6 Religious career editHe was admitted to Orders 5 though the earliest evidence of his posting to a parish occurs after the death of his first wife Mary Baker and subsequent marriage to Mary Mainwaring in 1635 7 He was made vicar of Laugharne with Llansadwrnen in the diocese of St David s on November 21 1637 under the direct patronage of Charles I 8 who in concert with William Laud sought to promote clergymen supporting the philosophy of Divine Right By this point Brooke s uncle Sir Robert Foster was an outspoken supporter of Charles I s controversial policies such as ships money If Brooke wrote in support of the king in matters of theology it does not appear his writings have survived but his posting in Wales is likely due to the influence of his father in law Roger Mainwaring an outspoken proponent for concepts of Divine Right who was made Bishop of St David s the year prior in 1636 an appointment Laud had held himself along his path to Archbishop of Canterbury Political tensions between King Charles I and Parliament flared in the 1640s Mainwaring would flee Wales to Ireland from 1641 to 1642 when the Long Parliament issued a warrant for his arrest Brooke s appointment to command of a county in Maryland in 1649 neatly coincides with the execution of his royal patron the removal of Roger Mainwaring as Bishop of St David s and the exodus of Cavaliers to Maryland and Virginia Robert Brooke would not serve in the Anglican Church after his arrival in Maryland and in fact he and his family would convert to Catholicism prior to his death in 1655 First family editBrooke married first on February 25 1627 Mary Baker 1602 34 daughter of Thomas Baker of Battle in Sussex England 5 Robert and Mary Baker Brooke had four children Baker married Anne Calvert daughter of Gov Leonard Calvert first Governor of Maryland Mary Thomas married Eleanor Hatton daughter 9 of Richard Hatton and wife Margaret Domville 10 BarbaraSecond family editBrooke married second on May 11 1635 Mary Mainwaring daughter of Roger Mainwaring 1582 1653 Dean of Worcester and Bishop of St David s and his wife Cecilia Proper Robert and Mary Mainwaring Brooke had thirteen children 11 Charles 1636 1671 Never married first Southerner to graduate from Harvard College Class of 1655 6 Roger married Dorothy Neale daughter of Capt James Neale and Anna Maria Gill Mary Wolseley daughter of Walter Wolseley and Mary Beauchamp Robert married Elizabeth Thompson daughter of William Thompson and Mary Bretton John married Rebecca Isaacs Mary William Ann married Christopher Beanes Francis never married Basil died in infancy Henry never married Elizabeth married Capt Richard Smith Jr Emigrants to Maryland edit nbsp Leonard Calvert Florence MacKubin 1914 On September 20 1649 Brooke was issued with a commission as Commander of one whole county in the province of Maryland to be newly set forth erected amp c by Governor Stone at the request of Cecil Calvert 12 He was to receive a grant of 2 000 acres 8 1 km2 for every ten persons he transported Brooke is said to have departed from Chester June 1650 aboard his own ships and at his own expense along with his wife ten children 28 servants and a pack of hounds On July 22 1650 along with his two sons Baker and Thomas Sr he took the oath of Fidelity to the Proprietor His sons each received separate grants of land in various counties of Maryland Robert Brooke was constituted as Commander of newly formed Old Charles County in Maryland on October 30 1650 Old Charles County consisted largely of lands within today s borders of Charles County but included parts of St Mary s Calvert present day Charles and Prince George s County 13 the borders were redrawn shortly thereafter This appointment was an expression of the friendship between Brooke and Cecil Calvert that they had formed at Oxford as residents of neighboring colleges 11 Political activities editIn 1652 under the Cromwellian Government Brooke was made Governor 1 and served in this capacity from March 29 to July 3 1652 His co operation with the Bennett Claiborne Puritan faction brought him the displeasure of Lord Baltimore and the loss of his proprietary offices Later he reconciled with Lord Baltimore allied himself with the conservative Catholic Party and he and his family converted to Catholicism prior to his death Property edit nbsp Brooke Place Manor Like most of the wealthy emigrants who came to Maryland under the patronage of the Proprietor Brooke amassed many thousands of acres of land He constructed three large estates each named for himself De La Brooke Manor 2 000 acres 8 1 km2 granted July 28 1650 in St Mary s County Maryland a private residence and still the home location of a hunt club 14 Brooke Place Manor 2 100 acres 8 5 km2 on Battle Creek Calvert County across the Patuxent where he built a home almost a replica of De La Brooke 15 Brooke Court 2 000 acres 8 1 km2 in what is now Prince George s County By the time of his death on July 20 1655 16 Brooke is said to have accumulated 8 000 acres 32 km2 of land Legacy editRobert Brooke is regarded as an originator of the sport of foxhunting in British America and regarded as America s first Master of Foxhounds MFH 17 and the pack of hounds that he brought with him on his ship are one of the three ancestral strains of the American Foxhound together with the Marquis de Lafayette s hounds and George Washington s 18 Robert Brooke s pack of hounds descended through his family which still kept and bred the pack at least as late as the 1940 a singular feat in the sport of foxhunting as well as dog breeding as it represents 290 years of breeding by one family 17 American Foxhounds from this lineage were additionally known as Brooke Hounds 17 See also editColonial families of MarylandNotes edit a b Scharf John Thomas History of Western Maryland p 774 a b c Papenfuse Edward Day Alan Jordan David Stiverson Gregory 1979 A Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature 1635 1789 Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press pp 170 173 ISBN 0801819954 The Brookes of Whitchurch a b Thrush Andrew Ferris John 2010 The History of Parliament the House of Commons 1604 1629 Cambridge University Press a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help a b c Pedigrees from the visitation of Hampshire made by Thomas Benolt Clarenceulx a 1530 enlarged with the vissitation of the same county made by Robert Cooke Clarenceulx anno 1575 both which are continued with the vissitation made by John Phillipott Somersett for William Camden Clarenceux in a 1622 most part then done amp finished in a 1634 As collected by Richard Mundy in Harleian ms no 1544 a b Morison Samual Eliot January 1933 Virginians and Marylanders at Harvard College in the Seventeenth Century William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine 13 1 2 9 doi 10 2307 1922830 JSTOR 1922830 Retrieved 9 September 2022 Mr Charles Brooke of Harvard was one of the sons of Robert Brooke of Whitechurch Hampshire a graduate of Wadham College Oxford B A 1620 M S 1624 and a wealthy and prominent planter of Charles County Maryland After arrival of the Brooke family in Maryland Mr Brooke entered Harvard College June 3 1651 Clergy of the Church of England Database Clergy of the Church of England Database Brooke Robert 175176 Lymm Cheshire parish registers FHL film 2 104 772 Murphy Nathan 2015 The Origin and Royal Descent of Margaret Domville Wife of Richard Hatton of Lymm Cheshire and of Richard Banks of Maryland The American Genealogist 87 3 amp 4 226 a b The Brooke family of Whitchurch Hampshire England together with an account of Acting governor Robert Brooke of Maryland and Colonel Ninian Beall of Maryland and some of their descendants Bozman John Leeds History of Maryland Vol 2 p376 Klapthor Margaret Brown Brown Paul Dennis 2013 History of Charles County Maryland Written In Its Tercentenary Year of 1958 Heritage Classic paperback ed Heritage Books Inc p back cover ISBN 978 0788401602 De La Brooke Foxhounds Maryland Historical Magazine pp 68 Tyler Samuel Memoir of Roger Brooke Taney out of print p 25 a b c Blan van Urk J 1940 The Story of American Foxhunting From Challenge to Full Cry New York The Derrydale Press p 29 Robert Brooke America s First MFH References editTaney Roger Brooke 1872 Memoir of Roger Brooke Taney LL D Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States John Murphy amp Co Maryland Historical Magazine Maryland Historical Society 1906 p 68 Retrieved 2007 10 06 brooke place manor Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Robert Brooke Sr amp oldid 1218705153, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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