"Koshare" redirects here. For the village in Kosovo, see Košare, Gjakova.
The Pueblo clowns (sometimes called sacred clowns) are jesters or tricksters in the Kachina religion (practiced by the Pueblo natives of the southwestern United States). It is a generic term, as there are a number of these figures in the ritual practice of the Pueblo people. Each has a unique role; belonging to separate Kivas (secret societies or confraternities) and each has a name that differs from one mesa or pueblo to another.
Ceramic sacred clown by Kathleen Wall Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico
The clowns perform monthly rituals, summer (for rain), November - for the gods, for curing society, black magic.[1] Among the Hopi/Tewa there are four distinct clowns: the Koyi'msĭ (also called Ho'tomeli'pung, Tewa Ta'chûktĭ); Chüʳkü'wĭmkya; Pai'yakyamü or Koyala; and Pi'ptuyakyamü (or "arrivals").[2]
In order for a clown to perform meaningful social commentary via humor, the clown's identity must usually be concealed. The sacred clowns of the Pueblo people, however, do not employ masks but rely on body paint and head dresses. Among the best known orders of the sacred Pueblo clown is the Chiffoneti (called Payakyamu in Hopi, Kossa in the Tewa language, Koshare among the Keres people, Tabösh at Jemez, New Mexico, and Newekwe by the Zuñi). These individuals present themselves with black and white horizontal stripes painted on their bodies and faces, paint black circles around the mouth and eyes, and part their hair in the center and bind it in two bunches which stand upright on each side of the head and are trimmed with corn husks.[3]
The mudheads (called Koyemshi in Zuni, and Tatsuki in Hopi) are usually portrayed by pinkish clay coated bodies and matching cotton bag worn over the head.[4]
Anthropologists, most notably Adolf Bandelier in his 1890 book, The Delight Makers, and Elsie Clews Parsons in her Pueblo Indian Religion, have extensively studied the meaning of the Pueblo clowns and clown society in general. Bandelier notes that the Tsuku were somewhat feared by the Hopi as the source of public criticism and censure of non-Hopi like behavior. Their function can help defuse community tensions by providing their own humorous interpretation of the tribe's popular culture, by reinforcing taboos, and by communicating traditions. A 1656 case of a young Hopi man impersonating the resident Franciscan priest at Awat'ovi is thought to be a historic instance of Pueblo clowning.[5]
^Londré, Felicia Hardison (1998). The history of North American theater : the United States, Canada, and Mexico : from pre-Columbian times to the present. New York: Continuum. ISBN9780826410795.
^Roediger, Virginia More (1991). Ceremonial Costumes of the Pueblo Indians: Their Evolution, Fabrication, and Significance in the Prayer Drama. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 229.
^Daughters, Anton. "A Seventeenth-Century Instance of Hopi Clowning? The Trial of Juan Suni, 1659. Kiva Vol. 74, No. 4, Summer 2009
Referencesedit
Gutenberg etext of Adolf Bandelier The Delight Makers
Elsie Clews Parsons Pueblo Indian Religion, University of Chicago Press, 1939.
Elsie Clews Parsons and Ralph L. Beals, The Sacred Clowns of the Pueblo and Mayo-Yaqui IndiansAmerican Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 36, No. 4 (October–December, 1934), pp. 491–514
Pecina, Ron and Pecina, Bob. Hopi Kachinas: History, Legends, and Art. Schiffer Publishing Ltd. 2013; ISBN978-0-7643-4429-9. Pages 124-138.
J. H. Steward, The Ceremonial Buffoons of the American Indians, Michigan Academy of Sciences, pp 187–207, 1930.
Alison Freese, `Send in the Clowns: An Ethnohistorical Analysis of the Sacred Clowns' Role in Cultural Boundary Maintenance Among the Pueblo Indians' (doctoral thesis, University of New Mexico, 1991)
External linksedit
Rainmakers from the Gods: Hopi Katsinam, Peabody Museum online exhibition
October 27, 2023
pueblo, clown, koshare, redirects, here, village, kosovo, košare, gjakova, sometimes, called, sacred, clowns, jesters, tricksters, kachina, religion, practiced, pueblo, natives, southwestern, united, states, generic, term, there, number, these, figures, ritual. Koshare redirects here For the village in Kosovo see Kosare Gjakova The Pueblo clowns sometimes called sacred clowns are jesters or tricksters in the Kachina religion practiced by the Pueblo natives of the southwestern United States It is a generic term as there are a number of these figures in the ritual practice of the Pueblo people Each has a unique role belonging to separate Kivas secret societies or confraternities and each has a name that differs from one mesa or pueblo to another Ceramic sacred clown by Kathleen Wall Jemez Pueblo New Mexico Contents 1 Roles 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksRoles editThe clowns perform monthly rituals summer for rain November for the gods for curing society black magic 1 Among the Hopi Tewa there are four distinct clowns the Koyi msĭ also called Ho tomeli pung Tewa Ta chuktĭ Chuʳku wĭmkya Pai yakyamu or Koyala and Pi ptuyakyamu or arrivals 2 In order for a clown to perform meaningful social commentary via humor the clown s identity must usually be concealed The sacred clowns of the Pueblo people however do not employ masks but rely on body paint and head dresses Among the best known orders of the sacred Pueblo clown is the Chiffoneti called Payakyamu in Hopi Kossa in the Tewa language Koshare among the Keres people Tabosh at Jemez New Mexico and Newekwe by the Zuni These individuals present themselves with black and white horizontal stripes painted on their bodies and faces paint black circles around the mouth and eyes and part their hair in the center and bind it in two bunches which stand upright on each side of the head and are trimmed with corn husks 3 The mudheads called Koyemshi in Zuni and Tatsuki in Hopi are usually portrayed by pinkish clay coated bodies and matching cotton bag worn over the head 4 Anthropologists most notably Adolf Bandelier in his 1890 book The Delight Makers and Elsie Clews Parsons in her Pueblo Indian Religion have extensively studied the meaning of the Pueblo clowns and clown society in general Bandelier notes that the Tsuku were somewhat feared by the Hopi as the source of public criticism and censure of non Hopi like behavior Their function can help defuse community tensions by providing their own humorous interpretation of the tribe s popular culture by reinforcing taboos and by communicating traditions A 1656 case of a young Hopi man impersonating the resident Franciscan priest at Awat ovi is thought to be a historic instance of Pueblo clowning 5 See also editHeyokaNotes edit AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST N s 36 1934 p494 https anthrosource onlinelibrary wiley com doi pdf 10 1525 aa 1934 36 4 02a00020 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST N S 36 1934 pp 492 493 https anthrosource onlinelibrary wiley com doi pdf 10 1525 aa 1934 36 4 02a00020 Londre Felicia Hardison 1998 The history of North American theater the United States Canada and Mexico from pre Columbian times to the present New York Continuum ISBN 9780826410795 Roediger Virginia More 1991 Ceremonial Costumes of the Pueblo Indians Their Evolution Fabrication and Significance in the Prayer Drama Berkeley University of California Press p 229 Daughters Anton A Seventeenth Century Instance of Hopi Clowning The Trial of Juan Suni 1659 Kiva Vol 74 No 4 Summer 2009References editGutenberg etext of Adolf Bandelier The Delight Makers P Farb Man s Rise to Civilisation 1971 M Conrad Hyers The Spirituality of Comedy comic heroism in a tragic world 1996 Transaction Publishers ISBN 1 56000 218 2 Elsie Clews Parsons Pueblo Indian Religion University of Chicago Press 1939 Elsie Clews Parsons and Ralph L Beals The Sacred Clowns of the Pueblo and Mayo Yaqui Indians American Anthropologist New Series Vol 36 No 4 October December 1934 pp 491 514 Pecina Ron and Pecina Bob Hopi Kachinas History Legends and Art Schiffer Publishing Ltd 2013 ISBN 978 0 7643 4429 9 Pages 124 138 J H Steward The Ceremonial Buffoons of the American Indians Michigan Academy of Sciences pp 187 207 1930 Alison Freese Send in the Clowns An Ethnohistorical Analysis of the Sacred Clowns Role in Cultural Boundary Maintenance Among the Pueblo Indians doctoral thesis University of New Mexico 1991 External links editRainmakers from the Gods Hopi Katsinam Peabody Museum online exhibition Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pueblo clown amp oldid 1149929143, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
